F means strong, mf means medium strong, ff means very strong, and fff means extra strong.

p means weak, mp means moderately weak, pp means very weak, and ppp means extremely weak.

What is similar to the greater than sign is a crescendo, and what is similar to the less than sign is a decrescendo.

The most basic symbols of music: dotted notes, tuplets, rests, pauses (staccatos), accents, syncopations, ascending notes, tuplets, ties, smooth lines, breaths Marks, extended marks, repeat marks, dynamics marks, tempo marks, rising and falling marks, strong and weak marks, quarter notes, eighth notes, half notes, quarter rests, bar lines, and termination lines.

Extended information:

The expression of strength and weakness in music:

1. The strength in the beat

We are playing, When singing, you must follow the strength and weakness rules of the beat and cannot change it at will. Just imagine if the two-beat music is sung into a three-beat rhythm, it will cause confusion.

2. The intensity in rhythm

The different intensity patterns produced by the rhythm types in each beat (or every two or three beats). Such as two notes per beat, three notes per beat, dotted rhythm, syncopated rhythm, triplet...etc.

3. The intensity implicit in the melody

Generally speaking, an upward pitch (ascending) will produce passionate and elevated emotions, which will then bring about a crescendo of intensity; Downward (descending) produces a low, negative mood, which brings with it a waning change in intensity. We must understand the characteristics of this melody progression and follow this pattern in music performance and singing, so that we can have a good musical expression.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Music symbols (common symbols used to express different characteristics of sounds in music scores)