Absolute pitch, also known as perfect pitch, is a rare musical ability that enables a person to accurately identify or reproduce a heard pitch without a reference tone. In other words, if you play a random key on the piano, someone with absolute pitch will be able to tell you exactly which note it is, without having to rely on any other notes as a reference.

Absolute pitch is not just sensitivity to pitch, it also includes sensitivity to timbre, timbre, volume, intervals, chords and other musical elements. A person with perfect pitch can easily distinguish the same tone produced by different instruments and can even identify the key of a musical piece.

The specific cause of absolute pitch is not yet clear, and may be related to genetics, early music training, cultural background and other factors. Although absolute pitch is more common among musicians and composers than among the general population, not all musicians and composers possess this ability. In fact, the incidence of absolute pitch in the population is very low.

It is worth noting that although absolute pitch can play a role in music creation and performance, it is not a necessary condition for being a good musician. Many excellent musicians do not have absolute pitch, but understand and compose music through relative pitch (that is, the ability to identify the relative relationship between notes).