Common forms of concerts: recital? concerto

Generally speaking, if it is a piano performance, there is only one pianist from beginning to end, playing all Solo pieces for piano. If it is a violin, flute, or some other non-piano solo instrument, you will usually bring a piano accompaniment, and only in this way can you complete a recital.

Concerto: A concerto is not about the band accompaniment to the solo instrument, but about the competition and confrontation between the band and the solo. It is more accurately translated as "competition song". A good concerto must be indispensable for the soloist and the orchestra. It is difficult to listen to the two separately, but it is perfect only when they are put together. A good concerto should show the very dramatic oppositional relationship between the soloist and the orchestra, which sometimes confronts and sometimes cooperates.

The concerto is one against a hundred, and there is a feeling that one man is in charge and ten thousand men are invincible. It’s an amazing art form and very physically demanding on the soloist.

For example, Li Yundi’s recital in South Korea

Music excerpts in this section: Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, first movement, Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto

1. Chamber music is the top level of concert music. It is so-called "wash in beauty" without any pretense, just four parts. If you don’t understand it for the first time, that’s right. The most conventional form is a quartet: two violins, a viola and a cello. The quartet is all string music, without any pretense, and is a real showman's performance. In a good quartet, each member's level may be average if taken individually. But when they work together, they are perfect.

2. In the quartet, these four pianos should not be imagined as four musical instruments, but should be understood as four different sides of one instrument, which can cover all the strings from the lowest bass to the highest notes. live.

3. Chamber music is the favorite form of senior classical music lovers. On the contrary to the lively symphony, chamber music is very pure. Moreover, there are very few writers who can write very well about chamber music, and their skills are very rare.

Music excerpt for this section: Schubert's String Quintet in C major D956

(Western harmony system)

1. The Western music system is A harmonic system. Western harmony must have at least four voices, which we often call soprano, alto, tenor and bass.

2. Four parts are the minimum requirement that can cover the lowest bass to the treble.

The symphony is the most common concert format. It is a hodgepodge, relying mainly on the conductor to organize a large group of musicians together.

Opera

1. The format system is different from other concert systems. There are many types of opera subdivisions, including Wagner operas, Italian operas, Mozart operas, etc. Those who listen to opera are not the same people who listen to recitals, concertos, and chamber music. Those who listen to Wagner's operas are not the same people who listen to Italian operas. In the 19th century, when two music fans met and greeted each other, the first thing they probably said was: Wagner or Brahms? "If the answers are different, then they are not the same kind of people, and they will part ways from now on, and they will never be in contact with each other.

2. To put it simply, we can understand opera as the Beijing opera of foreigners.

1. Dressing: Just don’t wear slippers and pants. Suits and formal tuxedos are worn by the performers, so don’t steal the show from the people on stage

2. Entry: If you are one minute late, your ticket will be forfeited Half. You can only enter after the first half. Nowadays, symphonies are more humane, and some short pieces of music by current composers will be played to warm up the show. The third thing that gives people a chance to listen to the works of modern composers is that if you see some overtures that are more classic, it is recommended not to be late. For example, some people use the Overture of the Dream Opera and the Overture of Mozart's Magic Flute. When entering the venue, please do not take photos, record or video, keep your mobile phone on silent, and be aware of copyrights. For example: German violin goddess Anne Shanghai was very unhappy when she was filmed in the middle of her performance. She pointed her bow at the audience and said that you must go out. The security guard asked me to leave. After the Russian violin performance in Shanghai or Beijing, she tweeted that she would not come to China in the future. I don’t know if these audiences came to listen to Bach or to take pictures. She felt that there was no way to come while taking pictures. Listen attentively and feel Bach's great music. If you insist on taking a picture, you can take one or two pictures when the performance is over.

3. Applause: The general rule is not to interrupt the performance of the performer until the whole piece is finished. Just applaud. Western music is divided into movements. In most symphonies, the first part is a faster movement, the second part is a slower, lyrical movement, the third part is usually a minuet, and the fourth part is another. It is a more cheerful and fast movement. Do not applaud after each movement so that the flow of the music will not be interrupted. The principle of applause is not to applaud between movements. But there is an exception. The first movement of the concerto is very brilliant. If you think the soloist is playing too well, you can applaud. This is very difficult to do only with concertos, not symphonies.

(Example: the first movement of Tchaikovsky Concerto)

Freezing of time and space: Notation (make a little arc, which means you can stop as long as you want) Freezing of time and space represents the performer’s thoughts. If time and space are frozen, applause will be very embarrassing. For example, Lang Lang’s example: During a certain performance, time and space were frozen for a long time, and a child interrupted the applause: Why is it not over yet? This situation would be very embarrassing.

If you don’t know how to applaud, there are four ways:

① Familiarize yourself with the music in advance. Classical music mainly listens to interpretations, interpretations of classic, complex and great classical music. Instead of mood, unlike pop music, covers are not famous. So familiarize yourself with it in advance to make your ticket worth your while.

② To develop good habits, you must take the program list. The responsible program player will mark each movement and count the number of breaks.

③Look at the gestures of the performer and conductor. For example, after finishing playing, you flick your hands or leave the keyboard and flick your bow.

④ Wait for others to applaud before applauding. If you encounter an unfamiliar piece of music, don't rush to applaud, let the bullets fly for a while, there will always be someone who understands it, this is the safest way.

4. Applause

The concert can only be applauded after the whole song is over.

There are three situations for shouting well in Italian: For male performers, you call Bravo! For a female performer, shout: brava.! If it’s an orchestra, shout “barvi” (in the plural)!

(The tongue should pop out, press the tongue against the roof of the mouth, and then exhale desperately)

5. Final encore (Encore)

The orchestra generally does not perform encores Yes, because it takes a long time for them to rehearse even a small piece. If the orchestra performs an encore, it will only perform the highlight part of the song or the overture again.

The encore is a matter of being a bitch and setting up a memorial at the same time. It is a matter that reflects the huge repertoire of the performer. The soloist must show an attitude that says, "Oh, it's not that I want to play, it's that you think I'm wonderful and let me continue to play." In order to build a reputation, young performers usually secretly practice these pieces very well, fearing that the audience will not let them perform encores. Because this is a sign that he plays well, I wish you could let me come up seven or eight times. If there are many encores, the media will publicize it and your reputation will instantly increase.

The first curtain call applause, the performer goes down, applauds enthusiastically again, comes up again for the curtain call, and so on. The third time the performer comes up, it's time for an encore. Three Three Three If he does it this way, if he wants to perform eight encores, he will have to take more than twenty curtain calls.

The principle of Encore is very simple, that is, respect the elderly and never love the young or torture the little one to death. If the performance of a big piece is not good, don’t perform it encore. In addition, if it is some sacred big music, such as Beethoven's concerto or Brahm's concerto, it is not suitable to add small songs later, so let us stay at the sacred ending. Russian concertos can be performed as encores. Because Russian concertos like to show off their muscles, such as Rachmaninoff's concerto and Tchaikovsky's concerto, commonly known as "chest-breaking boulders", they are very skillful, difficult enough, and long enough. Young performers like them very much. .

The orchestras are mainly divided into three categories. The first category is the top orchestras, which you will want to listen to. There are five: Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (2005), Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Amsterdam Philharmonic Orchestra Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Chicago Symphony Orchestra. Because they may only come to China once every 30 years, and scalpers will also want to go. . If possible, buy the most expensive ticket, which is only over 1k. The second category is the first-tier tours. You can go there even if you don’t want to go, but you can’t go even if you want to. This also depends on the price. For example, the British BBC Symphony Orchestra, the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, the Japanese RHK Symphony Orchestra, etc. The third category does not belong to the first and second categories. In this case, you have to look at several factors. If it is a solo piece, look at who the soloist is. If the soloist is someone you like very much, you can go; look at the piece again, if it is a piece you like very much, it is also worth listening to. But if the group is not that good, there may be opportunities to ruin the music you like. Also choose a conductor.

1. When listening to the piano, be sure not to sit on the back of the piano, otherwise the sound will be muffled. It is best to sit in the front right facing the stage. (The pianist’s right side faces the audience)

Try not to get too far away from the piano as it has limited penetration.

But there is an exception: when the pianist also acts as a conductor, the piano's board will be removed. In this case, there is no problem sitting on the back. But very few, only respected old artists do this.

2. To listen to violin, it is best to sit in the balcony on the second floor. To listen to vocal music, it is best to sit in the middle and back.

The F hole of the small advance is facing the ceiling. Therefore, the sound of the violin tends to rise upward, and the penetrating power of the violin is very strong. It floats farther when it is high, so it doesn't matter if you sit far away. On the contrary, if you sit too close, the sound will be more complicated, because It has to pull that string hard so that the sound can float far. But you can get used to the noise after listening to it for a long time.

3. For vocal music, sit in the middle and back, because this thing pays attention to the overtone series.

When we pronounce it, you hear two kinds of sounds, the fundamental tone and the overtone. The fundamental tone is the more solid tone you hear, but an excellent singer does not rely on this fundamental tone. When he sings, his entire head and chest are moving** *Ming. You see, those good singers are not only fat, but they also have very large chests and large heads. This is the same as the size of the speaker box. With a big face and thick neck, he is either a rich man or a singer. Overtones are when your voice sounds very good, it stimulates more and higher notes on the basic tone. The combination of this basic sound and the higher sounds will produce a particularly good overall effect. So the thing that sounds good is essentially the richness of overtones. The overtones float farther away. If you don't listen to the basic tone, just listening to the overtones will feel like whistling. So if you listen to vocal music, it doesn't matter if you stay a little farther away. The basic sound will be weakened and the overtones will be reduced slowly. You can hear a very soft and beautiful sound that is dizzy. The requirement of Bel Canto is that there is no need for microphones in the grand theater, so that everyone can hear it very clearly. If a microphone is used to amplify the basic sound, the overtones will be weakened, which will make your effect worse. So in general, singers are human amplifiers, and being fat is a strategic choice, a strategic need, and survival of the fittest. There are very few top singers who are thin. Maria Callas, the greatest singer of the 20th century, was originally quite fat. She began to lose weight in order to enter the upper class. After losing weight, her voice deteriorated.

5. Is conducting useful?

Three major misunderstandings about conducting: 1. Conducting is useless 2. Human metronome 3. Whether a conductor is good only depends on whether the movements are cool or not

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The correct understanding is that the conductor is the soul of the orchestra. The music we hear is the music in the conductor’s heart, and the conductor’s skills are all rehearsed in the audience. One minute on stage, ten years off stage, this saying is not true at all.

The score gives you a skeleton, and you have to fill it with flesh and blood according to your own understanding before it can come alive. So the music we hear is the music in the conductor's mind.

Everyone thinks Zhou Zhou, a disabled conductor, is a genius conductor, but this is actually misleading. He is more like a very talented dancer.

6. The chain of contempt between musical instruments

7. Proficient complaints about playing musical instruments

8. The best classical music in China