Qin Liu is a pipa plucked instrument. Because it is made of willow, its shape is similar to that of willow leaves, so it is called Qin Liu, or "willow harp". Qin Liu is very similar in appearance and structure to the pipa. The earliest Qin Liu was very simple in structure. Because of its rustic and folk appearance, Qin Liu was affectionately called "Tupipa" by China people. "Tupipa" has long spread among the people in Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China, and is used to accompany local operas.

Qin Liu is not only the same as the pipa in appearance and structure, but also plays the pipa in the same way, only playing with a plucked bullet. When playing Qin Liu, the player should sit upright, put Qin Liu on his chest, hold the piano in his left hand, press the strings with his fingers, and put the plectrum between his thumb and forefinger with his right hand to pluck the strings, which is very elegant.

as for Ruan, I don't know yet.