Common sense of music theory in Henan Province 1. What are the basic knowledge of music theory?

Chapter 1 The concept of sound and the level of sound 1. The types of sound 3. The physical properties of sound 4. Pitch and overtone 5. Music system, Tone train 6. Tone level 7. Grouping of pitch Chapter II Length of sound 1. Notes and duration 2. Rest 3. dotted notes and attachment point rest 4. Complex dotted notes and attachment point rest 5. Legato line 6. Extended note 7. Basic division and special division of note duration Chapter III Staff 1. Basic knowledge of staff 2. Clef and spectrum table 3. Notes of staff, Rest and Appendices 4. Standard Writing of Staff Notes Chapter IV Beat 1. Beat and measure 2. Beat number 3. Type 4. Combination of sound values of beats Chapter V Rhythm 1. Basic rhythm 2. First stop of basic rhythm 3. Backbeat rhythm 4. Weak rhythm 5. Legato rhythm 6. Legato rhythm 7. Segmentation rhythm 8. Stress shift rhythm 9. Rhythm characteristics of common styles of pop music 6. Interval 1. Concept of interval 2. melody tone 3. Harmony interval 4. Degree and number of intervals 5. Types of intervals 6. Natural intervals and changing intervals 7. Formation of intervals 8. Isometric intervals 9. Monotonic intervals and polyphonic intervals 1. Transposition of intervals 11. Concordant nature of intervals Chapter 7 Mode Chapter 8 * * Chapter 9 Tonality Relationship Chapter 1 Musical forms of popular songs.

2. What are the little knowledge about music theory

Little knowledge about music theory (1) 1: Tone is a physical phenomenon.

when an object vibrates, it produces sound waves, which pass through the air to the eardrum and are perceived as sound after being reflected by the brain. The sound that people can hear vibrates about 16-2 times per second, while the sound used in music (excluding sound) is generally limited to 27-41 times per second.

the sound level, strength, length and timbre depend on the vibration of the object. 2. Tone-color refers to the sensory characteristics of sound.

The vibration of the pronunciation body is composed of many kinds of homophones, including pitch and overtones. The timbre is determined by the number of overtones and the relative intensity between them. People's ability to distinguish timbre is innate, and the color of music can be divided into vocal timbre and instrumental timbre.

The timbre of human voice is divided into high, medium and low tones, and there are male and female voices. The timbre of instrumental music is mainly divided into stringed instruments and wind instruments, and the timbre of various percussion instruments is different. 3: * * * (Resonance) *** refers to a kind of vibration.

when a pronunciation body vibrates, it causes other objects to vibrate, and sounds are produced, resulting in a * * * sound. 4. Fundamental tone When an object vibrates, the tone with the lowest frequency is the fundamental tone, and the rest are overtones.

the pitch determines the pitch. 5. Harmonic overtone Except that the lowest sound produced by the overall vibration of the pronunciation body is the pitch, the rest 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and other parts are also vibrating at the same time, which is the overtone.

the combination of overtones determines the specific timbre, and can make people clearly feel the loudness of the pitch. Musical instruments and all sounds in nature have overtones.

6: Pitch pitch is expressed by the number of vibrations in one second. More frequency leads to pitch, less frequency leads to low sound.

At present, the international standard sound "A" is a sound that vibrates 44 times per second. 7. Pitch name refers to the name that represents a fixed pitch in the western music system.

these names are not uniform, and they are different in different countries. Widely used is: C D E F G A B.

8: Syllable names refer to the names of the notes on the scale. 1do, 2re, 3mi, 4fa, 5sol, 6la and 7si are usually used.

the tonic in major is 1do, and the tonic in minor is 6la. 9: Range (pass) The range between the lowest and highest tones that a human voice or musical instrument can reach is called range.

register can be divided into general register and individual register, vocal and instrumental register. 1. Tonality Tonality refers to the mode category and tonic height.

in music, the tonic is the core of melody and harmony, and other tones are subordinate to it and finally stop at the tonic. Such music is tonal music.

a little knowledge about music theory (2) 11: Scale refers to the tones in a mode. Starting from a certain pitch, that is, from the tonic, the notes are arranged from low to high in pitch order. Such a series of tones is called a scale. The scale from low to high is called ascending, and from high to low is called descending.

The scales we are talking about today are mainly major scales (major) and minor scales (minor). Pentatonic scale A scale consisting of five tones.

It is mostly used in the mode of national music. Such as do, re, mi, sol, la, (do).

13: a mode of Major mode. Seven-tone scale, the interval between adjacent two tones is divided into whole tone and semitone.

Its scales are full tones except for the semitones between the third and fourth tones and between the seventh and eighth tones. The colors in major are clearer.

14: a Minor mode. The seven-tone scale has four forms: "natural minor", "harmony minor", "melody minor" and "modern minor scale". The color of minor is generally darker than that of major, and it is often used to express sadness and melancholy.

natural minor (minor scale) is semitone between two or three tones and five or six tones. 15. Just intonation is different from the twelve average laws.

the relationship between each tone and the tonic in a scale is a pure interval. Because the semitone formed in this way can't be divided into averages, it can't be transferred casually, and it has been eliminated by history.

16: the first tone in the Key-note mode scale. One of the Temperament of the twelve temperaments.

divide an octave into twelve semitones, and the intervals of the semitones are all equal. Piano, harp and other musical instruments are tuned according to this law.

17: Semi tone (Whole tone) divides an octave into twelve equal parts, each of which is semitone, and two semitones are equivalent to the whole tone. A semitone is equivalent to a second degree, and a whole tone is equivalent to a second degree.

18: concordant and dissonance intervals can be divided into complete concordant intervals (pure 1, 4, 5, 8 degrees) and incomplete concordant intervals (large and small 3, 6 degrees) according to the degree of concordance. Other than that, it's a dissonance interval.

19: Interval refers to the distance between two tones. The unit for calculating intervals is called "degree", and several syllables between two sounds are called degrees.

intervals with the same degree are different from pure, big, small, increasing and decreasing because of the different numbers of semitones and whole tones. 2. Tweive-tone system (Tweive-note system) is one of the modernist composing techniques.

was founded by Austrian composer Schoenberg in 1921. The composer abandons the traditional mode, tonality and harmony system, arranges the twelve tones in the chromatic scale randomly into a one-year tone series, and then deals with them by inversion, retrograde and other techniques. Unless all the tones have appeared, none of them can be repeated.

Little knowledge about music theory (3) 21: There are five tones in the octave of pentatonic scale, which is called pentatonic scale. 22: The chromatic scale has seven tones within the octave, which is called the "chromatic scale".

23: dynamics refers to the intensity of sound when playing and singing music. Expressed by strength symbols, such as F (strong), P (weak), <; (getting stronger), > (gradually weakening) and so on.

26: The sound without definite pitch used in music with indefinite pitch is called indefinite pitch. Actually, it is noise, which does not belong to the scope of the movement.

Modern composers often use it, such as sawing wood, origami, typing, sweeping the floor, knocking, booing, whistling and so on. 27. asymmetric rhythm is also called "polyrhythm".

In the same phrase or bar, the rhythm of each voice is inconsistent; Or in the same small.

3. Basic knowledge of music theory

Basic knowledge of music theory 1. Basic knowledge When composers write music, just like writers write poems and novels, they have a set of expressive system, that is, music language.

Music language includes many elements: melody, rhythm, beat, speed, dynamics, range, timbre, harmony, polyphony, mode and tonality. The ideological content and artistic beauty of a musical work can only be expressed through various elements.

Melody, also known as melody, is a line of sound formed according to certain height, length and strength. It is the most important means to shape the image of music and the soul of music.

the relationship between the length and the strength of each sound in the rhythm. Because different tones are also different in length and strength, rhythm must be included in the melody.

the even alternation of strong beats and weak beats. There are many different combinations of beats, called "beats", and the normal rhythm is carried out according to a certain beat.

the degree of speed. In order to express the thoughts and feelings of music accurately, it is necessary to make the work sing or play at a certain speed.

the degree of strength. The change of sound intensity also plays an important role in shaping the musical image.

the high and low range of the tone. The sounds in different sound regions have different functions and characteristics when expressing thoughts and feelings.

the acoustic characteristics of different voices, different musical instruments and different combinations. Through the contrast and change of timbre, the expressive force of music can be enriched and strengthened.

two or more sounds of harmony are combined at the same time according to certain rules. The strong and weak progress of * * *, stability and instability, harmony and dissonance, and the tendency of instability and dissonance to stability and harmony constitute the functional system of harmony.

the function of harmony directly affects the strength, the tightness of rhythm and the power. In addition, the acoustic effect of harmony can be divided into light and dark and dense and light, which makes harmony have the function of rendering colors.

the simultaneous combination of two or more melodies. The simultaneous combination of different melodies is called contrast polyphony, and the successive imitation of the same melody at a certain elbow is called imitation polyphony.

Polyphony can enrich the image of music, strengthen the momentum of music development and the independence of the voice, resulting in the effect of echoing before and responding after. Modal is a series of sounds summarized from the different tones used in the melody and harmony of a musical work.

these sounds are related to each other and keep a certain tendency. Tonality is the pitch of the central tone (tonic) of the mode.

In many musical works, the conversion and contrast of mode and tonality is an important way to reflect the changes of atmosphere, color, mood and image. Various elements of music language cooperate with each other and have ever-changing expressive force.

Although melody is the soul of music, when other elements change, the image of music will change in different degrees. Under certain conditions, other factors can even play an important role.

second, sound and pitch sound are produced by the vibration of objects. There are many sounds that can be felt by our hearing in nature, but not all sounds can be used as music materials.

The sounds used in music are specially selected by people to express their life, thoughts and feelings in the long-term production struggle and class struggle. These sounds are formed into a fixed system, which is used to express musical ideas and shape musical images.

Tone has four properties: high and low, strong and weak, long and short, timbre and so on. The sound level is determined by the number of times (frequency) that an object vibrates in a certain period of time.

the vibration frequency is more, and the sound is higher; The vibration frequency is less and the sound is low. The length of the sound is determined by the duration of the sound.

the duration of the sound is long, and the sound is long; The duration of the sound is short, and the sound is short. The strength of the sound is determined by the amplitude (the amplitude of the vibration range of the sound).

the amplitude is large and the sound is strong; The amplitude is small and the sound is weak. The timbre is different because of the nature, shape and overtones of the pronunciation body. The above four properties of

sound are very important in music expression, but the level and length of sound are of more significance. Take the song "Socialism is Good" as an example. No matter whether you sing it with human voice or musical instrument, sing it in a low voice or sing it loudly, it is still easy to recognize this melody, although the sound strength and timbre have changed.

However, if the pitch or sound value of this song is changed, the music image will be seriously damaged immediately. Therefore, regardless of creation, performance and singing, special attention should be paid to pitch and sound value.

due to the regularity and irregularity of the vibration state of sound, sound is divided into two categories: musical sound and noise. Music is mainly used in music, but noise is also an indispensable part of music performance.

In our national music, the use of noise has quite rich expressive ability. For example, in traditional Chinese opera music, percussion instruments, with the cooperation of other artistic expression means, play an extremely obvious role in shaping characters and expressing various thoughts and feelings. This is a very distinctive part of the world music culture and is worthy of our good study and study.

Every sound we usually hear is not just a sound, but a combination of many sounds. This sound is called complex tone. Complex tone comes into being because the pronunciation style (taking the string as an example) not only vibrates in the whole section, but also its parts (one-half, one-third, one-quarter, etc.) vibrate at the same time.

the sound produced by the whole vibration of the pronunciation body is called the pitch, which is the most easily audible sound, and the sound produced by the vibration of various parts of the pronunciation body is called overtone. These sounds are difficult for our hearing to hear.

third, the musical tone system is the sum of sounds with fixed pitch used in music, which is called the musical tone system. The tones in the musical system are arranged in ascending or descending order, which is called a tone train.

on the piano