The elements of music To talk about music, we must first discuss the concept: What is "sound"? Sound is due to the vibration of objects, which makes the surrounding air vibrate and spread around, forming a series of waves; These waves are sounds

There are many sounds that can be felt by our hearing in nature, but not all of them can be used as music materials

The sounds used in music are a series of sounds with a fixed frequency or a fixed pitch. This series of sounds is called a sound train, which is formed in the long-term development of music practice

These sounds are formed into a fixed system.

sounds used to express musical ideas and shape musical images have four properties: high and low, strong and weak, long and short, and timbre.

The level of sounds is determined by the vibration times (frequency) of an object in a certain period of time.

The vibration times are high, and the vibration times are low.

The audio range that ordinary people can hear is about 3-17 Hz.

The length of sounds is due to vibration. The vibration duration is short and the sound is short

The strength of the sound is due to the amplitude, that is, the amplitude of the object's vibration range.

The sound with large amplitude is strong, and the sound with small amplitude is weak.

The timbre (timbre or tonecolor) is determined by the harmonicwave generated by the sounding object. The nature and shape of the sounding object are different, and the generated harmonics are also different. Therefore, the timbre is different.

These four properties of sound are very important in music performance.

But the level and length of sound are more important.

Take the melody of Happy Birthday as an example. No matter whether you sing it with a human voice or play it with an instrument, you can sing it quietly or loudly. Although the strength and timbre of sound have changed, it is still easy to recognize that this melody is "Happy Birthday". If the pitch or sound value (length) of this song is changed, the music image will be destroyed, and people will no longer recognize that this is the original melody.

The vibration state of the sound is regular and irregular.

Accordingly, the sound is divided into two categories: musical sound and noise, and the main sound used in music is musical sound, that is, the sound with regular vibration state. However, noise is also an indispensable part of music performance.

After knowing the nature of sound, let's talk about several elements that make up music.

Music has four basic elements: rhythm, melody, harmony and timbre.

These four elements are the materials created by composers. If people who listen to music can't have a good understanding of the intricate rhythm, melody, harmony and timbre to a certain extent, they want to get a relatively complete concept of music content. Almost impossible

1. Rhythm and beat are important factors in the composition of music and have great significance in music performance

Rhythm and beat will always coexist in music. Inseparable

They organize music according to the length, strength and the fixity and accuracy of their mutual relations

The same time segments with and without stress are repeated in a certain order, which is called beats

For example, the neat steps in marching in procession fully embody this point

Assuming that the left foot is stressed and the right foot is not stressed, the left-right-left-right is light-heavy-light-heavy. This is the beat

. There are two meanings of rhythm: in a broad sense, all coordination, balance and rhythm can be called rhythm

in a narrow sense, rhythm is the relationship between the length of sounds

, which reflects the relationship between the length of sounds, such as boom-boom-boom, which is a typical rhythm in music works. It's called rhythm

For example, the fast three steps in ballroom dancing (equivalent to the Viennese Waltz in classical music) has a rhythm of "Peng, disassembly, disassembly, Peng, disassembly, disassembly", which belongs to 6/8 beat (pronounced as 86 beat) in musical terms.

Some rhythmic repetitions with obvious characteristics are used in music to make people feel and remember easily. Therefore, it is of great significance in music performance.

Rhythm also has a function, which is to stimulate the audience's emotions and make them involuntarily sing with music in physical movements. Modern rock music is a kind of music characterized by extremely strong and rough rhythm.

It caters to the exciting characteristics of young people very much, so it is popular all over the world.

Let's talk about the beat problem

Every time used to form the beat. It's called a unit beat

The stress used to form a beat is called beat stress

The stressed unit beat is called strong beat, and the unstressed unit beat is called weak beat

In music, the unit of beat is represented by fixed notes, and the beat is called beat

The numerator indicates the number of unit beats in each bar, and the denominator indicates the duration of notes in the unit beat

Beat. For example, 3/4 beat is read as four or three beats

In music, the part between the previous strong beat and the next strong beat is called bar

The vertical lines that separate the bars from each other are called bar lines

Due to the difference in the number of unit beats and the position of stress, There are several types of beats.

A beat with two or three beats per bar is called a single beat.

A single beat is characterized by only strong beats and weak beats.

For example, 2/2, 2/4, 3/4 and 3/8 are all single beats.

The same single beat, that is, two beats or three beats, is used to synthesize a sequence, so there is not only one beat that is repeated. The first beat of each single beat is a repeat

In the complex beat, the first beat is called a strong beat, and the other beats are called sub-strong beats

There are 4/4, 6/8, 9/8, 12/8, etc.

In music, all kinds of beats have their own performance functions, which cannot be replaced by other beats, such as marching. Complex beats often give special vitality to music, such as jazz and rock music.

Second, melody is the soul and foundation of music, which embodies all the ideas or main ideas of music.

When a writer writes a novel, he narrates the plot of the novel in words, which is easy to remember. On the one hand, it narrates things in real life. On the other hand, because people can go back and recall this plot

The content described by music is always abstract in essence (except for some title music), and the "plot" of music can only be expressed by melody, so melody seems to be equivalent to the position of plot in the novel in music

Melody is the guide of the audience

Therefore, when the audience touches a melody, they must be able to recognize it. And follow it from beginning to end.

This is the minimum requirement for an understanding audience.

If you can't recognize and track the melody when listening to music, then you don't need to listen to it, because you just vaguely feel the existence of music.

What is the melody? Simply put, the continuous progression of single tones with different pitches and different durations constitutes a melody. Strictly speaking, the melody is combined with the relationship of mode and rhythm and beat, and the single-part progression of many independent tones

Melody organically combines all the basic elements of music (here refers to mode, pitch, rhythm and beat, strength and so on) and becomes a complete and inseparable unity

Melody leaves other kinds of music. Because the performance of melody is that the sense of harmony is realized through the function and interaction of various elements of music

Melody can be divided into two types, vocal melody is for vocals, generally speaking, the range is relatively narrow, and its greatest feature is that it is full of singing

Instrumental melody is for musical instruments to play, which is different from vocal melody? ?????????????????????????????983 Melody can be divided into the following four ways: 1. Progressive < P > means that the melody is performed according to the scale, which can be ascending (12345) or descending (54321)

2. Jumping more than three degrees when jumping into the < P > melody is called jumping (135 or 531)

3. Repetition with the same tone <. That is, the repetition of different heights (123, 456, 654, 321)

In addition, the melody can be changed and developed by some means, thus expanding the scope of the melody and enriching the content of the melody

What is a beautiful melody? This is not an easy question to answer.

The composition skill book will put forward some conditions of beautiful melody, such as maintaining a certain relationship between sounds in the whole phrase or paragraph; There are obvious segments in the structure; There should be balance and contrast in the direction and rhythm; It is necessary to have characteristics in structure, so as to express a clear musical image

and so on

But even if you fully master these rules, you may not be able to write a beautiful melody

Some people say that the talent for writing melodies is natural, which makes sense

Compared with other musical factors (rhythm, harmony, etc.), the melody of a piece of music is the music that best reflects the composer's style characteristics

. It is often possible to roughly guess which period and genre a melody belongs to from an unheard melody. Generally, people who listen to music mainly rely on the melody to identify a piece of music.

Melody is a clue that continuously guides the listener to listen to a piece of music from beginning to end. When listening to music, we must firmly grasp this clue. Most melodies are more or less accompanied by some carefully designed secondary materials.

Don't let the melody be drowned by other materials that accompany it, but put the melody in your mind.