What is the history of roses?

There is an ancient legend about roses that connects the reproduction of human beings with the fate of roses. According to this legend, both humans and roses originated in Central Asia. In order to occupy the world, a large number of human beings left their birthplace and rushed to all directions. Each person carries a rose with him in different colors, including white, red, pink and yellow. As humans have multiplied and multiplied all over the world, roses bloomed wherever people lived. Roses and people go hand in hand. China has a long history in the cultivation and utilization of roses. Pingyin County, Jinan City, Shandong Province began artificial cultivation of roses as early as the Tang Dynasty. It has a history of more than 1,300 years. Pingyin roses are known for their large flowers. It is known as the "Oiran of Roses in the World" due to its gorgeous color, rich aroma, high oil yield and excellent quality. Rose Town in Pingyin County was named "Hometown of Roses in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1996. How to make crystal roses

Divide the kneaded flour dough into several portions of small dough, and then knead the small dough into pieces similar to the shape of petals, but be careful to better ensure the shape of the petals. , you can apply an appropriate amount of vegetable oil on your fingers before pinching, and then pinch the pinched petals layer by layer into one. However, when pinching the petals, please note that the thickness and width of different layers of petals are different. , so that the final flowers will look good.

Steaming:

Place the prepared flowers in the steamer, but you can add some edges to the petals before putting them in the steamer. Apply a layer of oil to the bottom of the flower, so that the steaming effect will be better. Generally, wait until the water in the pot boils before placing the steamer on top of the pot. Because the petals are relatively thin, they may deform if steamed for a long time. Steaming in this way can achieve a good plasticizing effect. Generally, it will be ready after about 15 minutes, and a delicious and beautiful dish will be completed. What is the distribution and habit of roses?

Rose is a temperate tree species. It is cold-resistant and drought-resistant. It has no strict soil requirements. It can grow in slightly alkaline soil. It grows and blooms best on neutral or slightly acidic light loam soil that is rich in humus and well-drained. It likes light best. , grows poorly in the shade, has few flowers, and is intolerant to stagnant water. If it is waterlogged, the lower leaves will yellow and fall, with strong tillering ability and rapid growth.

Cultivation methods:

Rose cultivation: Roses love light and sunshine, and are resistant to severe cold and drought. They do not need special protection and anti-freeze in winter in the north. As long as there are no severe droughts, they can grow without watering (referring to soil cultivation). The soil is generally relatively fertile. The soil will allow vigorous growth, luxuriant branches, and good flowering. Fertilize frequently in the summer, once every 15 to 20 days, and water in time after fertilization to prevent seedlings from burning. Prune in autumn to prevent excessive growth. The flowering and plant shape pictures of roses [5] are beautiful. Roses are prone to aphids, so pay attention to their prevention and control sumskm. , slightly acidic soil is also acceptable. Therefore, roses should be planted in fertile loam soil in fields and fields with good ventilation, sunshine, and good drainage. Roses should avoid low-lying areas prone to waterlogging. When waterlogging occurs, the lower leaves will turn yellow and fall off, and the entire plant will die. The flower buds and germination of roses require an average temperature of above 7 degrees, and an effective accumulated temperature of 365 degrees from the initial stage of germination to the flowering stage. Generally, it depends on the temperature at that time. During the rose flowering period, dry hot winds and soil droughts are most avoided, and fields with water conservancy conditions are the most avoidable. The block can be irrigated once during the bud stage. During the production and development process of roses, there are two periods of growth stop (generally called aestivation from June to July; hibernation from November to December). At this time, the branches will not sprout and the branches will not elongate. The aestivation period is the best pruning period for flowering seedlings. During the hibernation period, you can apply base fertilizer and fill with overwintering water to lay the foundation for stable and high yield of flower buds in the coming year.

,,, What is the beginning of the roses with ribbons

: mf08./y/v/v8/200808/116218.

This is Video, it is easy to understand the steps of growing roses in QQ Farm?

Roses germinate in 3 hours, small leaves in 3 hours, large leaves in 4 hours, flower buds in 5 hours to bloom

One *** 18 hours

Pounds What is the history like?

The pound sterling is the standard currency unit of the United Kingdom and is issued by the Bank of England. The auxiliary currency units were originally Shiling and Penny, 1 pound was equal to 20 shillings, and 1 shilling was equal to 12 pence. On February 15, 1971, the Bank of England implemented a new currency rounding system, and the auxiliary currency unit was changed to New Penny, 1 pound is equal to 100 new pennies; currently, the banknotes in circulation are 5, 10, 20 and 50 pound denominations, as well as 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 new pennies and 1 pound of coinage.

The United Kingdom officially adopted the gold standard in 1821, and the pound became the standard monetary unit of the United Kingdom. Each pound contains 7.32238 grams of pure gold. When World War I broke out in 1914, Britain abolished the gold standard, gold coins stopped circulating, and Britain stopped converting gold. On May 13, 1925, Britain implemented the gold nugget standard. Later, due to the world economic crisis, in September 1931 It was forced to give up on the 21st, and the pound evolved into a banknote that could not be redeemed; however, due to the need for exchange control, the gold content of the pound was still stipulated as 3.58134 grams on December 18, 1946.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the pound had been the most important international means of payment and reserve currency in the capitalist world. After World War I, the pound's international reserve currency status tended to decline and was gradually replaced by the U.S. dollar. ; During the outbreak of World War II, the United Kingdom implemented strict foreign exchange controls and fixed the pound exchange rate at 1 pound to 4.03 U.S. dollars; on July 15, 1947, the United Kingdom announced that the pound would be freely convertible. Due to the rapid loss of foreign exchange reserves, Exchange controls were restored in August of the same year; in September 1949, the British announced a 30.5% devaluation of the pound, devaluing the pound against the US dollar to US$2.80. On November 18, 1967, the pound devalued again, with the exchange rate against the US dollar falling to US$2.40. The gold content of the pound also dropped to 2.13281 grams; after the U.S. dollar implemented a floating exchange rate on August 15, 1971, the pound began to determine its price against the U.S. dollar based on the unchanged gold content. After the U.S. dollar officially devalued on December 18 of the same year, the new exchange rate of the pound against the U.S. dollar The official exchange rate appreciated to 2.6057 US dollars per pound. The actual exchange rate can float within the range of 1 pound to 2.5471 U.S. dollars to 2.6643 U.S. dollars, with a fluctuation of about 4.5%; on March 19, 1973, eight Western European countries formed a joint floating group, but the United Kingdom did not participate and continued to float independently; in January of the following year, the pound The real exchange rate system became a managed floating exchange rate mechanism. In the same year, the pound area shrank to include only the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Cayman Islands and the Channel Islands. The gold reserves issued by the pound were at least equivalent to more than 2.65 billion pounds. On October 8, 1990, the pound joined the European Monetary System, and its control over the monetary system The fluctuation range of various currency exchange rates is 6%; on September 16, 1992, the United Kingdom announced that the pound would temporarily leave the European Monetary System. What is the history of New Year's Day?

Hello, the encyclopedia is very detailed, please see: baike.baidu./view/3116.htm

Development history! What is the history of the Tang Dynasty?

The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history and recognized as one of China's most prosperous eras. Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in 618, with Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) as the capital, and later Luoyang as the eastern capital. During its heyday in the 7th century AD, the desert areas of Central Asia were also dominated by it.

In 690, Wu Zetian changed the name of the country from "Tang" to "Zhou" and moved the capital to Luoyang. It was called Wuzhou in history, also known as "Southern Zhou" until 705 when Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty restored the name of the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty gradually declined after the Anshi Rebellion in the 14th year of Tianbao (755). In 907, King Liang (Zhu Wen) usurped the throne and perished. The Tang Dynasty lasted for 289 years and passed down 20 emperors (including Wu Zetian, it was 21 emperors). . Tang Dynasty had brilliant achievements in culture, politics, economy, diplomacy and other aspects, and was one of the most powerful countries in the world at that time. In terms of culture, the political systems and cultures of East Asian neighboring countries at that time, including Silla, Balhae and Japan, were also greatly influenced by it. In terms of military affairs, after the Northern Wei Dynasty defeated the Rouran Battle, the Tang Dynasty once again achieved a huge military victory in the Central Plains Dynasty against the desert tribes. In terms of economy, by the time of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the economy of the Tang Dynasty had far surpassed that of Byzantium and Arabia at the same period. The country name "Tang" is the ancient name of Jin, which generally refers to the central area of ??present-day Shanxi Province. Legend has it that the monarch Yao was known as the "Tao Tang" clan. During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a small country called Tang in what is now Hubei Province. Li Hu, the grandfather of Li Yuan, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was one of the Eight Pillar States of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. He served with meritorious service and was posthumously named "Tang Guogong". The title was passed to Li Yuan. After the Sui Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty, Lei Guan stayed in Taiyuan. After the army started, Li Yuan called himself "Tang Guogong". King", later deposed the Sui Emperor Yang You and established the "Tang" Dynasty. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty founded by Li Cunxu of the Five Dynasties and the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Ten Kingdoms both claimed to be the successors of the Tang Dynasty and used "Tang" as their country name. In fact, their emperor had no blood relationship with the Tang Dynasty. The Li family of the Tang Dynasty royal family claimed to be from Zhaojun, a Han nationality. At the same time, the Li family was also a military aristocrat in Longxi. The Li family in Longxi has been a famous military family in China since the Qin Dynasty. This family has produced famous generals such as Li Guang, the flying general of the Western Han Dynasty. However, some people doubt this statement and believe that the Li family of the Tang Dynasty royal family is of Xianbei descent. The "Old Book of Tang" and "New Book of Tang" state that the Li family of the Tang Dynasty royal family is the descendant of Laozi Li Er, and Li Hao, the founding monarch of Xiliang in the Sixteen Kingdoms, is also his distant ancestor. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, following the Guanlong Group's standard policy, the Li family name was changed to "Daye family", which was a newly created surname. After the fall of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was restored to the Li family. The Tang Dynasty, together with the Sui Dynasty, is considered by historian Huang Renyu to be the second imperial period of China following the Qin and Han Dynasties. Japanese historians generally believe that the Tang Dynasty is the end of China's "Middle Ages" period. The national power of the Tang Dynasty was one of the best in Chinese history, so the Chinese are also called "Tang people", and the places where Chinese people live in the West today are also called "Chinatowns". What is the history of the flute?

Instrument name: Flute

Original key of the instrument: C.

Apply clef: treble clef, notation without transposition.

Practical range: one group of C in small characters - four groups of C in small characters.

Structural components: pipe body (including blow section, main section and tail section) and key system.

Materials used: Ordinary type: seamless nickel silver tube, professional type: hard real silver.

Instrument characteristics: fresh, thorough, and cold in tone. The treble is lively and bright, and the bass is beautiful and pleasant. It is widely used in orchestras and military bands.

The flute (Flute) is a hole-blown air-sounding instrument, widely used in modern orchestras, sometimes in military music, and often used for solos and ensembles. Its family includes piccolo, soprano flute, alto flute, bass flute, etc., among which B?hme's C-key standard flute is its representative. The flute is a high-pitched instrument in the woodwind section of the orchestra. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, various playing methods, rich expressiveness, and strong affinity with string, woodwind, and brass instruments. Generally, a symphony orchestra uses at least three instruments, with the third instrument also serving as piccolo, and for larger instruments, alto flute is added. As a solo instrument, the flute can be played without accompaniment, such as J.S. Bach's "Sonata in A Minor". There are also many solo pieces and concertos with piano, harp, guitar or orchestra accompaniment. In chamber music, the flute is added to the oboe, clarinet, and bassoon to form a wind quartet; the French horn is added to form a wind quintet. In addition, there are various combinations. For example, W.A. Mozart wrote three flute quartets, replacing the first violin with a flute and adding small, medium and cello.

There are also many combinations of the flute family. In modern works, piccolo is added, and high, alto, and bass flutes are combined into long flute quintets, sextets, and decets.

The flute has been around for centuries, and its history can even be traced back to ancient Egypt, when it was just a clay pipe with holes in it that was blown vertically. It was originally invented and created by the Germans Luli (1633-1687) and Handel (1685-1765), and was called the German flute. By Haydn's time (1732-1809), the flute had become a regular instrument in symphony orchestras. At the beginning of the 19th century, with the key device invented by Theobald Boehm (later also used for clarinet, oboe and bassoon, etc.), the flute completed its final shape.

The flute has a soft and clear tone and a wide range: the middle and high ranges are as bright as the first ray of sunshine in the morning; the low range is as graceful as the icy moonlight; and is good at coloratura, with gorgeous and diverse playing techniques, and is often used in symphony orchestras. It serves as the main melody and is an important solo instrument.

There are many types of flutes. In addition to the common ordinary C-key flutes, there are also D-flat and E-flat flutes, G-key tenor flutes, C-key bass flutes, etc., but they are less commonly used.

Its family, the horizontal flute, was first introduced to Europe from Asia in the 12th century. It looks like a Chinese flute (a muffled flute without a membrane) and was continuously improved over about 600 years to become a modern flute. During the Middle Ages, early keyless flutes were used primarily for military music. By the mid-17th century, it had become an important musical instrument, used in operas and court orchestras. The first major improvement of the flute was completed in the late 17th century by the French woodwind instrument maker J. Ottertail and his family. The more important fundamental reform was made by T. B?hm in Munich in the early 1830s.

Structure and pronunciation principle The flute is a wooden or metal tubular body with a total length of 62 cm. The flute head is closed, the stopper is about 5 cm away from the end of the pipe, and the flute tail is open. In order to facilitate portability and tuning, it is composed of 2 or 3 sections of plug-in connection. The flute body is a cylinder with an inner diameter of 1.9 cm. From the point where it is connected to the flute body, its inner diameter tapers to 1.71 cm from the plug. With the center 1.7 cm away from the plug head, an elliptical blow hole is opened, and the blow hole cover is covered with the same elliptical hole, which is connected to the blow hole so that the cover surface and the hole wall form an acute angle. The air flow hits this edge and stimulates the edge to sound. There are a number of keyholes in the wall of the tube. Use your fingertips to control the opening and closing of the key to change the length of the tube and produce different pitches.

Sound range The sound range of the ancient six-hole transverse flute is only more than two octaves. After many improvements, in the early 19th century it was d1~a3, with a complete chromatic scale. Boehm flute expansion set is c1~d4. Modern composers have higher requirements. Flute production has become increasingly sophisticated, fingerings have been innovative, and professional flutes have longer tails that can go down to the B sound. This is related to playing overtones such as #f4. Therefore, the current range expansion kit is b~#f4, with a maximum of 44 semitones.

The bass area b~c2 has a rich and mellow timbre, but its penetration is relatively weak; the midrange area d2~#c3 has a clear and smooth timbre; the treble area d3~b3 has a bright timbre and strong penetrating power; The ultra-treble range c4~#f4 has sharp tone and strong penetrating power. Modern works sometimes use staccato to play for special effects.

To perform, hold the flute with both hands, sit or stand, and use a mixed breathing method of the chest and abdomen. The lips form a certain basic mouth shape, and the airflow concentrates on the 75° acute angle formed by the mouthpiece cover and the hole wall to produce sound. Its special techniques include: ① Overtone: Use a relaxed mouth shape to overblow the octave, twelfth, and fifteenth to produce a clear sound effect similar to that of a string instrument; ② Portamento: The fingers gradually slide closed on the keyhole to achieve upward glide and Slide the note effect; ③ Hum at the same time: hum while playing the flute; ④ Simulate percussion: quickly tap the keys and make a smacking "click" sound in your mouth to produce a simulated percussion sound effect; ⑤ Howl playing method : Hold the whole mouthpiece in your mouth, blow a lot of air quickly, and at the same time move your fingers quickly according to the music score to create a whistling effect; ⑥ Simulate a brass instrument: press the lips close to the mouthpiece, open a small hole to blow air, and the sound is like a trumpet. The various playing methods mentioned above can produce special effects and are often widely used in avant-garde music.

Application and repertoire The flute is a high-pitched instrument in the woodwind section of the orchestra. It has beautiful timbre, wide range, various playing methods, rich expression, and strong affinity with string, woodwind, and brass instruments. Generally, a symphony orchestra uses at least three instruments, with the third instrument also serving as piccolo, and for larger instruments, alto flute is added. As a solo instrument, the flute can be played without accompaniment, such as J.S. Bach's "Sonata in A Minor". There are also many repertoires including solos and concertos with piano, harp, guitar or orchestra accompaniment. In chamber music, the flute is added to the oboe, clarinet, and bassoon to form a wind quartet; the French horn is added to form a wind quintet. In addition, there are various combinations. For example, W.A. Mozart wrote three flute quartets, using the flute to replace the first violin and adding small, medium and cello. There are also many combinations of the flute family. In modern works, piccolo is added, and high, alto, and bass flutes are combined into long flute quintets, sextets, and decets.

Great composers of all ages have created flute repertoire, such as Bach's 6 sonatas, 3 "Brandenburg Concertos", "Suite in B Minor"; L.van Beethoven's "B Major" Sonatas"; Mozart's 3 concertos; A. Vivaldi's 13 concertos; G.P. Telemann's 12 fantasies; G.F. Del's 7 sonatas; J. Haydn's concertos and 3 sonatas.

The flute repertoire of Chinese composers mainly includes He Luting's "Youth", "Shepherd Boy Piccolo", Tian Paulo's sonata "Morning" and Huang Huwei's "Song of the Tianshan Mountains".

Flute family Piccolo, a more commonly used small flute. The pipe length is only half that of the flute, and is often used by the third flutist in symphony orchestras. The piccolo is in the key of C, with a range of d2 to c5. The notation is the same as the flute, but the actual pronunciation is an octave higher, making it the highest-pitched instrument among all wind instruments. The sound is sharp, bright and penetrating. In terms of orchestration, no matter how big the band is, using one is enough to expand the sound range of the kit and increase its depth capabilities. Especially important for brass bands. Often used in joyful and enthusiastic scenes. In the victory march of the final movement of Beethoven's "Fifth Symphony", it is used to increase the spirit of standing tall and moving forward courageously. In the fourth movement of his Sixth Symphony, the piccolo is used to depict the scene of thunder and lightning. □.П. Mussorgsky used it in his symphonic poem "Night on Barren Mountain" to describe the eerie cries of demons dancing around.

The solo pieces written for piccolo include Vivaldi’s 4 concertos.

Alto flute, a G-tuned flute created by B?hm in 1854. The basic shape is to enlarge and lengthen the flute in the key of C, with the fingerings unchanged. The G key flute is 82.75 cm long, has an inner diameter of 2.6 cm, and has a musical range of g to c3. The pronunciation is rich and sweet, sonorous and powerful, consistent from pp to ff, and sounds quite like a French horn. It plays an important role in chamber music, ensemble and symphony.

Bass flute, in the key of C, is one octave lower than the standard flute. The pipe at the lower end of the mouthpiece makes two turns and goes straight down. In modern works, its status has become increasingly important, especially in flute ensembles, which can make the timbre integrated and comparable to that of string ensembles.

Flute structure diagram

Tone Hole Names:

Names of flute body parts:

Crown mouthpiece

Embouchure Hole

Lip Plate or

Embouchure Plate

Tenon: the bit of the headjoint that goes inside the barrel or Head Receiver . Socket. Box. Barrel Mouthpiece Cable Cover

Rib in the USA

Reinforcement Rib (USA)

Strap in the UK

Reinforcement belt (UK)

Post or Pillar

Hinge tube (USA) Bushing (USA)

Barrel tube (UK) Axle tube ( UK)

C on back C tone hole

G# on back G# tone hole

Saddle: UK term for soldered tone hole

Interface: British welded flute body

Spatula: USA Touch Piece or UK Key Touch

any touch piece or button other than pad cups that are used to activate keys (e.g. G# Spatula )

G# button pressure plate, used to turn on the G# button

Clutch: arts to close lower line remote cup and upper line remote with A

Linked handle : Used to control the hole cover linked to the A sound hole key

B Foot Joint B-type flute tail

Gizmo D, C#, C fully closed button

Adjustment Screws: strategically located on some flutes to adjust key alignment

Adjustment Screws: configured according to the needs of some flutes, used to adjust the coordination of key linkage

Here is the website

: flutefriends./

What is the history of the Ming Dynasty, the home of flute lovers? Historically speaking, the Ming Dynasty was generally a dynasty that experienced ups and downs. It was very powerful when Zhu Yuanzhang established it.

However, during his subsequent reign, most of the talents of the older generation were killed in large numbers for the sake of better control over his descendants. At this point, the power of the Ming Dynasty declined. After Zhu Yuanzhang died, Emperor Jianwen ascended the throne.

The war with King Yan over the throne further weakened the Ming Dynasty's military strength.

Although there was some development during the later Ming Dynasty, it could not offset the consumption. With the emergence of Dongchang and Xichang, a large number of eunuchs gained power. The officialdom was relatively dark, and future monarchs were also relatively mediocre. In short, the Ming Dynasty was a dynasty that was more weak than strong.

Measures taken by Zhu Yuanzhang:

Regarding preventing the resistance struggle of the people. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang mainly did two things: First, he quickly healed the social trauma that had gone through the disaster.

Zhu Yuanzhang adopted measures such as tax reductions and exemptions, clearing acres of land, working with the people to farm fields, reclaiming wasteland, and building water conservancy projects to promote the development of rural productivity.

About Zhu Yuanzhang’s measures to adjust the internal contradictions of the landlord class. He moved some landlords to Kyoto to weaken the influence of landlords in various places. At the same time, through the census of fields and household registrations, the fish scale atlas and yellow book were formulated, and the taxation and corvee systems were promulgated. A large number of missing farm household registrations were fixed through registration, thereby increasing the manpower and material resources of the dynasty, stabilizing and consolidating the economic foundation of the rule.

About the policy of "ruling the country with violence" adopted by Zhu Yuanzhang. In order to consolidate his political power and follow the rules of officialdom, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the policy of "ruling the country with violence" to strengthen centralization of power.