Yue Ji
There have always been two theories about the year when "Yue Ji" was written and its author:
1. The book "Yue Ji" is It was written by Gongsun Nizi, a disciple of Confucius during the Warring States Period
2. This book was compiled by Han Confucians based on the remarks about music by various schools in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.
The book "Music Records" discusses various aspects of music, mainly including the following aspects:
1. Regarding the nature of music, "Music Records" has incisive remarks The discussion affirms that music is an art that expresses emotions. It believes:
“Every sound is born from the human heart, and the movement of the human heart is caused by things.”
"Every sound is born in the human heart, and emotions are moved in it, so it is shaped by sound: sound is written in writing, which is called sound."
The discussion of the essence of music in "Yue Ji" has a simple materialism point of view.
2. Regarding the relationship between music and politics, "Le Ji" emphasizes the close relationship between music and politics, and music and society. It believes:
“If the sound of the old governance is peaceful and happy, the government will be harmonious; if the sound of troubled times is angry, the government will be good; if the sound of the ruined country is sad, the people will be poor. The way of sound is related to "Zhengtong"
This theory caters to the requirements of feudal rulers to safeguard their own interests.
3. Regarding the social function of music, "Yue Ji" advocates the use of music in conjunction with government affairs, correct social atmosphere, etiquette, ethical education, etc., to serve the ruler's civil and military achievements. It believes:
“In the ancestral temple, if the emperor and his ministers listen to it together, everyone will be respectful; in the village of the patriarch, if Zhang You listens to it together, everyone will be docile;...”
"Rites, music, politics, and politics are all one and the same, so we should follow the people's hearts and minds to govern."
"That's why the former kings' politics and music were not based on the desire of the mouth, stomach, ears, and eyes. It will teach people how to like and dislike, and return to the righteousness of humanity."
4. Regarding the understanding of the beauty of music, "Le Ji" has a relatively in-depth discussion. It emphasizes that the pleasant feeling that music brings to people is indispensable to human life. It believes:
"Music is music, and human feelings are inevitable."
"Music" "Ji" is the master of pre-Qin Confucian aesthetic thoughts. Its rich aesthetic thoughts have had a profound impact on the development of Guai music for more than two thousand years, and it occupies an important position in the history of world music thought.
(I don’t know Tang) "Le Ji" is one of the 49 chapters in "Book of Rites". The "Book of Rites" is titled "The Nineteenth Book of Music", with about 5,000 words, including 11 chapters: "Leben Chapter", "Lecture on Music", "Le Li Chapter", "Le Shi Chapter", "Le Shi Chapter" "Le Yan Chapter", "Le Xiang Chapter", "Le Qing Chapter", "Wenhou Chapter of Wei", "Bin Mou Jia Chapter", "Le Hua Chapter", "Shi Yi Chapter", etc. According to Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty, there are 23 chapters in the ancient "Yue Ji", and the titles of the chapters are all recorded in his book "Bie Lu". Although "Bie Lu" has been lost, when Kong Yingda of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Commentary to the Book of Rites", he said that all the chapters of "Le Ji" recorded in "Bie Lu" were still "extremely preserved" at that time. According to Kong Yingda's records, these 23 chapters In addition to the above 11 chapters, it also includes "Music Pian", "Musical Instruments", "Music Composition", "Ideology Chapter", "Music Chapter", "Shuo Lv Chapter", "Ji Zha Chapter", "Music Chapter" There are 12 chapters including "Le Dao Chapter", "Le Yi Chapter", "Zhao Ben Chapter", "Zhao Song Chapter" and "Dou Gong Chapter". These 12 chapters have been lost.
There are different opinions on the author of "Le Ji" and the issues of the times. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" records that ancient music existed long ago, but was later lost and destroyed by the Qin Dynasty. In the early Han Dynasty, "the road of donating books was widely opened". King Xian of Hejian used his local power to collect ancient books and ancient music, and collaborated with Mao Sheng and others "The emperor picked up "Zhou Guan" and other scholars who talked about joy" and compiled it into "Le Ji". The 24 chapters of "Wang Yu Ji" listed in "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" may be "Yue Ji" compiled by King Xian of Hejian. They are not new works by Han people, but "old books from pre-Qin Dynasty".