The three representatives of the Baroque period are Bach, Vivaldi and Handel.

Bach is one of Germany’s greatest classical composers and an organist. His main works include "Johann Passion", "Twelve Well-Tempered Piano Collection", etc. Bach's works had a profound influence on modern Western music, so he is known as the "Father of Music" and "The Unsurpassed Master" in Western Europe.

Handel, a famous British-German composer, whose main works include "Messiah", "Hallelujah", etc. His works combine rigorous German counterpoint, Italian solo art and British choral tradition, becoming treasures in the history of world music. Together with Bach and Vivaldi, he brought a successful end to the glorious Baroque era.

Vivaldi, a famous Italian composer and violinist during the Baroque period. His most famous work is the violin concerto "The Four Seasons". His musical genius inspired later great Baroque musicians, especially his rich works and novel and scientific opera creation methods, which stimulated the curiosity of modern Italian composers.

The characteristic theme content has distinctive humanistic characteristics; the melody is beautiful and smooth; the texture of the piano accompaniment is simple and simple; and the singing style is soft and lyrical.

Extended information:

The Baroque period is an era in the history of Western art, roughly the 17th century. Its earliest manifestation was in the late 16th century in Italy, but in some areas, mainly Germany and the South American colonies, it did not reach its peak in some aspects until the 18th century. The Baroque period came to an end in the 18th century with the transformation of its distinctive style into the Rococo style.

In terms of music, one of the most significant turning points in the history of art occurred in Italy in the early 17th century. Although the ancient style continued to be popular, it was later used only for sacred music, while the modern style came to be used for non-religious music. Due to the expansion of musical vocabulary, differences between sacred music and non-religious music, between vocal and instrumental styles, and between ethnic groups have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, the Baroque period in the field of music, like other fields of art, also embodies a variety of different styles. There was not much thought in the music of this period, and the emphasis was on the beauty of rhythm. Operas, oratorios, and cantata were some of the most important new forms of vocal music, while sonatas, concertos, and preludes were written for instrumental music.

Claudio Monteverdi (1567～1643) was the first great composer of "new music". His teachers in Italy were Alessandro Scarlatti (1660～1725) and Giovanni Pergolesi (1710～1736), both Italian Baroque opera masters. The Italian instrumental music tradition is reflected in the country's great Baroque composers Corelli (Arcangelo Corelli, 1653～1713), Antonio Vivaldi (1678～1741) and Giuseppe Tartini (1692～1770). Lully (Jean-Baptiste Lully, 1632～1687) and Jean Philippe Rameau (1683～1764) are two masters of French Baroque music.

In England, following the popularity of masquerade during the Stuart dynasty, there was Handel (1685~1759)'s achievements in vocal music. Handel was born in Germany and received his musical training in Italy. And his contemporary Bach (1685 ~ 1750) subsequently pushed Baroque sacred music to a climax in Germany. Other famous German Baroque composers include Heinrich Schutz (1585～1672), Dietrich Buxtehude (1673～1707) and Georg Philipp Telemann (1681～1767).

The Portuguese word baroque originally meant non-round, irregularly shaped pearls, and now refers to the luxurious architectural style of Europe in the 17th and early 18th centuries.

Musicians use this term to generally describe the musical style of the same period.

Melody characteristics: Phrases vary in length and breath is long. Whether it is vocal music or instrumental music, the melody is unprecedentedly gorgeous and complex, with quite a lot of decorative sounds and progressive sound patterns. Like Renaissance melodies, the progression of the tune often has a figurative, symbolic character. What is striking is the clear harmonic nature of the melody.

Rhythm: It is mainly divided into two types: free rhythm and clear and regular rhythm. The former is used for recitatives, toccatas, preludes, etc., and the latter is used for arias, fugues, dances, etc., and will remain throughout a movement. These two rhythms are often used together, such as recitative and aria, prelude (or toccata) and fugue.

Mode: the major and minor system, which has replaced the "ecclesiastical mode" of the past.

Harmony: A complete functional harmony system of major and minor keys centered on dominant, subordinate and subordinate has been formed, using dissonances for tonal conversion and making the harmony dynamic and emotional. The invention of the twelve equal temperaments in the 17th century is closely related to the full development of the harmony system.

Thoroughbass: (thoroughbass, also known as figured bass or basso continuo)

A unique composition method in the Baroque period. Write a clear note in the bass part of the score of a keyboard instrument (usually a clavichord), and mark it with a number indicating the harmony above it (for example, the number 6 means that the note should have its sixth and third notes above it) . The player plays the bass and harmony according to this prompt, and the arrangement and texture of the chord's notes are chosen by the player.

Texture: Polyphonic texture occupies a dominant position, and its writing technology has reached an unprecedented peak. It differs from Renaissance polyphony in that it is counterpoint based on functional harmony. At the same time, there are also many works using the main tone texture.

Music form: Mainly based on multi-movement structures that contrast with each other in rhythm, speed, and style, such as suites, variations, concertos, cantatas, oratorios, etc. Preludes, fugues, oratorios are commonly used. The relationship between narration and aria. The internal structure of the polyphonic piece is a continuum written in an imitative manner (not segmented), but clear elements of presentation, development and representation can be seen. There are also segmented structures, variations, passacaglia and charcoal forms that are variations on the fixed bass melody.

Main music genres: Vocal music: Mass, motets, hymns, opera, oratorios, cantatas, Passions and various solo and choral pieces. Instrumental music: Toccata, prelude, fantasy, fugue, variations, suite, sonata (mainly solo sonata and trio sonata), concerto (orchestral concerto, concerto grosso, solo concerto).

Emotional characteristics: Maintain a basic emotion within a movement, and only form contrast between movements.

Dynamic performance: Instead of pursuing subtle changes in crescendo and decrescendo, a clearer "stepped intensity" is adopted.

Representative composers: George Frideric Handel (1685~1759), etc. Reference link:

Baroque Period-Baidu Encyclopedia