Character experience

During the Xianfeng period, Zhang Hexiu served as a Taoist priest at the Imperial Temple in Qingcheng Mountain. Many people came to Qingcheng Mountain to ask for Zhang Kongshan's guqin. However, Zhang himself often traveled abroad and exchanged piano skills with Guanxian Taoist Yang Zidong, Qian Shouzhan, the author of "Qian's Ten Exercises" and others.

In the early years of Guangxu (1875), after Cao Zhiyun, Zhang Hexiu served as a guest at Yiming's house in Tang Dynasty. He assisted him in carefully reviewing hundreds of piano scores that he had searched for for many years and selected 140. Five pieces were compiled into "Tianwen Pavilion Music Score", which is the largest collection of music scores since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the 30th year of Guangxu's reign (1904), he started teaching piano in Wuchang and trained many piano masters. The person who inherited it was Huayang Gu Yucheng (named Shaogeng). His two sons: Gu Jun (alias Zheqing, 1879-1949) and Gu Luo (alias Zhuoqun, 1881-1936) passed on his studies and compiled their biographies into "Baipingzhai Qinpu". 》. Gu organized a piano club in Changsha from 1912 to 1916 with Peng Qingshou and others. Social Activities

NASA’s unmanned interstellar spacecraft Voyager 2, launched on August 20, 1977, and its sister ship Voyager 1, launched on September 5, 1977 They all carry Traveler's Golden Records, which are engraved with 90 minutes of vocal music collection, including 27 world famous songs, including the Chinese guqin song "Flowing Water" of 7 minutes and 37 seconds, which is the longest of the 27 songs. One piece, it is also said to be the only complete piece among the 27 pieces. The organizer and transmitter of this song "Flowing Water" is Zhang Kongshan, a Taoist priest from the Erwang Temple on the banks of Dujiangyan.

During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Kongshan, a Taoist priest who traveled thousands of miles and rivers, stopped in front of the Erwang Temple. He leaned over and touched his heavy and tired feet, and then looked up at the blood-red sky. At sunset, he couldn't help but let out a long sigh. He had walked too hard and was too tired. It's time to take a rest. He has devoted half his life to the exploration and arrangement of Chinese classical music. He spent more than thirty years on "Flowing Water" and still has no clue. Before going to bed, Zhang Kongshan gently placed the only luggage on his body: a volume of piano music and a guqin on the bedside. This is the spirit of his life. He treats them well and cherishes them, because he knows that since the death of Zhong Ziqi and Yu Boya, there has never been a complete score of "Flowing Water" in this world, and this Guqin in his hand Sima Xiangru, a great poet of the Han Dynasty, once sang the song "Phoenix Seeking the Phoenix" with his own hands, which will be remembered forever. He couldn't help but love them, and he had even given his life to every string on the guqin.

Zhang Kongshan seemed to be twenty years younger when he woke up. His mind was empty. The music that had accumulated, blocked, and stagnated in his heart for decades flowed out naturally like running water, light and soft. Running, winding down. He couldn't wait to get up, put on his clothes, lit the oil lamp, and pulled out the score of "Flowing Water" from under his pillow. He hummed the tune while tapping the edge of the table with his fingers excitedly. At this time, the bright moon is in the sky in the courtyard, the fragrance of osmanthus is floating, and the chirping of summer cicadas adds a sense of tranquility. The Minjiang River running beside Yulei Mountain is magnificent and rushing, and the sound of waves accompanies Zhang Kongshan's sleeplessness. Suddenly enlightened from the confusion, Zhang Kongshankou picked up the score, hugged the guqin, staggered to the riverside, put the guqin that had been with him all his life on a stone table, straightened his hair, tidied his crown, and tightened his clothes and belt. , sitting cross-legged in front of him, his eyes slightly closed, even his face, which had been dry for many years, became smooth and plump in an instant, and he could only caress it with his ten fingers. "Zheng——", a melodious sound of the piano spread with the sound of the running water of the Minjiang River. On the surface of the moonlit river, the sound of the piano rippled in waves, and Zhang Kongshan's swirling thoughts also followed the song "Zheng". "Flowing water" flows slowly. The music flows slowly, like a gurgling drip at first, and then like a quiet spring coming out of the mountain. The wind blows and the water surges, and it has the immeasurable momentum of the vast ocean. When it reaches the rolling section, it is extremely boiling and surging, with the image of a dragon roaring. Listening quietly, one feels as if one is crossing the Wu Gorge in a dangerous boat alone, one is dazzled and thrilling, one almost feels that one is rushing towards the mountains and thousands of ravines are contending with the current; at the end, the boat has passed, and the situation has become a vast ocean.

Main Achievements

Zhang Kongshan was originally a Taoist priest in Zhejiang Province. He learned piano from Feng Tongyun when he was young. During the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty (1851-1861), he traveled to Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan. From Xianfeng to Guangxu, he mainly taught piano in Sichuan. During this period, he also traveled to Hubei and taught many students in Chengdu, Hankou and other places. He is considered the main representative of Sichuan qin masters. The "Seventy-two Rolling Brushes" and "Flowing Water" are said to be majestic and highly praised by qin players in the past hundred years. The existing musical scores of "Liu Shui" from various Ming and Qing dynasties mostly consist of 7 or 8 sections. The "Liu Shui" written by Zhang has 9 sections, and the sixth section uses a rolling brush, which has never been seen in any previous records. This is where the name "Seventy-two Rolling Brushes" comes from. Other sections are similar to those of other scores. It is said that this piece was taught by Feng Tongyun. Due to the strange and complicated rhythm and fingering of the sixth section, the original subtractive notation method was difficult to write down accurately. Therefore, when Zhang Kongshan learned this section, it was all taught by Feng Tongyun orally, and there was no written score. Zhang Kongshan and his disciples worried that it would be lost over time, so they jointly drafted a new musical notation, which was published in "Tianwenge Qinpu" (1876, published by Yeshi in Chengdu), which later became the most widely circulated guqin music score. There are many folk copies of the guqin score handed down by the Zhang family, which were compiled by Zhang's disciples. Their fingering rhythms and the writing of the score characters are different from those in the "Tianwen Pavilion Qin Score", and they have not been widely circulated. In addition, some of Zhang Kongshan's qin music scores are preserved: "High Mountain", "Confucius Readings", "Goose Falling on the Sand", "Rain at Night in Xiaoxiang", "Butterfly", "Drunk Fishing Sings Evening", "Fishing Night" Qiao Qiao" and so on. Character Influence

Zhang Kongshan learned the piano from Mr. Feng Tongyun since he was a child. He received Feng's true biography, and coupled with diligent study and hard practice, his piano skills reached the level of perfection. "High Mountains", "Flowing Waters", "Goose Falling on the Flat Sand", "Night Rain in Xiaoxiang", "Confucius Reading Yi", "Drunk Fishing Sings Late", "Owls and Herons Forget their Machines", "Pu'an Curse", etc. are his best Among the repertoire performed, his original "Seventy-two Rolling Whisks" and "Flowing Water" are the most representative. This song has not only become the first choice music score for future generations to learn, but it was also made into a gold record in 1977 and launched into the vast space with the American Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, where they went to find the "knowledge" of the universe. Among the lay disciples he taught, two were his true successors, one was Ye Jiefu and the other was Gu Yucheng. Ye Jiefu later passed on the guqin art to his daughter Ye Wanzhen, who in turn passed it on to his protégé Liao Wenfu, who in turn passed it on to his grandson Yu Shaoze. Mr. Yu Shaoze continued to carry forward the Sichuan guqin art on the basis of summarizing the previous experience of playing the guqin, making it famous in China. It has even had an important impact abroad. Associate Professor Zeng Chengwei, a pianist who teaches at the Sichuan Conservatory of Music, is the grandson of Mr. Yu Shaoze and the sixth generation successor of Zhang Kongshan. Gu Yucheng (known as Shaogeng, also known as Baiping Laoren, and the author of Baipingzhai piano score) passed down the piano art to his sons Gu Zheqing and Gu Zhuoqun, modern guqin artists. Gu Zheqing also passed it down to his son Gu Meigan, a master of modern guqin art in China. (Author of Essentials of Guqin Studies, Cunjian Guqin Fingerprints Collection (co-author, main author), Cunjian Guqin Music Scores Collection (co-author, main author), etc.). Gu Meigan also passed on his daughter Gu Danru and his son Gu Zechang, a famous contemporary Chinese guqin artist. Famous contemporary guqin artists such as Gong Yi, Lin Youren, Ding Chengyun, Ding Jiyuan, and Zhu Mohan all studied under Mr. Gu Meigan.