As for how to play the flute well, our country's folk artists and flute players of all dynasties have left us with rich and valuable playing experience. For example, Mr. Fang Bingzhi's "The Joy of the Flute" written by Mr. Fang Bingzhi during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty said: "The flute must be held at shoulder level, and the posture and speaking skills must not be underestimated. Exhale the air in the rising and falling lips, practice hard and you will be able to master it. The finger is about one inch away from the surface of the hole. If it's too low or too high, it's not difficult. You just need to be familiar with the fingering technique. It's a no-brainer to play with a sharp tongue. If the flute film is suitable, it will be pleasant to listen to. You must be familiar with the Gongchi (music score). Ming, we must keep in mind the syllables, and the words fine and fine must be understood. There is a way to be delicate and powerful, and there is no success without hard work." This poem talks about how to play the flute well in terms of posture, breath control, and fingering. effort.

To play the flute well, you must work closely with the three aspects of Qi (gong), fingering (method), and tongue (head). All three are indispensable.

(1) Breath control The pronunciation of the flute, the pitch, strength, length, hardness and softness of the sound are all closely related to the "luck" during playing. We call this kind of luck work "Qigong", which means that if you want to play the flute well, you must work hard on "luck".

In daily life, the time for us to exhale and inhale is roughly equal. When playing the flute, we need to take a deep breath, which means using the diaphragm (located between the lungs and the abdomen), that is, the combined thoracoabdominal breathing method. . It is best to use a combination of mouth and nose to ventilate. Focus on the mouth, that is, slightly open the two corners of the mouth to inhale, so that the inhalation is faster. When exhaling, you should use the control capabilities of your chest muscles, abdominal muscles, and diaphragm to allow the breath to be exhaled evenly and rhythmically. Beginners should consciously pay attention to their breathing methods from the beginning, and do not violate the normal breathing movement rules, otherwise it will affect their performance and be detrimental to their health. Generally, beginners can vomit for 10-15 seconds in one breath, which is good.

Luck is very important to players. It is the basis for beautifying the timbre and controlling the strong, weak, long, short and various emotional changes of the sound. In order to master the correct "luck" method, you can do the following two exercises in combination with playing long notes:

Slowly inhale and exhale slowly - take a deep breath and blow a long note. When inhaling, you need to inhale enough without making a sound; when exhaling, you need to be even, steady, long and effortless. Therefore, when you exhale, the breath has not been finished yet (leaving about one-fifth of it, when the lower abdominal diaphragm is still under control). That is, you should take a second breath. The movement of the chest must be consistent with the movement of the diaphragm and abdomen. Otherwise, the airflow entering the mouthpiece will not be smooth, and it is easy to cause air leakage from the corners of the mouth, screams, and unpleasant tone.

How to play the flute well Luck is very important for the player. It is the basis for beautifying the timbre and controlling the strong, weak, long, short and various emotional changes of the sound. >>

When breathing luck, you should pay attention to avoid mistakes such as shrugging, tightening the abdomen, and pushing out the abdomen. You should also pay attention to the control of weak sounds.

A few mistakes to avoid when it comes to breathing luck:

①Shrug. When inhaling, raise your shoulders so that the breath is very shallow and can only be drawn into the chest. Inhale in this way, tightening your chest. The lack of strong breath support during performance not only makes the tone tighter, but also makes long sounds unsustainable.

②Tighten the abdomen. When inhaling, you mistakenly contract your lower abdomen inwards. As a result, the breath can only be inhaled to the upper chest, causing the chest muscles to press against the ribs, causing the breathing to lose elasticity.

③Put your belly up. When inhaling, the lower abdomen pushes out like a drum, and the abdominal ribs are pulled down. Because the breath is inhaled too deeply, the chest and abdominal muscles are tense, causing the breathing to lose elasticity.

Therefore, to play the flute well, you must master the correct breathing, luck and other methods.

Weak tone control:

In music, in addition to differences in pitch and length, there are also differences in strength. The strength of the tone plays a role in expressing the thoughts and feelings of the piece. to a certain effect.

When playing the flute, the small hole between the upper and lower lips is called the "wind gate", and the breath blown out from the "wind gate" is called "mouth wind". The "wind gate" can be large or small, and the "mouth wind" can be slow or urgent. The "wind gate" is large, the "mouth wind" is slow and the pronunciation is low; the "wind gate" is small. The "mouth tone" is urgent and the pronunciation is high. The air squeezed out from the lungs is controlled by our mouth and lips so that the air can be used in a planned manner to prevent the air from being wasted. At this time, we need to control the size of the "wind gate" and the urgency of the "mouth wind" , using a kind of free movement of the lips and cheeks, which is called "mouth strength". The intensity of the sound is related to the amount of air sent into the instrument through the "wind gate" controlled by the hiccup membrane.

Generally speaking, the amount of air used when playing strong is greater than that used when playing weak. When encountering a crescendo mark, the amount of air used increases from small to large. When encountering a decrescendo mark, the amount of air used increases. From big to small. Along with the pitch and strength of the sound, the "mouth strength" must also be closely coordinated. If the "mouth strength" is not used when playing, not only will the pronunciation be muddy and unclear, it will be laborious to play, the sound will not last long, and playing for too long will easily cause Dizziness.

Inhale quickly and exhale slowly—this is the most commonly used breathing method when playing the bamboo flute. The shorter the inhalation time, the better, because the time allowed for inhalation during the progression of the piece is very short.

Whether the fingering technique is correct and whether the fingers are flexible are the keys to mastering the flute playing technique.

The flute’s fingering techniques are quite rich. In addition to fingering modulation techniques, there are also single appliqué, compound appliqué, ascending glide, descending glide, ascending diaphragm, descending diaphragm, vibrato, tapping, etc. Sending sounds, etc., are all related to mastering proficient finger skills. As the saying goes: "Ingenuity", correct hand shape and flexible fingers are the key to mastering the above techniques. During training, you must pay attention to the following points:

1. The middle part of the first joint of the finger has the most flesh and is the most elastic part called the "finger belly". You must develop the habit of using this most ideal part to press holes from the beginning. When opening the hole, do not raise your finger too high (about a finger-thick height is sufficient). Otherwise, the speed of playing will be affected when changing fingers.

2． How to make your fingers flexible? Fingers and wrists must be relaxed when playing. Relax your hands into a semi-clenched fist shape (that is, your fingers are slightly naturally bent), so that your hands and fingers are always in a natural and relaxed state. When pressing the holes, you should also be relaxed and elastic. Do not be nervous or use excessive force to avoid stiffness of your fingers that affects your flexibility.

3． Although the thumbs and little fingers of both hands do not press the holes, they must support the flute body and actively cooperate.

4. Among the ten fingers, the ring finger has the least flexibility and slow response. It should be strengthened to make its joints relaxed and flexible.

Tongue training and pronunciation is a very important technique for playing the bamboo flute. There are two categories that are often used: long tongue thrust and short tongue thrust.

The tongue is like a piston that blocks airflow. Staccato occurs when the tongue blocks the mouthpiece. When the tongue leaves the mouthpiece, the sound continues. When we play general music, we commonly use two methods: legato and staccato (short tones). Tongue is mainly used to solve the problem of staccato. The pronunciation method of "vomiting" is to press the tongue against the upper teeth and gums before blowing. When blowing, the tip of the tongue immediately retracts inward as soon as it touches the position near the mouthpiece, allowing the airflow to blow out to achieve a staccato effect.

Tuning is a very important technique for playing the bamboo flute. It is like the action of a bow when playing a stringed instrument. There are two categories that are often used: long tongue thrust and short tongue thrust.

1. Long tongue thrust

Long tongue thrust occurs when the tongue blocks the mouthpiece for a short time and leaves the mouthpiece for a long time.

2． Short tongue thrust

Short tongue thrust includes single thrust, double thrust, triple thrust, etc. Its characteristic is that the tongue blocks the mouthpiece for a long time and leaves the mouthpiece for a short time, just like the leading and jumping bow of a string instrument.

Pay attention to the following points when practicing:

① The pronunciation method of "Tuyin" must be correct. Pronunciation should be strong and clear.

②Do not interrupt your exhalation during practice. The breath should be exhaled gently, not too loudly.

③When the tongue contracts, the distance from the mouthpiece should be as short as possible so that the airflow can pass through.

④The movements of the tongue should be flexible and not overly tense. Do not use force when the tip of the tongue blocks the mouthpiece, as long as it is in contact. Especially during the onset of the sound, you must pay attention to the synchronization of the vibration of the tongue and the airflow, otherwise the pronunciation will be unclear.

Vibrato refers to the repeated back and forth between the main sound and the sound above it, giving the sound a wavy feel.

Vibrato can make the sound blown have a wavy feel and change in "pitch".

In music, a "ting" mark is usually added above the main sound to represent the frontal sound, which refers to the continuous back and forth between the main sound and the sound above it. If the vibrato differs by two degrees in pitch, it is also called second-degree vibrato. It is one of the commonly used vibrato fingerings when playing the flute.

When playing vibrato, please pay attention to:

1. On the vibrato sound hole, vibrate your finger up and down repeatedly. The finger movement should be elastic, do not raise it too high, try to be as small as possible, and the speed should be even, not fast and slow (except for special effects) , and be durable.

2． If you vibrate the first hole with the ring finger of your right hand and find it difficult to make the "5'" vibrato, you can temporarily leave the little finger away from the flute body so that the ring finger can vibrate flexibly.

3． Generally speaking, using the three fingers of the left hand to make vibrato is not as flexible as the three fingers of the right hand, so you can do key exercises.

Long tone

Long tone is the most basic way to play the bamboo flute well and practice luck. It plays a role in enhancing the strength of the mouth and the control ability of the breath, as well as the cooperation between the two. plays an important role.

Long tone is the most basic way to play the bamboo flute well and practice luck. It plays an important role in enhancing the strength of the mouth and the control ability of the breath, as well as the cooperation between the two. You can practice for about ten minutes every day before playing the music to achieve fluency.

Three points should be paid attention to when practicing:

1) Pitch - when practicing long tones, in addition to paying attention to the accuracy of the scale, you should also pay attention to the start to the end of each note. The pitch should be consistent, not high for one moment and low for another. When playing low notes, the damper is large and the wind is slow, so the "mouth strength" needs to be relaxed; when playing high notes, the damper is small and the mouth wind is urgent, so the "mouth strength" needs to be tightened. "Fengmen", "Koufeng" and "Koujin" can maintain pitch by working closely together.

2) Tone - When playing bass, the tone is required to be round and rich; when playing high notes, the tone is required to be crisp and bright to prevent the sound of air leakage.

3) Breathing - Breathe naturally when playing.

How many breaths you take each time depends on the length of the phrase. Generally, you should breathe more for long phrases and less for short phrases. It should not be excessive or insufficient, otherwise it will cause confusion in breathing and affect the smooth playing.

Playing sound, sending sound, and overlapping sound

"Playing sound", "feeding sound", and "overlapping sound" are decorative sounds, which can enrich the expressiveness of the music and add color Sensitive, often used in Jiangnan silk and bamboo.

In the flute playing techniques, there are many techniques of adding dots and flowers that are popular among the people. "Playing sounds", "sending sounds" and "overlapping sounds" are also a kind of decorative sounds, which can enrich the music. Expressive, increasing color sense, often used in Jiangnan silk and bamboo.

Percussion is represented by ". or "T" mark. When playing, use your fingers to lightly hit the sound hole to create a percussion effect. Generally used for gorgeous and lyrical tunes , can enrich the color of the music.

Send tone, also called gift tone, is generally used for long notes above half notes or to send a note at the end of a phrase. In Kun Opera or Jiangnan Silk and Bamboo Ensemble, It is often heard that some veteran players use this technique to play. Before sending the sound, the abdomen will shake slightly when the main tone ends. At the same time, they are required to release the fingers of the sound sending hole (the tone of the mouth must also cooperate) and then blow the sending sound. .

Duplicate - When we play two sound patterns that are connected at the same degree, in addition to using spit playing, the "duplicate sound" method is often used in folk spit playing to enrich expression. .

Portamento

Portamento can make the vocals of the flute more gorgeous, smooth and colorful. There are two types of portamento: "finger portamento" and "air portamento"

Portamento can make the vocal music of the flute more gorgeous, smooth and colorful. There are two types of portamento: "finger portamento" and "air portamento"

Finger portamento is used to gradually press or gradually press the sound hole with your fingers. The portamento effect is produced by opening the air portamento.

The portamento effect is produced by controlling the breath, such as the strength and speed of the mouth wind, and the change of the size and position of the damper.

When playing portamento, these two portamento methods are generally combined with each other, that is, while gradually pressing or opening the fingers, the breath control and the movement of the damper position are combined to create a portamento effect.

< p>In a piece of music, sliding up from a lower tone to another tone is called a "glissando" and sliding down from a higher tone to another tone is called a "gliding tone".

Appropriate tone

Appropriate tone is one of the commonly used decorative sounds on bamboo flutes. It is generally divided into two types: single appoggio tone and compound appoggy tone. Appropriate use of appoggio tone can enrich the music according to the needs of the content. Expressiveness.

Appropriate tone is one of the commonly used decorative sounds on bamboo flutes. It is generally divided into two types: single appliqué and compound appliqué. Appropriate use of appropriation can enrich the music according to the content. The expressiveness of the music.

A small note added to the upper left corner of a note is called a single note. Add two horizontal lines below the small note and connect it with the original note. If there are more than two small notes added to the upper left corner of a note, they are called compound appoggiata, and arcs are used to connect them with the original note.

When playing the appoggiata, pay attention to:

< p>1. The time occupied by the appliqué is extracted from the original note and cannot increase the time of the original beat.

2. When playing the single appliqué, the minor note is played with the breath, not the original note. If the single appliqué is on the strong beat, the note should be played stronger.

3. When playing the compound appliqué, the first minor note should be played with the exhale, and the other notes (including the original note) should be played. ), but you need to play it more coherently, because several small notes only account for a small part of the value of the original note, so the faster you play, the better. If the compound appliqué is on a strong beat, you must play the original note. Gotta be stronger.

Li Yin, Hua Ton

Li Yin can add a warm, rough and powerful atmosphere to the music. Fancy tongue is a sound-breaking effect produced by using airflow to impact the raised tongue and causing it to roll.

Liyin:

Starting from a certain sound in front of the main sound, and rapidly and continuously grading from bottom to top or top to the main sound, it is called "Liyin". It can add to the warm, rough and powerful atmosphere of the music.

The time occupied by the Li tone is very short. When playing the upper Li tone, each finger should be opened rapidly and evenly in sequence. When playing the Lower Li tone, the closed sound holes should be pressed rapidly and forcefully in sequence. . Each note should be played short and clearly.

Hua Ton:

Hua Ton is a special bamboo flute tongue technique, similar to the erhu's rolling plucked instrument. It is often used in the accompaniment of northern rap music. Use it.

To play the flower tongue, you use airflow to impact the upturned tongue and make it roll to produce a broken sound effect. Folks generally call it "daulu". You can first train your tongue to "daulu", which requires speed and speed. Well-balanced and long-lasting.

Tunyin

Tunyin is generally used for jumping, lively and bright music. The playing should be short and elastic.

Tunyin is generally used for jumping, lively and bright music. When spitting, press the tip of the tongue against the gums to form a blockage, and then let the air flow suddenly rush out of the mouth to make a "spit" sound.

How to make every "voicing sound" very clear? In addition to paying attention to breath control when playing (exhale as much as you want, don't waste the breath. Generally, beginners tend to rush the breath out of their mouths, so the stored breath cannot last long). Also pay attention to the flexible use of the tip of your tongue.

The vibration of the tongue and the airflow must be at the same time, otherwise it will be blurred.

Practice points: When playing the tongue, you should play it short and elastic. When practicing, first practice tongue movements, and then play on the instrument. The pronunciation of the "single spit" bass area is difficult to master and requires focused practice. The pronunciation must be firm and the saliva must not be blown into the flute.

Double vomiting: After making the single vomiting sound of "vomiting", lift the base of the tongue and place it close to the soft forehead to form a blockage, and then let the air flow suddenly rush out of the mouth, making a sound like "ku" . If the word "'Tuku" is repeated repeatedly, it will be repeated in pairs. When we play fast short sounds with a single breath, we will feel that the tip of the tongue cannot keep up with the speed of the music, so we must use double or triple breaths to play.

Practice points:

1. When playing double tonguing, in addition to quick and short tongue movements, you must also pay attention to breath control and tongue movement coordination. The breath should be aimed at the mouthpiece, and the upper and lower lips should not move to prevent the "hiss, hiss" sound of air leakage. You can do the tongue movement training of "Tuku Tuku" first, and then practice on the musical instrument. It is required that the words "Tu" and "KU" have the same intensity, one cannot be heavy and the other light.

2. The double tongue movements should be flexible, and pay attention to the difference in the position of the tongue when playing high notes and low notes. The tip of the tongue is closer to the outside but cannot stick out of the lips for high notes, and the tip of the tongue is closer to the inside for lower notes. It can be repeated many times during practice, and the pronunciation is clear and flexible.

Repertoire for the Central Conservatory of Music’s domestic and overseas grading examinations? Dizi. Grades 1-6/Central Conservatory of Music Off-campus Music Level Examination Series

Dizi Introductory Textbook (Updated Edition)

Author: Jiang Guoji and others

"Ten Lectures on Flute Playing Techniques" compiled by Zhao Songting is the best teaching material. Zhan Yongming and Da Ya both laid the foundation for this textbook.

Especially the training of "qi, fingers and tongue", which lasts for more than 2 hours a day for half a year.