Cross talk

A folk rap art. Performed mainly verbally. It is a folk performing art form rooted in the folk, originating from life, and deeply welcomed by the masses. [1] [Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution Early development

The word crosstalk, from ancient times, originally meant imitating the words and deeds of others, and later developed into onomatopoeia. Onomatopoeia is also called next door onomatopoeia. Crosstalk originated from the folk rap art in North China and became popular in the Ming Dynasty. From the development of the Qing Dynasty to the early years of the Republic of China, onomatopoeia gradually developed from one person's imitation of ventriloquism to a stand-up joke, and the name was subsequently changed to cross talk. One type of stand-up comedy later gradually developed into multiple types of stand-up comedy, dialogue comedy, and group comedy, which were integrated into one and became a veritable cross talk. After years of development, dialogue comedy eventually became the most popular cross talk among the audience. form.

Zhang Sanlu is the earliest crosstalk artist recorded in writing. According to relevant records and speculations: Zhang Sanlu was originally an octagonal drum clown artist in Beijing, but later changed to cross talk. His artistic career began during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. In the book "Suiyuanyue", it is said: "Learning cross talk is like resurrecting Zhang Sanlu, and the copper mule wins three times and becomes as alive as a living person." But generally speaking, the cross talk circle calls Zhu Shaowen (Be Not Afraid of Poverty) their ancestor.

During the Anti-Japanese War, some crosstalk actors showed national integrity. Chang Baokun was arrested twice for satirizing the Japanese government. Zhang Shouchen publicly praised Ji Hongchang and others for their resistance to Japan and criticized the authorities' non-resistance policy. He also got into trouble for mocking the "cheap" police in Tianjin at that time.

Development in Mainland China

After 1949, a large number of actors represented by Hou Baolin who had been talking about cross talk since before the establishment of the Communist Party of China gradually transformed and transformed into The content of the cross talk has been modified to remove a large number of pornographic and satirical jokes about other people's physical defects. Crosstalk has rapidly become popular and has become a national and popular form of folk art. One of the reasons for the popularity of cross talk is that it is an art based on sound, which is suitable for the popular wireless broadcast as the main media. Crosstalk is called "the light cavalry on the literary and artistic front."

In addition to the reorganized traditional cross talk, there were many satirical cross talks in the early days, which satirized the "old society" or people with backward ideas in the new era. But due to the policies of the Communist Party, some people realized the need for cross talk praising socialism. During the General Line period in 1958, a group of singing crosstalk began to appear in large numbers. Among them, Ma Ji and others are the representative figures.

Despite this, during the subsequent Cultural Revolution, many crosstalk artists were suppressed, and crosstalk was once extinct in mainland China. Only some singing crosstalk could still be performed during the Cultural Revolution.

After the Cultural Revolution, cross talk quickly became popular. A large number of crosstalks that satirized the "Gang of Four", represented by Jiang Kun and Li Wenhua's "Photographed Like This" and Chang Baohua and Chang Guitian's "Hat Factory", quickly became popular. Crosstalks by Hou Baolin and others were also re-broadcast on radio stations.

In the 1980s, under the impact of the increasingly popular folk art form sketches, the simple form of cross talk was no longer favored by audiences who relied on television as the main communication media. Some new forms of cross talk, such as playing and singing cross talk, cross talk drama, etc., have been developed, but the market is still not large (at the same time, a large number of elements of cross talk have been absorbed into sketches). Despite this, crosstalk has achieved considerable development during this period: a new generation of actors has emerged, and new crosstalk jokes in various contents and forms have continued to appear on the stage, forming a "contemporary crosstalk" that is different from the previous ones. Whether they are jokes praising entertainment or criticizing current ills, there are many examples that are very popular with the public. In various literary and artistic occasions during this period, crosstalk was still the protagonist in entertaining the public.

Beginning in the mid-to-late 1990s, crosstalk began to gradually decline. New jokes became fewer and fewer, and popular ones were even rarer. Moreover, content that satirized current affairs became increasingly rare. The old-fashioned purely entertainment style crosstalk began to gradually occupy an absolutely mainstream position. At the same time, crosstalk actors, including many well-known actors, left the crosstalk stage and took up other jobs, but there were not many newcomers who could take over. The status of cross talk was gradually replaced by prosperous sketches.

At the beginning of the 21st century, cross talk in mainland China was in a state of lag: the older generation of artists died one after another, and the popular actors in the 1980s also showed their inability to develop cross talk; in order to focus on In the "National Crosstalk Competition" organized by Zhenxiangsheng, the new generation has never been flourishing. (China Central Television held four National Crosstalk Competitions on New Year's Day in 2002, New Year's Day in 2003, National Day in 2006, and May Day Golden Week in 2008. The first and second sessions were well received by the audience, and the third and fourth sessions were The cross talk competition was criticized as "a cross talk competition without cross talk". At the closing ceremony of the third cross talk competition, Ma Ji's cross talk "Learning Cross Talk" with hosts Zhou Tao and Bi Fujian became Ma Ji's last public cross talk performance. ) The future of cross talk is not favored by most people, but outside the media, many cross talk troupes that perform in traditional ways still retain a certain level of performance and have a considerable audience. You can hear excellent traditional cross talk in many small theaters and teahouses in Tianjin. Guo Degang, who also performed in the traditional teahouse style, suddenly became popular after 2005. Although it is different from the real teahouse cross talk, it still brought some recognition of tradition to the audience.

Development in Taiwan

In 1949, the Kuomintang government retreated to Taiwan, and a group of crosstalk actors also came to Taiwan. At that time, Wei Longhao (Wei Su) and Wu Zhaonan met and hosted cross talk programs together on China Broadcasting Corporation, Police Radio and other radio stations. Subsequently, starting in 1967, he began to collect materials and record "Crosstalk Collection", "Crosstalk Selections", "Crosstalk Captures" and "Crosstalk Gleaners".

Initially, the main audience for cross talk was people from other provinces, mainly military dependents’ villages. In recent years, the stage play "That Night We Talked about Crosstalk" (starring Li Liqun and Li Guoxiu) was launched in 1985 by the Performance Workshop (referred to as "Biao Workshop"), which caused a sensation.

Then, in 1989, "Biaofang" launched "Who will tell the cross talk this night?" "(starring Li Liqun, Jin Shijie, Chen Lihua), "Taiwan Strange Tales" (Li Liqun's stand-up comedy) was released in 1991, and "That Night, We Talked about Cross Talk" was released in 1993 (reinterpreted by Li Liqun and Feng Yigang), in 1997 "Another Night, They Talked about Crosstalk" (starring Feng Yigang, Zhao Ziqiang, and Bu Xueliang) was launched. In 2000, "Millennium Night, We Talked about Crosstalk" (starring Zhao Ziqiang, Jin Shijie, and Ni Minran) was released. Finally, in 2005, "This Night, Women Talk Crosstalk" (starring Fang Fang, Deng Chenghui, and Xiao Ai) was released.

In April 1988, Feng Yigang and Song Shaoqing formed the cross talk group Washe (who later joined Huang Shiwei) and started the creation and performance of stage dramas integrating the art of cross talk. On July 8, 2004, he assisted the "Can Act Theater Troupe" to launch its first work "Give Me a Tape".

In 1993, the Taipei Folk Art Troupe was established. In addition to cross talk, it also introduced many unique Chinese rap arts, such as Double Act, Shu Laibao, Kuaishu, Jingyun Dagu, Plum Blossom Dagu, Hexi Dagu, Danxian, Taiping Lyrics wait.

In 2004, Ni Minran co-starred with artists Xia Yi and Qian Demen in "The Big House with No Doors". In the same year, he and Ni Jiasheng and his son *** launched "No Big Novel Crosstalk", which was released in 2005 In May of that year, it won the Best Folk Art Album Award in the Traditional and Art Music Works Category at the 16th Golden Melody Awards.

Development in Malaysia and Singapore

After the Kuomintang Civil War, some performance groups from southern China went to Malaya to develop (Singapore and Malaysia were not yet independent at the time). Crosstalk artists Feng Xiang, Bai Yan and Lu Ding performed crosstalk in Malaysia and Singapore. Because of the unique multi-lingual environment in Malaysia and Singapore, "Malaysia-Singapore Crosstalk" is unique compared to "Mainland Crosstalk" and "Taiwan Crosstalk", but also because Chinese is not a mainstream language, there are very few professional actors in the Malaysia-Singapore crosstalk industry. . [Edit this paragraph] Classification of cross talk Cross talk can be divided into:

●Stand-up comedy

Length stand-up comedy, usually divided into several performances, is similar to storytelling, but More emphasis on jokes.

●Speaking crosstalk, the number of actors is 2

Male and female crosstalk, a type of crosstalk, the actors are one person and one funny

●Group crosstalk, The number of actors is more than 2

According to content and function classification, it can be divided into:

●Satirical cross talk: it can satirize oneself or others, such as Hou Baolin's "Night Journey" (Satire People who do not obey traffic rules), Jiang Kun's "Photographed Like This" (a satire on social phenomena during the Cultural Revolution)

●Praise-type cross talk: Mainly in mainland China, usually in line with government guidelines and policies. For example, Ma Ji's "New Peach Blossom Spring" (praising the new socialist countryside) and Hou Yaowen's "Beijing-Kowloon Romance" (praising the builders of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway).

●Entertainment crosstalk: "Speaking in Dialects", "Love Songs" and the like

According to the era of writing, it can be divided into:

●Traditional crosstalk: The late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China

●New cross talk: after 1949

●Contemporary cross talk: after the late 1980s [edit this paragraph] Four basic skills of artistic characteristics

Speaking, learning, teasing and singing are the four basic skills of a crosstalk actor.

●Speaking: Telling stories, as well as the way of speaking and foreshadowing.

●Learning: imitate various characters, dialects, and other sounds, and learn to sing famous pieces of opera. In modern times, people also learn to sing and dance.

●Funny: Make jokes.

●Singing: often considered to be opera and singing. In fact, "singing" refers to singing "Taiping lyrics".

Traditionally, crosstalk artists divide the basic skills of crosstalk into thirteen categories, including:

● Asking for money

● Beatboxing

●Shu Laibao

●Taiping Lyrics

●Baisha Sa Zi

●Stand-up comedy

●Funny

p>

●Praise

●Group talk

●Cross talk timid/poor speech

●Liu Huo

●Guan Mouth

●Opening Sing

Terminology

●Funny: "哏" refers to funny and funny words or expressions. Teasing means to make people laugh, and it refers to the actor responsible for making people laugh

●Pingtan: The actor who narrates the plot of the story in conjunction with "teasing" during the performance.

●Baggage: the jokes in the cross talk

●Liu Huo: a cross talk that focuses on singing (drama)

●Leg work: in the cross talk performance , in order to perform a drama, actors put on a little makeup, are subcontracted to play roles, enter the role to perform, and then exit to narrate the story.

●Guankou (live): A large section of coherent and rhythmic lines, exemplified by "The Big Bodyguard" and "Wenwenhui". There is a saying in the cross talk industry that "Wen is afraid of "Wenwenhui", Wu is afraid of "Wenwenhui" Afraid of "The Bodyguard".

●Xiekouhuo (Xiekouhuo): Use dialects or foreign languages ??to perform, such as: Tofu Hall, Shanxi Family Letter, etc.

●Hooking now (smashing and hanging): Picking up themes on the spot to cause laughter

Commonly used props

●Xingmu: Coming from storytelling, often in It is also used in long-form stand-up comedy.

●Folding fan: During the performance, it can be virtualized into other items: swords, guns and sticks ("The Great Bodyguard"), pens ("Yang Naiwu Writes a Complaint"), drumsticks ("Lotus Breathing from the Mouth"), etc.

●Handkerchief: can be used as a prop when putting on makeup, such as "Learning the Four Provinces", "Wu Song Fights the Tiger", "Catch and Release the Cao"

●Table, a commonly used prop in traditional cross talk . When performing cross talk, stand outside the table for fun and stand inside the table for fun. When performing Liuhuo, tables are used to distinguish the front and backstage and the upper and lower stages.

●Oiko: The musical instrument that accompanies the singing of Taiping lyrics, usually two bamboo boards.

[Edit this paragraph] Related performance forms● Double reed

● Beatboxing

● Opening chant

● Taiping lyrics Additional answer: Traditional cross talk

< p> "Looking for a church meeting", "Big bodyguard", "Article meeting", "Praising the residence", "Opening a porridge factory", "On the profession", "Reporting the name of the dish", "Geographical map", "Yellow Crane Tower" , "Eight Major Changes in Careers", "Eight Screens", "Three Myopias", "White Meeting", "Snatching Mandarin Jacket", "On Praising", "Tongue Twister", "Guan Gong Fights Qin Qiong", "Toad Drum", " "Fighting of Wisdom in the Golden Palace", "Pearl, Jade and White Jade Soup", "Shandong People's Fighting", "Fake Experts", "Vajra Legs", "Anti-Qikou", "Criticism of Liaozhai", "Criticism of the Three Kingdoms", "The Three-Character Classic", "The Four Books". "Han Xin Hits the Urn". "Little Immortal". "Reverse the Four Generations". "Throw the Donkey to Take Medicine". "Two Locust Trees". "Shuo Er Ye". "The Battle of Wisdom between the King and His Minister". "Yang Naiwu" "Writing a petition". "Spitting lotus flowers at the mouth". "Lighting with vinegar". "Selling five utensils". "Shaokang Festival calligraphy test". "Character image". "Big face". "Pull a cart". "Selling vegetables timidly". "Looking at the bones". "Greater longevity". "Eight Screens". "Pairs". "Wax Skewers". "Persian Cat". "Training Disciples". "Old Old Age". "Wotou Lun". "Wrong Review of Hundreds of Surnames". "Five Hundred Drama Titles". "Foreign Money Typhoid". "Thieves Speak". "Sanjiehui". "Ministry of Government". "Wheat Field" ."The matchmaker with a clever mouth"."Yang Shubiao"."Shooting Liu Hanchen"."Bai Zongwei falls from the building"."Boiled persimmons"."Selling cloth heads"."Looking for the five elements"."Huang Banxian"."Returning to the boat after a storm"."Suffering from the sun" "Three Risks". "Yellow Crane Tower". "Catch and Release Cao". "Playing Lantern Riddles". "Antique King". "Selling Tickets". "Han Fuqu's Speech". "Master Zhu". "Fenhe Bend". "Kangxi "Private visit". "Opening thatched hut". "Eating dumplings". "Uncovering tiles". "Verse of limerick". "Porridge picker". "Drama fans celebrate birthday". "Drama fans smash casseroles". "Drama fans enter the bridal chamber". "Idiot's article" "A Fool's Birthday Wishes". "Ji Xiaolan". "Pictures of One Hundred Beasts". "Xiao Zhuge Testing Characters". "Shandong Paotang". "Shanxi Family Letters". "Buy Appraisal Clothes". "Three Nature People". "On Buying and Selling". "The Cowardly Running Hall". "The Fool Enters the City". "Stealing the Ax". "The Cowardly Follower". "Reading the Sacrifice". "Daoguang Eats Hot Noodles". "Five People's Righteousness". "Baby Brother". "Poems in Praise of Horses". " "Three Lame Son-in-law". "Three Weird Son-in-law". "Eating Watermelon". "Little Naughty". "Second Sister Wang Misses Her Husband". "Zhang Fei Climbs a Tree". "Drinking Order". "Learning the Four Appearances". "Learning the Four Provinces" ."Learning Bangzi"."Yutangchun"."Four Famous Dandans"."Training Zi"."Selling Medicinal Candies"."Money Fans Returning Home"."Cutting the Cake Stand"."Learning Manchu"."Shy to Take a Bath" ."Play Fans Parading the Streets". "Martial Arts Disciples". "Learning Beijing Dialect". "Play Fans Turn". "Improved Tie Dolls". "Telling Dreams". "Quack Doctors". "Brother-in-law Plays with Aunt". "Selling Loess". "Zenghe Bridge". "Asking for Directions". "Sheltering from the Rain". "Jargon". "Talking Big Words". "On Keba". "Birthday on Mid-Autumn Festival". "Taboo words". "Going for matchmaking". "Buying a gold pen". "Jiangnan Siege". "Borrowing a sedan chair". "Asking for military pay". "Nine Head Cases" (Note: The second half of this traditional cross talk has been lost, and the first half remains. Part). "Counting Lai Bao". "Learning to Sing Counting Lai Bao". "Sitting Opposite to Count Lai Bao". "Looking for Chen Gong". "Shandong Erhuang". "Crying Four Out". "Oolong Yuan". "Learning Chinese Opera". "Learning Zhuozi". "Learning Dagu". "Learning to Sing Taiping Lyrics". "Learning English". "Drums and Trumpets". " "Outside Eight Fans". "On Friends". "Sages' Sorrows". "Passing Money". "Cowardly Fortune Telling". "On Gambling". "Anyway". "Cornucano". "Population Counting". "Busy at Both Ends". " "Twisted Mouth". "Improved Number of Treasures". "Selling Horses". "Famen Temple". "Borrowing Arrows from Thatched Boats". "Battle in Changsha". "Visiting Friends with Qin". "Ox". "Twenty-Four Filial Piety". "Du Shiniang". "The God's Child". "A Lifelong Confusion". "One Wife and One Concubine". "It'll be fine once we're familiar with it." "Matchmaking". "Dali Pill". "Somersaults". "The Emperor's Choice of Tombs" ". "Twelve Ques". "The Stove Lord". "The Legend of White Snake". "Fake Essay". "Borrowing the Fire". "Brother and Sister Couple". "Meng Jiangnu". "Jing Shui". "Nouveau riche". "Housework" "Things". "Cixi Enters the Palace". "Learning Jargon". "Yellow and White Fatty". "September Nine". "The King of Hell Asks for a Doctor". "Looking at Grapes". "Chengzui Yamen". "Brother". "Confucian Temple". "Double-syllable characters". "Sitting upside down on the Avalokitesvara". "Shaving eyebrows". "Dongpo fish". "Whisps". "Helping the cook". "Writing couplets". "Dou Gongxun"

"Female". "Promoted to Three Levels in a Row". "Astronomy". "Grand Marriage". "Learning from Xihe". "Title". "Golden Tortoise and Iron Armor". "Stupid Fool Learns Good Behavior". "Fighting the Lantern Festival". "Answering Wrong Questions". "Tree "No Leaves". "Presenting the Map". "Exposing the Ugly". "The Apprentice". "Luo Cheng Plays Diao Chan". "Missing Kong Zhan". "Yingtai Revision". "Learning Peking Opera". "Five Line Poems". "Cockscomb". ". "Crying as a ticket". "Words of favor". "Pearl rolling curtain". "Wuxing Tower". "Hong Luan Xi". "Eating moon cakes". "Passing the Pass". "Southern Dialect". "Story Riddles". " "On Superstition". "Temple of the Heavenly King". "Snatching Workers' Skins". "Miscellaneous Singing". "Millionaires". "On Crying". "Slippery Oil Mountain". "History of the Beloved". "Marriage in a Dream". "Burning" "Bone Chronicles". "Meeting the Queen". "Four Administrations and Four Jurisdictions". "Hongyang Cave". "Southern Playing Northern Strings". "Broken Strings". "Wu Song Fights Tigers". "Dialect Mistakes". "Xianzi Shu". "Jianghukou". "Eight Auspicious Things". "Jealousy". etc.

Modern Crosstalk

"Deja Vu", "Eighty-one Floors", "Buying a Monkey", "Fishing", "Night Journey", "Training Disciples", "Five Senses Competing for Merit", "Tiger's Mouth Reverie", "Thieves Company", "The Secret Language of Rats", "Hard to Say Mandarin", "True and False", "Meat Rotten in the Pot", etc. Zhang Wenshun [1938.10.17-2009.2.16], the first member of Beijing Folk Art Troupe, studied under Mr. Tong Dafang. Fu learned the funny drum from Mr. Ji Donggua Ye Delin. After retirement, he partnered with Guo Degang to perform traditional cross talk, and together with Guo Degang and Li Jing, he founded the Beijing Deyun Crosstalk Art Research Club, which was later renamed Beijing Deyun Club. Guo Degang and Li Jing were the first three actors of the Deyun Club. His style of comedy is humorous and subtle, and he is unique. Over the years, he has discovered, preserved, and performed many traditional stand-up comics that are on the verge of being lost. Because of cross talk, he suffered from tonsillitis and throat paralysis all year round. The development history of Beijing Deyun Society will always be recorded with the great achievements made by the founding father, Mr. Zhang Wenshun, with his unremitting efforts. At 5:25 a.m. on February 16, 2009, Zhang Wenshun died at the Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital at the age of 71.