There are various ethnic groups and folk music in the world. A nation is a relatively stable homogeneity of people, a group of people united by similarities in blood, life, language, religion, customs, etc. There are as many music cultures as there are nations in the world. Nation and music culture are inseparable. A nation creates its own music culture, and at the same time, they are also enjoying their own music culture. It is precisely because of these national music cultures that the world's national music is formed.
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#{dkW2T+1 The necessity of learning the world’s folk music
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L> j*S?S2 When I was studying piano since I was a child, I was basically exposed to music from European music circles such as Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. Therefore, I was instilled with a deep knowledge of Western music culture and was somewhat biased toward "Eurocentricity." , but don’t know much about national music, especially the national music of various countries in the world. Now in the 21st century, the advancement of science, the convenience of transportation, and the smooth flow of information have made the world smaller and smaller. People around the world are increasingly interacting with each other, and people urgently need to understand and collaborate with each other. There is a good saying: "Only what belongs to the nation belongs to the world." The world needs to understand China, and China needs to understand the world. As contemporary music learners and future music educators, we must first expand our horizons and observe and study music from a global visual perspective.
2+yyu*rk in Taiwan in 1996 at the first academic seminar of the World Ethnomusic Society with the theme of "World Ethnic Music and China" Scholar Dr. Zhao Qin pointed out in an article titled "My "World Music" Education Concept and Practice - Exploring the Teaching and Dissemination of "World Music" from the New Trend of Global Music": "World Music" knowledge has become a necessity, and we The practice of music education should break the traditional concept, so that students can know the awareness of the "big world" beyond the "world" in front of them, and have the concept of enjoying world music. The cultural phenomenon of "global perspective" has become the trend of music education in the 21st century. Facing the turning point of music values ????and music education, cultivating citizens to understand the music culture of different nations has become a top priority. <}kX$>\D Chen Mingdao, a professor at the China Conservatory of Music, also proposed in his introduction to the teaching of "World Folk Music" at the China Conservatory of Music: "Students must learn in a diverse background. We must create an educational philosophy that enables students to recognize that all races of humanity contribute to humanity. The combination of painting and painting has been fruitful M/Yz'o-z 6c8k", EG? In recent decades, advanced technical means have been used to conduct research on national music and dance around the world. Through recording and photography, we have obtained a large amount of precious information. In this way, in the study of world ethnic music, we can not only understand the traditional music culture of various ethnic groups in the world from books, but also watch a large amount of audio and video materials, which makes us more intuitive. Develop a general concept and view of world music culture ODF@?{ z +SE4`F Wang Yaohua. In his book "Introduction to World Ethnic Music", based on the style and characteristics of the music of various ethnic groups in the world, and with reference to factors such as geography, history, culture and society, he divided the world's ethnic music into the following nine music cultural areas, namely: East Asia Music and Culture Area, Southeast Asia Music and Culture Area, South Asia Music and Culture Area, West Asia and North Africa (including Central Asia) Music and Culture Area, Black African Music and Culture Area, European Music and Culture Area, North American Music and Culture Area, Latin American Music and Culture Area, Oceania Music Cultural areas, etc. Each of these music cultural areas can also be subdivided. For example, Southeast Asia can be divided into sub-musical cultural areas such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Black Africa can be divided into, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, South Africa, etc. gyc3 @g 0.}@iRZ It was my first time to come into contact with traditional music from so many countries. Just like foreigners watching Chinese operas, I was also dumbfounded and dazzled. How? Systematically appreciating these cultural treasures has become the first problem we need to solve. We need to make corresponding comparisons of each music culture area from a diversified global perspective based on various factors such as politics, economy, culture, geography, history, etc. of each country. ,Summarize. Each music culture area has its own characteristics. After summarizing, compare them. Only in this way can the learning be more systematic and effective. After studying the world's ethnic music, I used ethnomusicological research methods to summarize and generalize each music culture area. It can be said that it has been fruitful. Take several very distinctive cultural areas as examples, such as: GlKFB< Rb ~ NmT) The East Asian music and culture area includes China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Mongolia. As the center of music culture, China is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years. The ancient and profound traditional Chinese music culture has a profound influence on this region. In history, whether North Korea, South Korea, or Japan, they have all received Chinese influence in terms of musical instruments, music theory, music, music types, and tunes. Due to the differences in national psychology, philosophical foundation, and aesthetic taste between Eastern and Western nations, music also has the characteristics of Eastern style, that is, simple and elegant horizontal melody beauty. It is manifested in the form of music: 1) Freedom and regularity in rhythm. Free rhythms include: Chinese "folk songs" and Mongolian "long tunes"; regular rhythms include: Chinese "minor tunes" and North Korean "short tunes." 2) Use the pentatonic scale and pentatonic melody. For example, China often uses "Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu", while Japan uses the "chromatic pentatonic scale" with "Qing Jiao" added. 3) The progressive development pattern of the melody. The "start, slow, middle, fast, and break" of Chinese Qin music, the "start, slow, middle, fast, and break" of Chinese opera, and the Japanese "preface, break, rush", "start, succession, and transition" ", knot", all belong to the musical form structure principles that emphasize the gradual change of the past and the future. 4) Polyphonic melody and single-line melody coexist. In some ethnic minorities in China and Mongolia, multi-voice combinations also appear, which are similar to polyphony, but are dominated by the main tone style. In addition to the above characteristics, the music of East Asian countries also embodies the Eastern music aesthetics of "focusing on freehand brushwork and realism in freehand brushwork". This creative method is reflected in the stage movements of the characters. UWbGNgn) o`f(8QmLNk The Southeast Asian music and culture area includes Indochina, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore and islands in the mainland of the Malay Peninsula Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Timor and other countries and regions in the region have historically accepted a variety of religions and cultures from China, India, Europe and other countries and regions, and the development of their classical arts and traditional music came from them. Influenced by China and India, and in the long-term practice process, it has formed its own unique style and characteristics. Southeast Asia is also called the "Gong Culture" area because the residents here like to play bronze and bamboo instruments. It produces simple, fresh and steady music. Its music characteristics are: 1) It is mainly composed of two beats and four beats, with little difference in strength and weakness, and the music is stable and calm. 2) Mainly based on the "Seven Equal Temperament", there are also other musical scales of each ethnic group. 3. In the musical texture, subtle interweaving is added between the performances of musical instruments to produce a polyphonic layering effect. Such as: Indonesian Gamelan Band. ~BibWe?b OvK:\]B Black African music and culture area includes North Africa, Central Africa, West Africa, South Africa, and East Africa, where music and all aspects of daily life , the entire life process from birth to death is closely related. Some of their music is combined with religion, but also has a simple and secular side. No matter which aspect, its melody, rhythm and singing method all show remarkable characteristics. 1) In terms of melody, the melody trend is unique with natural portamento and ornamentation, and the scales are even more colorful (due to the use of portamento during singing, there are many changes in the notes). 2) In terms of timbre, black people have a very unique timbre, and the emotions they express often leave a deep impression on people. 3) In terms of singing methods, solo singing, chorus singing, and unison singing usually alternate with each other, and are characterized by a call-and-response form. 4) Rhythm. The biggest feature of African black music is their innate good and rich sense of rhythm. They use various percussion instruments to produce complex and rich rhythms and beats. The rhythms of these African branches of African American music are generally based on two beats, but they are not as simple and rigid as marches. It is usually a mixed rhythm with two, three, or even more than three rhythm patterns overlapping at the same time, and syncopation is constantly added to produce a vibrant rhythm. Drums are an indispensable part of black music. They are the basis of musical rhythm and a tool for musical language expression. For example, they can serve as a "speaking" tool, that is, "drum language." For example, among the Akan people in Ghana, husbands are used to using drum language to praise their wives at dances; drum language can also be used to announce a person's birth, death, marriage, etc. 6xXI $RD$G9 It can be seen that a country with a profound history and traditional culture must have its own highly developed music system. Its melody, mode, melody, rhythm, musical form, genre, musical instrument, band, singing method, timbre, music performance method, music function, aesthetics... etc. all have special marks, so even a foreigner can It is easy to identify the musical style of that country just by looking at it. >FIU0"o OaUkMRT3 Looking back on the past and looking forward to the future 2=if4=yuR Y@rL in September 1996 The first academic seminar of the World Ethnomusic Society with the theme of "World Ethnic Music and China" was held. Chen Mingdao, Guan Jianhua, Chen Ziming, Du Yaxiong, Zu Zhensheng, etc. participated in this meeting and delivered important topics and advocated Examine the world's ethnic music from a diversified perspective and advocate providing a broader development space for world ethnic music education. 2L7dT<|IbJ 4olUqE September 2 to 5, 2005. On the 2nd, the Second World Ethnic Music Symposium was grandly held. Nearly 120 ethnomusicologists and composers from research institutions across the country, experts and scholars from the United States, Congo, Taiwan and other places, as well as guests from all walks of life gathered at the Central Music Center. The college participated in this event. At this meeting, Chen Ziming mentioned that famous universities and research institutes in Europe, the United States, and Japan have offered courses on world ethnic music, and some schools have also offered performance courses. Regarding the courses of national musical instruments in various countries around the world, the United States also stipulates that diversified music courses should be established starting from the beginning of primary school music education. However, in our country, only a few music and art colleges and normal universities offer such courses to engage in this subject. The research team only has a few dozen people, and the research topics are very limited. Many areas are still empty no-man's land, and there are no traces of Chinese musicians. Therefore, it can be said that this subject has not received the attention it deserves in our country, which is inconsistent with China's. The status of a major country is completely disproportionate. At the same time, suggestions on how to further develop world ethnic music are put forward. %f{XFg |U :ghrTmXwWorld ethnic music is an emerging discipline in the 21st century. , grasping this subject means grasping the future, and you will become a participant in the new trend. When we study world folk music today, we must have the mind to "be at the top of the mountain and see the small mountains at a glance" and broaden our horizons. , use a diversified perspective to examine the world's ethnic music, cultivate our more scientific music values, and carry forward this learning method in the future. I believe that the prospects of the world's ethnic music will be brighter with the efforts of our generation!