introduction Top of Page there are more than 4.87 million Mongolians in China. They are distributed almost all over the country, mainly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and a few live in Xinjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Henan, Hebei, Beijing and other northern regions, and a small number of Mongolians live in Sichuan, Yunnan and other places in the southwest. "Mongolia" is what the Mongols call themselves. It means "eternal fire". One feature of Mongolians is that they can't live without horses. Their ancestors used to ride horses around and made heroic achievements. Their labor and production are inseparable from horses, their walking is inseparable from horses, and even their eating, living and entertainment are inseparable from horses. One of the most popular sports in Mongolia is horse racing, in which horses are sung, and the dances are "Horse Wrapping Dance" and "Sabre Dance". Even the most famous musical instrument is called Ma Touqin. Therefore, people call the Mongols "the people on horseback". Mongolians have their own language. Mongolian has three dialects: Inner Mongolia, Uilat and Balhubriat. At present, the commonly used characters were created with Uighur letters in the early 13th century. At the beginning of the 13th century, the original characters were reformed by Mongolian scholar Chaji Voser, and it became a standardized Mongolian language. The press, publishing, broadcasting, drama and film industry in Mongolian language have also developed considerably. The Secret History of Mongolia and other classics have been identified as world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO. The famous heroic epic "Jianger" is one of China's three heroic epics; "Drinking Good Things" is listed as one of the important medical inventions that have made outstanding contributions to world civilization. Animal husbandry is the main economy on which Mongolian people depend for a long time. In addition, it is engaged in processing industry, agriculture and industry. Top of Page in Mongolian History The title of Mongolia was first seen in the Tang Dynasty, when it was only the name of one of many tribes in Mongolia. The birthplace of this tribe is in the east bank of the Ergun River, and then it gradually moved westward. Tribes compete to plunder population, livestock and wealth, forming an endless tribal war. In 126, Temujin was promoted to be the Great Khan of Mongolia, known as Genghis Khan, and Mongolia was established. Since then, a strong, stable and developing ethnic group-Mongolians-appeared for the first time in northern China. Genghis Khan unified Mongolian tribes, unified China, established the Yuan Dynasty, and constantly launched large-scale military activities to expand its territory. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian people have made great contributions to China's politics, military affairs, economy, science and technology, astronomical calendar, culture, art and medicine. Top of Page Mongolian Music The Mongols, with a population of over 3.411 million, are one of the ethnic groups with a long history. They are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Liaoning, Qinghai, Jilin and other provinces. The Mongols have their own languages and characters, and they believe in Saman and Lama. Neimenggu is known as the "people who sing songs". The high-pitched, bright and rough pastoral songs are their unique style. The euphemistic melody in the music brings people to the beautiful grassland and listens to the horses' heads playing by the herdsmen. Mongolian etiquette Top of Page should greet each other when meeting, even strangers should say hello. When peers and acquaintances meet, they usually ask, "Hello, Saibainu"; If you meet an elder or someone you meet for the first time, you should ask, "Ta Sai Bai Nu." (hello). Mongolian people have been engaged in hunting and animal husbandry since ancient times, and are famous for their straightforward temperament and warm hospitality. Visitors at home, whether regular customers or strangers, are full of enthusiasm. First of all, offer the fragrant milk tea, and bring out plates of white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will offer mellow milk wine, and will happily invite guests to drink koumiss in midsummer. In some areas, there are certain rules when entertaining guests with meat by hand. For example, eat with a pipa with four long ribs; Beef is served with a spine with half a rib and general fat intestines. Before or after marriage, a girl goes back to her mother's house to treat her with sheep breast meat. The calf bones, chin and neck meat of the sheep are all for the younger generation and children. Receive distinguished guests or set up a whole lamb mat on festive days. Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongolians. When offering Hada, the giver hands down and hands it to the other party, and the receiver should also take it with both hands down or let the giver hang Hada around his neck and express his gratitude. 27-1-2 :17:45 Supplement: Clothing Top of Page Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main parts of Mongolian clothing. Mongolian robes are robes that Mongolian men, women and children love to wear, and they are unique clothing decorations formed in the long-term nomadic life. Now, every celebration, * * * only dress. The sleeves of Mongolian robe are long and wide, the lower end is not bifurcated left and right, the collar is high, and the big waist is buttoned right. Lace inlays are commonly used in neckline, cuffs and hem. Men's robes are mostly blue and brown; Women's robes are mostly red, green and purple. Wear the necessary belt, hat and riding boots of Mongolian robe. Such a man is tough and natural and unrestrained; Women are slim and vigorous. Mongolian boots are divided into cloth boots and leather boots. Cloth boots, beautiful and chic, soft and light; Leather boots, crisp and smooth, strong and durable. You can protect your ankles and keep out the cold when riding a horse; Taking off your boots naturally when you fall off a horse can ensure your personal safety. Diet Top of Page Mongolian herders regard sheep as the guarantee of life and the source of wealth. Three meals a day, every meal is inseparable from milk and meat. Food made from milk is called "Chagan Yide" in Mongolian, which means holy and pure food, that is, "free food"; Food made from meat is called "Ulan Yide" in Mongolian, which means "red food". In addition to the most common milk, Mongolians also eat goat's milk, horse's milk, deer's milk and camel milk, some of which are used as fresh milk drinks, and most of them are processed into dairy products. 27-1-2 :2:16 Supplement: Mongolians can't live without tea every day. Except for drinking black tea, almost all of them have the habit of drinking milk tea. Milk tea is cooked first thing in the morning, and it is best to use fresh clean water to boil it. After boiling, pour it into a clean pot or pot with tea powder, and simmer for 2-3 minutes, then mix fresh milk and salt and boil it. Mongolian milk tea is sometimes added with butter, or milk skin, or fried rice, etc., which is fragrant, salty and delicious, and is a nourishing drink containing a variety of nutrients. Some people even think that it is ok to skip meals for three days, but not to drink milk tea for one day. Mongolians also like to use the fruits, leaves and flowers of many wild plants for boiling milk tea. The boiled milk tea has different flavors, and some can prevent and treat diseases. 27-1-2 :2:39 Supplement: Most Mongolians can drink alcohol, mostly white wine and beer, and some areas also drink milk wine and koumiss wine. Every holiday or when guests and friends get together, they have the habit of drinking heavily. Koumiss wine is made from fresh koumiss by fermentation without distillation. Typical food: There are many distinctive Mongolian foods, such as roast sheep, oven-baked whole sheep with skin, hand-pulled mutton, fried sheep, roast leg of lamb, milk tofu, Mongolian steamed buns, Mongolian pies and so on. There are also folk: thin cream; Milk skin; ? Mao whole sheep feast; Cooked roast sheep; Chinese cabbage and mutton rolls; Xinsu cake; Dry the rice. 27-1-2 :21:16 Supplement: It is customary for Mongolians to avoid riding fast when riding horses and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herds; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are forbidden to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of offering Buddha; Avoid the meat of dead animals and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white when doing funerals and black and yellow when doing happy events; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; It is forbidden to smoke, spit and touch utensils, classics, Buddha statues and make loud noises when visiting the temple, and not to hunt near the temple. Mongolian religion Top of Page Mongolians believed in Shamanism in the early days, and generally believed in Lamaism after the Yuan Dynasty.
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Mongolian is one of the main ethnic groups in Northeast Asia and also the main ethnic group in Mongolia. There are about 1 million Mongolians in the world, and the language is Mongolian. Other knowledge about the Mongolian nationality Bayinbuluke grass was originally located in Bayinbuoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, the belly of Tianshan Mountain and the northwest of Jingxian County. It was composed of two high mountain basins, the big and small Zhuletus, and the hilly grassland in the mountainous area. It was the origin of Kaidu River with a long source. With a total area of 23, square kilometers and a sea elevation of 2,-2,5 meters, it is the second largest grassland in China. Bayinbuluke Mongolian means rich spring water. This picture is vast, the land is flat and flat, the water and grass are rich and beautiful, and there is no big green grassland to feed. More than 6, cattle and sheep are one of the pastoral areas in Xinjiang. Every midsummer festival, fresh flowers bloom on the grassland, competing for exotic flowers, snow lotus-like Mongolian ancient bags sit among them, and sheep wander like white clouds. In the middle of Bayinbuluke grassland, 2 kilometers north of Bayinbulu Township, there is a high mountain lake with a length of 3 kilometers in the east and a width of 1 kilometers in the south. The elevation is 2,5-3, meters, and the lake water is clear and sees the bottom. A large number of aquatic plants grow in the water, surrounded by mountains and green grass. At the end of spring and the beginning of summer, the ice and snow melt away, and geese and gulls who live in distant countries fly here in groups to build nests, change feathers, seek spouses, have children and multiply their lives. Because of this day, the resources of birds in Goose Lake are extremely rich, and there are many species and a large number of waterfowl. The scenic area of Tian 'e Lake is inhabited by Mongolian herdsmen, whose main livelihood depends on animal husbandry. With limited resources, they all use horse and cow dung as daily fuel. The traditional means of transportation of Mongolian people are mainly draught animals and vehicles. The draught animals are mainly horses and camels, and the vehicles are Le Che. Some Mongolians in China still retain the characteristics of traditional culture. In traditional festivals, Mongolians still like to wear national costumes, take part in sports competitions such as horseback riding, archery, wrestling, play Mongolian chess, play Ma Touqin, dance traditional folk dances, and entertain guests with milk tea, milk residue, fried rice and mutton by hand. Even in modern urban life, Mongolians pay great attention to the integration of modernization and national characteristics. For example, the new Mongolian robe popular with girls in northern cities not only retains the quaint characteristics of traditional Mongolian robes, but also is permeated with modern gorgeous atmosphere. The Mongolian yurt modeling decoration, large-scale painted galloping horses and galloping horses sculptures on the public buildings in northern Xinjiang clearly show the style of grassland culture. In the Ming Dynasty, East Mongolia and West Mongolia were called Tatar and Wala respectively. Roast whole lamb | roast leg of lamb | roast tail of lamb | cheat horse banquet | kebabs | grilled mutton | instant-boiled mutton fried rice | milk skin | cheese | butter | milk residue | sour cow (horse) milk | cream | white milk tofu | koumiss | braised pork | mutton pot | mutton tail fat, egg white, preserved fruit, white sugar hand-grilled mutton They think that beef is beef. Braised pork is eaten by hand, without other utensils. However, according to Erdos Mongolian custom, there are certain rules for eating hand-picked meat, and it is more common to eat with one pipa with four long ribs. Beef is served with a spine meat with half ribs and a small piece of fat intestines. Children can't eat sheep, bovine bone marrow, tail meat, etc. It is said that roast leg of lamb was once a famous dish that Genghis Khan liked to eat. During Genghis Khan's crusade to the east and his expedition to the west, the officials in charge of food, in order to shorten Genghis Khan's meal time and let him take a break, changed the roast whole sheep that Genghis Khan often ate into pieces and barbecued it without his consent. They think that cows and sheep eat five herbs on the grassland, which are fully seasoned. As long as they master the cooking technology, they can make delicious and refreshing meat. Hand-cheat horse banquet is a special celebration banquet for Mongolian people to feast on whole cattle or sheep. Cheating a horse, Mongolian refers to the whole animal that has shed its hair, which means that after slaughtering cattle, sheep and livestock, it is depilated with hot water, its internal organs are removed, and it is baked or cooked. The horse-racing banquet began in the Yuan Dynasty. This quaint folk custom of eating the whole cow and sheep separately has developed from the Lord Nuoyan Bingzheng to a luxurious palace banquet. Nowadays, the court horse-racing banquet has disappeared, and the roast whole cow has also been lost. In August, 1991, when Yike Zhaomeng was preparing for the Genghis Khan Mausoleum Branch of Nadam Congress, the relevant personnel consulted a large number of materials such as Mongolian cookbooks and Mongolian customs records, and conducted experiments, which restored the roast of whole cattle and the Mongolian national costume, which was an important part of Mongolian traditional culture. With the development of history, in the long-term life and production experience, the Mongolian people of past dynasties have exerted their intelligence and constantly absorbed the essence of their brothers' national costumes, gradually improved and enriched their traditional costumes, created many exquisite costumes, and added brilliant brilliance to the Chinese national costume culture.
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