Hua'er is widely spread among 8 ethnic groups including Hui, Han, Tu, Dongxiang, Baoan, Salar, Tibetan and Yugu in the four provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang, and all use the local Chinese dialect. , a variety of folk songs that can only be sung outside the village, commonly known as "wild songs" (as opposed to "family songs" or "banquet songs"), also known as "young people". Its singing is divided into two main occasions: daily production, life and "Huaer Party". "Hua'er Hui" is a large-scale folk singing gathering, also known as "Singing Mountain".
.
Huaer·Laoyeshan Huaer Club
Declaration area or unit: Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province
Laoyeshan Huaer Club is held on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month every year A large-scale folk song singing event held in Laoye Mountain in Datong Hui and Tu Autonomous County, Qinghai Province. It originated in the Ming Dynasty. After hundreds of years of development, along with the "Chaoshan Langhui" activity, it gradually evolved from entertaining gods to entertaining people. Large-scale folk activities every year.
There are two singing styles of Laoyeshan Huaer Club. The first is mass spontaneous singing. On the sixth day of the sixth lunar month in the dense forests and flowers of Laoye Mountain, dozens or hundreds of people sing freely, blending the scene; the second is the organized singing that emerged after 1949, with fixed singing The venue and stage, singers are selected through layers of selection and compete in singing competitions on the stage. Laoyeshan Hua'er Club mainly performs "Hehuang Hua'er". The singers include singers from Han, Hui, Tu, Tibetan and other ethnic groups, and they all sing Hua'er in Chinese. This is the distinctive feature that distinguishes Laoye Mountain's "Hua'er" and "Hua'er Club" from other folk songs and singing parties.
The content of Laoyeshan Huaer mainly focuses on singing about love life, but also involves religion, folklore, production and labor, historical stories, new people and new things, etc. The lyrics are mainly composed of seven-character (one or three sentences) and eight-character sentences (two or four sentences) alternating with four sentences. It is specially stipulated that the end of the second and fourth sentences must be "double-character" words, and the other one and three sentences and the second and fourth sentences. The sentences rhyme respectively, forming a special singing rhythm, which is also a special case among Han folk songs across the country. Hehuang Hua'er's language is vivid, vivid, graceful, and bright, and uses many rhetorical techniques such as Fu, Bi, Xing, etc., which has extremely high literary value. Datong Laoyeshan Huaer has representative songs such as "Datong Ling", "Dongxia Ling" and "Laoye Shan Ling". These tunes have unique rhythms, are beautiful, lyrical, high-pitched, resonant and melodious, and are deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups in Datong.
Qilisi Gorge is located at the foothills of Xiaojishi Mountain in Gushan Town, south of Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County. The flower party held here has a history of at least a hundred years. Every year on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, people from all over the world come together in costumes and hold umbrellas. Sixty or seventy thousand people gather in the canyon and sing to Hua Er all night long.
The Qili Temple Flower Fair is a folk cultural event voluntarily organized by the masses, and the singers are all folk singers. The singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, chorus, etc., without any instrumental accompaniment; the singing content is mostly love songs. Singers usually cover their ears with one hand and use different "lings" to sing according to the needs of the content. There are more than 40 kinds of songs sung. Representative songs include "Gu Shanling", "Maying Ling" and "Er Plum Blossom Ling". wait. The Qili Temple Flower Club is quite famous in the northwest region due to its strong local characteristics and the attraction of the medicinal springs in the gorge.
There are many singers at the Qili Temple Flower Festival. In addition to the famous "Hua'er" singers, Huaer singers from surrounding areas often come to join in the fun. There are many old singers who sing songs that are performed in normal times or other times. It's hard to hear at "Flower Club".
Hua'er·Qutan Temple Hua'er Club
Declaring area or unit: Ledu County, Qinghai Province
Qutan Temple Hua'er Club is also the local The temple fair lasts three days from the 14th to the 16th day of the sixth lunar month. Qutan Temple Huaer Club in Ledu County is the largest and most influential among the Huaer Clubs in Qinghai. According to research, the Qutan Temple Flower Club started from the opening of a temple fair in Qutan Temple during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, and gradually developed into a Hua'er Club of a certain scale in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. The Qutan Temple Flower Fair is the largest stage for local people to exchange flowers. Many folk flower singers travel from here to the province and even the northwest region.
The participants of Qutan Temple Huaer Association are mainly Han people, and other ethnic groups also participate enthusiastically. In terms of singing songs, in addition to the local "Nianbo Ling", there are also "White Peony Ling", "Gamaer Ling", "Water Red Flower Ling", "Sanshan Ling" and so on. In addition, "Lai", which is loved by Tibetan people, is also widely sung here.
Its singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, joint singing, etc. Among them, the antiphonal singing between the two camps best reflects the folk characteristics of Qutan Temple Huaerhui.
Shanhuaer, commonly known as dried flowers, mountain tunes and wild flowers, is a representative folk song genre widely sung in Ningxia Hui inhabited areas. It inherits some characteristics of ancient folk songs (Tu Ge, Xiang He Ge, and Li Ge) in the Longshan area. The "Longshan Song", "Longban Song" and "Longyuan Song" in "The Book of Songs·Bin Feng" and "Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties Yuefu" are its forerunners. The complex and diverse culture makes these folk songs more characteristic of transitional and marginal cultures. The widely sung Hui folk songs are one of the most representative ones, with a broad mass base and rich folk cultural connotations.
Shanhuaer is basically a form of self-singing for self-entertainment or sung in a small area. It inherits the "three sentences and one stack" of ancient Longshan folk songs, and is mostly sung in the form of a single set of short songs with improvised lyrics. Shanhua'er music inherits the four- and five-tone characteristics of ancient Longshan Tuge singing, and absorbs various factors from Xintianyou, Shanshan Diao, Taomin Hua'er, Hehuang Hua'er and Islamic tones. It mostly uses the pentatonic scale to complete the circuit.
Shanhuaer has distinctive characteristics in literature and music, with a unique style and rich local flavor. It maintains the rough and bold characteristics of folk songs and wild songs, and has a smooth and beautiful minor tune tendency; it is the representative of the Hui culture in Ningxia. The vivid expression has research value in ethnology and folklore; Shanhuaer's three-sentence line and double-word rhyming endings are relatively unique folk song forms in the Longshan area and have high literary value. Based on the Shang Zheng type four-tone tune and the five-tone tune, it has evolved into a unique style of Huaer songs with diverse musical forms, tones, melodies and rhythms. The representative songs of Ningxia Hui Hua'er include "Cows Drinking Water on the Bank of the Yellow River", "Looking at the Gahua in My Heart", "Flowers Are the Words in My Heart", etc.