Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven) was born on December 17, 1770 and died on March 26, 1827. A famous German musician and one of the representatives of the Vienna Classical School. His works have a very profound impact on the development of world music, so he is respected as the "Music Saint".
Personal experience
Childhood experience
On December 17, 1770, Beethoven was born into a poor family in Bonn, Germany.
My father is a tenor singer in the local palace choir and my mother is the daughter of a palace chef who is tortured by life. Under his father's strict training, Beethoven showed his musical talent, but Beethoven was often beaten and scolded by his father. Beethoven could play the harpsichord when he was 4 years old, and gained the reputation of a music prodigy; he suffered from otitis media at the age of 5; he began performing on stage at the age of 8; at the age of 10, he became a disciple of the most famous music education institution in Prussia Nie Fei; Beethoven published his first work "Piano Variations" at the age of 11; at the age of 12, on the recommendation of Nie Fei, he worked as an organist's assistant in Count Walterstein's court orchestra, which was Beethoven's "musical servant" The beginning of career. At the age of 13, Beethoven joined the court band as organist and clavichord.
Study experience
In 1781, Beethoven studied piano and composition with band conductor Christian Gottlob Neff. Beethoven also studied with Franz Anton Reis Learning the violin, under the guidance of a new teacher, Beethoven began to form his own unique style. After arriving in Vienna in 1787, he began to study composition with Mozart, Haydn and others. At the beginning, Mozart wanted to see his ability and let him play music. After hearing his performance, Mozart predicted that one day Beethoven would shock the world. . Beethoven received news of his mother's death soon after arriving in Vienna, and he had to rush back to Bonn immediately. Due to family burdens, he did not come to Vienna for the second time until the death of his father in the autumn of 1792, but by this time Mozart was no longer alive. Beethoven also studied with Schenck, Albrecht Berg and Salieri. Through his contacts with the intellectual Breining in Bonn, he came into contact with many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time, and from them he was influenced by the ideological trend of the "Turbulence Movement". His democratic ideas had reached maturity in the years before the French Revolution, but they grew particularly rapidly during the revolutionary years. During this period, Beethoven composed "Prelude in F minor", two preludes, etc.
Painful Experience
Beethoven III
The last piano Beethoven used during his lifetime
He only started writing the first one when he was ten years old Since 1796, he has felt his hearing gradually weakening. His love for life and persistent pursuit of art defeated his personal pain and despair. Suffering became the source of his creative power, and he strangled The throat of fate. He still tenaciously composed the "Eroica Symphony" despite the pain; the "Eroica Symphony" marked a turning point in Beethoven's mental state and also marked the beginning of his "Heroic Age" of creation. Beethoven's later period in Vienna was due to the fact that Europe was experiencing a period of serious political reaction, that is, a period when Metternich's reactionary rule was particularly rampant. From 1813 to 1817, Beethoven's creation also showed a temporary decline; from 1818 to 1827, despite his deafness, deteriorating health, and mental torture, Beethoven still composed the Ninth Symphony with giant perseverance. It summarizes his glorious and epic life and shows the best wishes of mankind. In 1823 Beethoven completed his last masterpiece, the Ninth Symphony.
In his later years
Forty-six-year-old Beethoven completely lost his hearing, but still insisted on creating music. In his later years, Beethoven composed his last string quartets. In 1826 Beethoven was seriously ill and was unable to complete the work. In December 1826, Beethoven suffered from a severe cold that caused pulmonary edema. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827.
On the day of his burial, all schools were closed to express condolences. Twenty thousand people attended Beethoven’s funeral. His tombstone was engraved with an inscription by the Austrian poet Greer Bacze: “… When you stand When you are in front of his coffin, what envelopes you is not dejection, but a noble emotion; only for a person like him can we say: He completed a great cause..."
Beethoven’s nine symphonies dominate his major works.
Representative works include Symphony No. 3 in E flat major "Hero", Symphony No. 5 in C minor "Destiny", Symphony No. 6 in F major "Pastoral", Symphony No. 7 in A major, Symphony No. 9 in D minor "" Chorus" (main theme of "Ode to Joy"), overture "Egmont", "Leonora", Piano Sonata No. 14 in C sharp minor "Moonlight", Piano Sonata No. 5 in F major "Spring", Piano Sonata No. 5 in F major "Spring", F major No. Romance No. 2. He gathered the culmination of classical music and at the same time opened up the path for music in the romantic period, playing a decisive role in the development of world music.
Beethoven’s position in the history of music is extremely prominent. He is not only the master of the classical style, but also the founder of the romantic style. As a music master, Beethoven also paid considerable attention to art songs. He was a pioneer in the creation of German art songs. He composed more than 60 art songs with piano accompaniment throughout his life. His art songs are characterized by their rich expression techniques and forms. To show and express the emotions belonging to all mankind. He has made extraordinary achievements in the field of art songs.
Later Influence
Beethoven’s music embodies the artistic creation achievements of previous music masters. He stands at the forefront of the times and embodies the heroic and heroic nature of Handel’s music with new qualities. Bach's philosophy developed Haydn's humor, inherited the drama of Gluck's operas, and Mozart's profound lyricism, thus creating his own unique musical style. Beethoven brought endless joy to all mankind through extremely painful music creation. Each of his masterpieces is like a beacon, making an indelible contribution to the unity and progress of all mankind.
Beethoven once said: Music should make the human spirit burst into flames.
Beethoven lived between the 1870s and the 1830s. He was a loyal practitioner of classical music and a powerful pioneer of romanticism.
Beethoven experienced ups and downs throughout his life, but the suffering and loneliness did not defeat him. He always firmly guarded his beliefs, and tenaciously followed the direction of his art despite being lonely and deaf. Proverbs, creating the pinnacle of classical and romantic music and art, unparalleled!
(1) In terms of the development and innovation of the symphony: the highly concentrated musical motives are expanded while maintaining the rigorous unity of the whole piece; the development part is expanded to highlight the inner contradictions and motivations of the work. The center of gravity of publicity and dramatic conflict; the introduction of the Scherzo into the third movement of the symphony, replacing the minuet with courtly elegance; and the addition of the human voice to the symphony expanded the expressive power of the work.
(2) On piano sonatas: His 32 piano sonatas have made significant contributions to the structure of sonatas. They also made great contributions to the contrast of piano dynamics, dramatic factors, and color changes in different registers. It has undergone significant development, making it a work as famous as Bach's "Twelve Well-Tempered Clavier Pieces" and a work that has made outstanding contributions in the history of music.
(3) In terms of musical expression: it liberated the art of music and expressed the spiritual essence of his era. The work showed the spiritual journey from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, from suffering to joy. His melodies inherit the Haydn-style motive development technique, and absorb the affectionateness of Mozart's melodies, forming the characteristics of simplicity, roughness, simplicity, and enthusiasm.
The dynamic and imbalance caused by frequent changes, divisions and rests in rhythm, the gradual expansion of the harmonic dissonance factors and the unstable range of tonality, and the intensity also forms a large amplitude. In terms of ups and downs and orchestration, he paid great attention to the role of brass and woodwinds, etc., which constituted the strong appeal of Beethoven's music and the grandeur of his masterpiece. The revolutionary elements in his music and the dramatic effect of free impulse made him a master of classical music. At the same time, he was a pioneer of romantic music and inspired the composers of romantic music in the 19th century.
Character evaluation
This is a musician who was tricked by fate and eventually became deaf, a hero who exchanged pain for joy. This seemingly arrogant person actually has an unknown side. The musician's most important organ was damaged. He didn't dare to show it or let others know his weakness, so he had no choice but to live in isolation. He has no close friends, not even friends. However, Beethoven accepted the reality and endured the painful fate that God gave him. Therefore, he also became the author's hero. (Romain Rolland's "Celebrities")
Beethoven's greatness lies not only in being a musician.
He has a beautiful soul that is deeply troubled and refined in life. He is a hero of the heart. His music is the expression of this heroic heart.
In the era before Beethoven, the great sage in the European music scene was Mozart. However, the value of Mozart's music, after all, is limited to a "sound architecture", that is, it only has the meaning of existence because of the "beauty" of the music. As for Beethoven, it is even more brilliant. His music is a symbol of his great soul. Mozart's music is the art of feeling, and Beethoven's music is the sound of the soul.