★ What is the suffix name of a file
Speaking of the file name under the Windows work interface, it is almost arbitrary, for example, the work plan of an editorial department in 2. The file name can be directly expressed in Chinese, and the length can be up to 256 characters, which makes people look really clear at a glance. However, in the Windows environment, there are many file names like CALENDAR.EXE, GAMES.GRP and so on in the installed software. Why? It turns out that these file names are all based on the file name naming rules of DOS environment.
★ File suffix in DOS environment
In DOS, the file name adopts 8+3 structure, that is, the file name with the longest 8 digits is separated by decimal point and then followed by the suffix with the longest 3 digits, such as READ.ME and SETUP.EXE. Generally, Chinese characters are not allowed in the file name, and it can only be composed of letters, numbers and some symbols. For example, READ.ME is understood as "read me" in Chinese, that is, users are prompted to read the contents of this file before using the software to get more prompt information. More importantly, it is stipulated in DOS to use suffix names to distinguish different files.
executable files are the most easily encountered under DOS, and there are two kinds of suffixes: *.exe and *.com (where * means any file name), which are files compiled by assembly language or other high-level languages and run directly under DOS. Sometimes, due to many software functions and small memory, it is impossible to transfer all of them into memory at once. There may also be ovl files with the same file name, such as ws.exe and ws.ovl. There is also a file that can be directly run, *.bat, that is, batch file: there are many commands or executable file names, which are mainly used to improve work efficiency; The most useful file is Autoexec.bat, which will be Automatically executed when it is turned on (automatic execution means automatically execute in English). Another file that can be loaded but can't be run directly is the system extension management file *.sys(sys is the system): it mainly provides drivers for some nonstandard devices such as mouse and expanded memory, such as mouse.sys and himem.sys. For unified management, a text file of config.sys is specially specified to automatically load these necessary device drivers at the time of startup. Once these files are deleted or renamed by mistake or attacked by viruses, the system will directly work abnormally.
files generated by word processing in p>DOS can be used without suffixes, but people often use *.txt to represent them (txt is text). Supported by all platforms and all applications. For the convenience of management, people can also use their own names as suffixes to indicate that they have created their own text files. For example, many articles I input are *.mcj. In order to facilitate users to restore the original files as soon as possible in the case of accidentally deleting the original files, many word processing systems provide an automatic backup function. For example, when I edit JIHUA.MCJ for the second time (JIHUA: planned Chinese Pinyin), the system will first copy a copy of the original file as Jihua. When word processing software with special format functions is used, such as WPS introduced by Mr. Qiu Bojun in his early years, its suffix will be specified as. wps to identify the text file generated by WPS. When editing a high-level language program with word processing software, the suffix is usually the first three letters of the corresponding language (for example, *.BAS is the BASIC language source program, *.PAS is the PASCAL language program, *.FOR is the Fortran language program, *.C is the C language program, and *.ASM is the assembly language program).
executable files are often accompanied by the following types of files: *.HLP is help file, *.CFG is configuration file, *.DAT is data file, *.LOG is log file, and *.TMP is temporal file.
★ file suffixes in Windows environment
Most DOS file name suffixes continue to be valid in Windows, but Windows itself also leads to many brand-new suffixes. For example, *.drv is a device Driver, *.fon and *.fot are font files, *.grp is a Group file, *.ini is an initialization information file, *.pif is a file format required for executable files in DOS environment to execute under Windows, and *.crd is a Card file. . rec means Recorder macro file (record), *.wri means text file (Write), which is generated by Word processing write.exe, *.doc and *.rtf are also text files, which are generated by word, *.cal means calendar file, *.clp means file format in clipboard, *.htm and *.html means home page file, *.
suffix name of image file
After entering the multimedia world, you will see all kinds of wonderful pictures and find many suffixes. Indeed, because various companies have made their own standards when developing graphics-related software, there are too many graphics formats today. The following are the common formats:
First, a bitmap file format, which is an image composed of a group of points (pixels), is generated by an image program or created when scanning an image. There are mainly Windows Bitmap (.BMP): developed by Microsoft, which is supported by Windows and Windows NT platforms and many applications. Resource file format that supports 32-bit colors and is used to create icons for Windows interfaces. CUR,. DLL,. EXE: resource file format, which is used to create cursors for Windows interfaces. OS/2 Bitmap (.BMP): Bitmap file format developed BMP)：Microsoft and IBM. It is supported by various operating systems and applications. Support compression, the largest image pixel is 64×64. Brush (.PCX): Introduced by Zsoft Company, it also compresses image data and can be generated by PCX. Brush for Windows. Support 24-bit color, and the maximum image pixel is 64×64. Support compression. Graphic interchange format:
graphics interchange format (.gif): created by compuseserve, it can support pictures in any size, save storage space by compression, and can also store multiple pictures in one file. Support 256 colors, and the maximum image pixel is 64×64.
Kodak photo CD (.PCD): the bitmap file format developed by Eastman Kodak is supported by all platforms. PCD supports 24-bit color, and the largest image pixel is 248×372, which is used to save photos on CD-ROM.
adobe Photoshop (.PSD): the bitmap file format of adobe Photoshop is supported by Macintosh and MS Windows platforms. The maximum image pixel is 3,× 3,, which supports compression and is widely used in commercial arts.
Macintosh drawing (.MAC): a bitmap file format developed by Apple. Supported by Macintosh platform, only monochrome original images are supported, and the maximum image pixel is 576×72. Support compression, mainly used to save black and white graphics and clip art in Macintosh graphics applications.
suffix name of animation file
The animation file format is used to save the graphic information contained in the animation frame. Mainly include: Autodesk FLC (.FLC): namely. FLI, Autodesk Animator and AnimatorPro animation file formats. Supports 256 colors, and the largest image pixel is 64×64, which supports compression. It is widely used in animation sequences, computer aided design and computer game applications in animation graphics. Not suitable for real-world image animation.
MAC pics (.PCs,. pic): an animation file format developed by Macromedia for Macintosh applications. Support for 256 colors, support for compression, used to save animation data, is the predecessor of Quick Time.
Microsoft resource interchange file format, tiff (.avd): an animation file format developed by Microsoft, which is supported by Windows, Windows NT platform and OS/2 multimedia applications, supports 256 colors and compression, and is used to save audio, video and graphic information in multimedia applications.
MPEG(.MPEG): an animation file format developed by the moving picture expert group of the international organization for standardization. Supported by all platforms, Xing Technologies MPEG players and other applications, it supports compression, and the maximum image pixel is 495×494×3 frames per second. Used to encode audio, video, text and graphic data.
quicktime (.qtm): an animation file format developed by Apple Computer Company. Supported by Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Windows platforms, it supports 25-bit color, and the maximum image pixel is 64,× 64,, which supports compression and is used to save audio and motion video information.
★ suffix name of sound file
The sound file format is used to save digital audio information. They mainly include:
AIFF(.AIF): This is a sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company and supported by Macintosh platforms and applications. Support compression.
Amiga sound (.svx): the sound file format developed by Commodore is supported by Amiga platforms and applications, and does not support compression.
MAC sound (.snd): a sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company, which is supported by Macintosh platform and various Macintosh applications and supports some compression.
MIDI(.MID): a sound file format developed by the international MIDI association, supported by the Windows platform and many applications, is used to create digital sounds for musical instruments.
sound blaster (.VOC): a sound file format developed by Creative Labs, which is supported by Windows and DOS platforms and supports compression.
WAVE(.WAV): a resource format used by Microsoft to save audio information on the Windows platform.
★ Suffixes of compressed files
In order to improve the storage efficiency, many companies have introduced data compression methods and corresponding software. The use of such files is mainly carried out by package compression and unpacking software, and the main suffixes are: *.zip, *.arj, *.rar, *.lzh and *.jar. There are also some special compressed files, such as *.ex_, *.dl_, *.d3_, *.cab, etc.
★ The suffixes of databasefiles
have the following suffixes in the environment of Dbase, FoxBase and Foxpro series software:
.ap generation application. app application file
.cbx and. pjt tag file. cdx and. idx index file
.dbf database file. . err compilation error file
.fky key macro file. fp configuration file
.fpt remarks field file. frx and. frt report file
.fxp compiled program
.mnx and. mnt menu file. men memory application
.pcb library file. pjx and. pjt engineering file
. (Program)
.qpr and. qpx SQL query files. scx and. sct screen files
.tbk temporary database file. tmp temporary file
.win window file
★ File types that can be safely deleted
Temporary files: *. tmp, *. syd, *. $ $ $. *.gts
Backup files: *. bak, *. old, *. wbk, *. xlk, *. ckr _
Help files: *.hlp, *.chm, *.Unix
★ Postscript
Users should pay attention to different operating systems. In addition, for extremely special equipment, its driver will also have a special suffix, such as the driver of 3DS display card is *.exp. There are also some companies that have specified file name suffixes for their products. For example, Founder's image typesetting file specifies *.grh (that is, Graph).
The suffix of a file name represents a certain type of file, which is usually generated and processed by a certain software. Only when you have a certain knowledge of these suffixes can you know why in the process of getting on the computer. Here, I show you some common suffix types. In fact, there are many types, and it is impossible to finish them all. As the saying goes, the master leads the door and practices in the individual. In the future, everyone will turn around and see for themselves in the computer world.
★ Common file suffix
. ACA: role document used by Microsoft's agent
.acf: system management configuration
.acm: audio compression management driver, which provides coding and decoding functions of various sound formats for Windows systems
.aif: sound file, which supports compression. You can play
.AIF: audio files with Windows Media Player and QuickTime Player,
.AIFC: audio files with Windows Media Player, and
.AIFF: audio files with Windows Media Player.