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The origin of music It is impossible to check when music began to exist in human society. Before humans had language, they already knew how to use the pitch, depth, strength, etc. of sounds to express their thoughts and feelings. With the development of human labor, chants to unify the rhythm of labor and shouts to convey information to each other gradually emerged. This is the most primitive prototype of music. When people celebrate harvests and share the fruits of labor, they often beat stone and wooden tools to express their feelings. Joy, joy, this is the prototype of the original musical instrument.

(Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770.12.16-1827.03.26), male, German composer, pianist and conductor.

One of the representative figures. He composed 9 numbered symphonies, 35 piano sonatas (the last 32 of which were numbered), 10 violin sonatas, 16 string quartets, 1 opera, and 2 operas

, 1 oratorio and 3 pieces

, as well as a large number of chamber music,

and dance music. These works have a profound impact on the development of music, so they are respected as

Introduction

Beethoven had a rough life. When he was twenty-six, his hearing gradually declined, and when he was forty-five, he became completely deaf and could only communicate with people through conversation books. However, his lonely life did not make him silent and retired. In the feudal restoration era when all progressive ideas were banned, he still adhered to the political belief of "freedom, equality, and fraternity" and fought for democracy and ideals through his speech and works. The shouting with arms reflected the revolutionary enthusiasm of the bourgeoisie at that time to fight against feudalism and fight for democracy, and wrote the immortal masterpiece "

". His works were influenced by the 18th century

and the German Sturm und Drang movement. They have distinctive personalities and have developed greatly compared with their predecessors.

In terms of musical performance, he was involved in almost all musical genres at that time; he greatly improved the expressive power of the piano and gave it a symphonic dramatic effect; he also made the symphony an important piece of music that directly reflected social changes. form. His major works include nine symphonies (the third "Hero", the fifth "Symphony of Destiny", the sixth "Pastoral Symphony" and the ninth "

" are the most famous), the opera "Fei Dai" Leo" and so on.

(2) Composition: The violin is composed of more than 30 parts. Its main components include the headstock, body, neck, pegs, strings, bridge, chinrest, bow, panel, side panels, sound columns, etc. ?The violin*** has four strings, divided into: A string, E string, D string and G string. The violin's panel and back are curved, making it sound good and resonant; the violin's waist is narrow, making it easier to play high and low strings; panels and back are added with inlays to prevent the board from cracking, which is good for the violin's performance. Sound quality also plays a role. There is a sound column support between the panel and the back panel, and changes in its position have a significant impact on the violin's tone. The bass beam is glued to the lower left side of the panel, which not only serves as a reinforcement, but also has a sound effect. If the paint on the surface of the violin is too hard, too soft, or unevenly painted, it will damage the sound quality

(3) Development: From

to the 18th century, Italian violin manufacturing The industry has developed rapidly with the unprecedented prosperity of music art, and G. P Makini, N. Amati, A. Stradivari and C. Four outstanding craftsmen from Zanelli. After the 18th century, violin manufacturing companies around the world copied the shapes and sizes of Italian violin makers to make violins. In the past hundred years, the structure of the violin has not changed much. In this sense, Italy is the hometown of the violin. The modern violin has been familiar to people since about 1550, and evolved from the popular musical instruments at that time, the rebeck and the tilly. ?1650~1750 was the golden age of violin making. Many famous violin makers appeared, such as N. Amati, J. Steiner, and A. Stradivari, who is considered the most outstanding maker. and G. Guarneri et al. After the 18th century, the leading position of the violin making industry shifted from Italy to France. From 1789 to 1799, with the decline of the nobility and royal family, music also moved from the court to the people, and troupes and concert halls serving the public appeared. The Western violin was introduced to China in the late 1920s (around the 1920s).

Since the 1980s, a group of young violinists trained by China have won awards in numerous international competitions, and Hu Kun is the first among them. ?

(4) Common knowledge of playing: ppp? weakest pp very weak p weak mp medium weak mf medium strong f strong? ff very strong fz strongest? fz or sf reinforced tone pizz pizzicato arco with bow Drawing (after pizzicato) tutti full playing (full band) 8va high octave G.B. full bow O.H. upper half bow U.H. lower half bow M. middle bow Fr bow root? Sp bow tip? pizzicato: pizz? resume normal playing Move arco closer to the bridge: sul?pont to return to normal playing as ord. Move closer to the fretboard: sul?tasto return to normal playing as ord. Bow action: col?legno return to normal playing. Add a mute for arco: con?sord. Remove the mute. senza?sord In addition, in orchestral music, the division is div and the unison is unis?

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