Introduction to Chinese National Percussion Music

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(1) Classification of Percussion Instruments

my country’s national percussion instruments have distinctive national characteristics There are many styles and varieties, and the playing skills are quite rich.

) gongs, cloud gongs, large and small cymbals, bells, etc.;

2. Sound wood, such as boards, clappers, wooden fish, etc.;

3. Leather, such as: large and small Drums, pan drums, row drums, elephant foot drums, etc.

*Classification 2:

Ethnic percussion music can be divided into two types: those with fixed pitch and those without fixed pitch. Those with fixed pitches include: pitched drums, row drums, cloud gongs, etc. Those with no fixed pitch include: large and small drums, large and small gongs, large and small cymbals, boards, bangs, bells, etc.

(2) Characteristics of percussion instruments in my country

Chinese percussion instruments It has certain national characteristics. It is not only a rhythm instrument, but also each group of percussion groups can play independently. It plays a very important role in setting off the music content, dramatic plot and enhancing the expressive power of the music. National percussion instruments are also often used in Western orchestras in my country.

(3) Introduction to percussion instruments

1: Bell bells

(1) The origin of bell bells:

The bell bells are A national musical instrument, also known as bell or star.

(2) The structure of the bell is:

The bell is shaped like a small bowl, made of copper, two in a pair, and has no fixed pitch.

(3) The performance form of the bell bell

The sound of the bell bell is crisp and pleasant, and the sound has strong penetrating power. It is mostly used for instrumental ensembles or as accompaniment for opera, singing and dancing. Often played with beautiful and lyrical tunes, it is a colorful and rhythmic instrument.

2: Bangu

(1) The origin of Bangu:

As a national musical instrument, Bangu is also called skin drum, single skin or dry drum. drum.

(2) The structure of the pan drum:

The drum frame of the pan drum is made of thick wood, with one side covered with leather and no fixed pitch.

(3) The performance form of the bangu:

The bangu is often used as a drama accompaniment and plays the role of conducting the band. In addition to beating the beats and adding atmosphere to the singing, the bangu is also often used to match the actors' movements with different drum beats to highlight the characters' expressions. The bangu can also be played solo in a drum ensemble.

3: Tanggu

(1): The origin of Tanggu:

As a national musical instrument, Tanggu is also called a big drum.

(2): The structure of the tanggu:

The frame of the tanggu is made of wood and covered with leather on both sides.

(3): Performance form of Tanggu:

Tanggu is a musical instrument commonly used in modern ethnic instrumental ensembles and opera music. When playing, place the drum on a wooden stand and hit it with a pair of wooden mallets. Because the drum surface is larger, different pitches and timbres can be emitted from the center to the rim of the drum. The sound at the center of the drum is lower, and the sound becomes higher toward the edge of the drum. When playing, the volume can change from very weak to very strong, and the intensity changes greatly. It can strike complex patterns and play a greater role in rendering emotions and atmosphere.

4: Cylinder drum, timpani cylinder drum

(1) The origin of the cylinder drum:

As a national musical instrument, the cylinder drum is shaped like a flower pot, so it is also Called flower pot drum.

(2) The structure of the cylinder drum:

The drum frame of the cylinder drum is made of wood. The drum body is large and the bottom is small. It is covered with leather on both sides and is shaped like a flower pot. After liberation, the cylinder drum absorbed the structural characteristics of the Western timpani and was transformed into a timpani cylinder drum. Some are equipped with eight telescopic screws around them to adjust the tension of the drum skin to achieve a certain pitch. The drum body is placed on a rotatable iron stand, and the rotation of the drum body can be used to fine-tune the pitch. In addition, there is a pedal on the underside of the iron frame, which can be used to raise or lower the pitch by five degrees. When playing, several tuning methods are often combined and used according to the needs of the music.

(3) How to play the cylinder drum:

The performance technique of the cylinder drum is roughly the same as that of the tanggu, which is struck with double wooden mallets. The timbre is softer than that of Tanggu, and it is often used as accompaniment in operas, instrumental ensembles, and sometimes as a soloist. Timpani drums are divided into three types: large, medium and small. They can be played alone or several at the same time. Timpani drums can be played using Western timpani techniques, in addition to bass drum playing techniques. Timpani drums are often used in ensembles.

5: Bronze Drum

(1) The origin of Bronze Drum:

Bronze Drum is popular among ethnic minorities in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan and other ethnic groups. Regional percussion instruments. The appearance of bronze drums dates back to the late Spring and Autumn Period, and records of bronze drums have been common since the Han Dynasty. Bronze drums are popular in ethnic minority areas in the southwest, so many bronze drums have been preserved.

(2) The structure of the bronze drum

The bronze drum is entirely made of copper, with a hollow cavity and no bottom. There are Dong ring ears on both sides. Both the drum head and drum body are engraved with exquisite patterns.

(3) Bronze drum performance form

Bronze drums are often used alone as a dance accompaniment instrument for ethnic minorities. The pronunciation of bronze drums is low and deep.

6: Korean Janggu

(1) The origin of the Korean Janggu:

The Korean Janggu is called Janggu for short and has distinctive national characteristics.

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(2) The structure of the Korean Janggu

The drum shell of the Korean Janggu is made of wood, with two large ends and a small one in the middle, and both ends are covered with leather. Long drums have no fixed pitch. When playing, hang the drum across your chest or place it on a wooden stand. Beat the drum with your left hand and perform percussion with your right hand.

(3) How to play the Korean janggu

The janggu has a low volume but a soft tone, and is often used to express light and joyful emotions. Long drums are mostly used in dance, and are played by dancers while dancing. They can also be used as rhythm instruments in ensembles.

7: Big gong, small gong

(1) The origin of gong:

As a Chinese national musical instrument, gongs are divided into big gongs and small gongs.

(2) The structure of the gong

The large gong is round in shape, with a larger surface and is made of copper. There are many popular types in various places, among which Jing gong and Su gong are the two most commonly used ones. The gong has no fixed pitch. Xiao gong is also called hand gong, Jing Xiao gong, etc. It is also round and made of copper, but its surface is smaller, so it is called a small gong. No fixed pitch. The small gong is struck with thin wooden pieces, and the playing method is roughly the same as that of the large gong.

(3) Naked performance form:

The big gong has a loud and rough sound, which can be used to enhance the atmosphere and enhance the rhythm. It is mostly used in instrumental ensembles or opera accompaniments. The sound of the small gong is soft and clear. In the accompaniment of operas, various playing methods are often used to match the movements of the actors and enhance the atmosphere.

8: Yun Gong

(1) The origin of Yun Gong:

Yun Gong is one of China's ancient national musical instruments.

(2) The structure of Yun Gong

Yun Gong is composed of several small gongs with different pitches.

(3) Playing forms of Yunluo

Yunluo can play melody and can also be used as accompaniment of various rhythms. In the band performance, the Yun Luo can be used as a cadenza solo to achieve a strong and brilliant sound effect.

9: Snare drum

(1) The origin of snare drum:

As one of China’s national musical instruments, snare drum is also called Jingtang drum or war drum.

(2) The structure of the snare drum:

The structure is the same as that of the big drum, except that it is smaller in size and has no fixed pitch.

(3) How to play the snare drum:

The playing method of the snare drum is basically the same as that of the big drum. However, due to the smaller drum surface, the change in timbre is not as obvious as that of the big drum and it is used more intensively for playing. sound pattern. And because the snare drum hits higher than the big drum, the sound is stronger, and the lingering sound is shorter, so it is often used in ensembles and accompaniments.

10: Paigu

(1) The origin of Paigu

Paigu, as one of the Chinese national musical instruments, is a percussion instrument developed after liberation , Paigu is developed based on the reform and development of medium-sized hall drums and waist drums commonly used among folk.

(2) The structure of Paigu

Paigu is a set of five to six drums, from large to small, from bass to treble. Both sides of the drum are equipped with tuning equipment. The drum body is fixed on a special iron frame.

(3) The performance form of Paigu:

The tuning of Paigu can reach a range of four to five degrees. The two sides of the drum can produce two different sounds. Due to the different pitches, timbres and changes in weight, it can produce rich sound effects in the band and is good at expressing warm and joyful emotions. It is mostly used in large-scale instrumental ensembles and drum music. It is a colorful instrument.

11: Dab

(1) The origin of Dab:

Dab is a Uyghur percussion instrument, also known as tambourine. It has a long history, dating back to the fourth to sixth centuries AD. It was included in the Sibu music in the Qing Dynasty.

(2) The composition and structure of Dab:

The round frame of Dab is made of wood, with one side covered with sheepskin and many small iron rings around the frame. When playing, hold the rim of the drum with both hands, and hit the drum surface alternately with the fingers of your left and right hands. When the drum is struck at the heart, it makes a "winter" sound, which is used for heavy beats; when the drum is struck at the edge, it makes a "da" sound, which is used for light beats. The reformed Dabu used python skin to cover the drum surface, which was better than sheepskin.

(3) The performance form of Dab

The Uyghur people are good at singing and dancing. Dab plays an important role in Uyghur folk instrumental ensembles and accompaniments, especially in singing and dancing. The main accompaniment instrument. Dabu's pronunciation is crisp and loud, the sound intensity changes greatly, and the technique is flexible, which can play a role in highlighting the emotions of a variety of different music.

12: Big cymbal

(1) The origin of the big cymbal:

The big cymbal is one of the Chinese national musical instruments, also known as the big cymbal.

(2) The structure of the big cymbal

The big cymbal is round (with a protrusion in the middle) and made of copper. Two sides are one pair, no fixed pitch.

(3) The performance form of the big cymbal

The big cymbal has a loud sound and is mostly used for ensembles, dramas, singing and dancing accompaniment.

13: Small cymbal

(1) The origin of the small cymbal:

As one of the Chinese national musical instruments, the small cymbal is also known as the small cymbal.

(2) The composition and structure of the large cymbal:

The shape of the small cymbal is the same as that of the large cymbal. Slightly smaller, no fixed pitch.

(3) Performance form of large cymbals:

Small cymbals have a crisp and bright tone and are often used in instrumental ensembles and accompaniment to opera, singing and dancing, and are suitable for expressing cheerful and lively scenes.

(4) Representative works and representative figures of big cymbal performance:

Representative works: "Duck Bickering" is based on Xi'an Drum Music's "Complete Set of Five-Tune Sitting Music·Zhongzhan Pink Disc" 》The opening gongs and drums were adapted into a percussion ensemble. Edited in 1982.

Representative: An Zhishun