Gan Xi Mansion, also known as Ganxi's former residence or Ganjia Courtyard, is located in Qinhuai District, Nanjing. Built in the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, commonly known as "99 and a half rooms", it is the largest private residence in China. Together with ming tomb and the Ming City Wall, it is also known as the three major landscapes of Nanjing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has extremely high historical, scientific and tourism values and is the largest and most well-preserved private residence in Nanjing.

Ganxi's former residence is not a Huizhou-style building, nor a completely Soviet-style building. It has its own architectural style like Gaochun and Liuhe in Nanjing, and the whole building reflects the cultural taste and ethics of the gentry class in Jinling. The layout of the building is arranged in strict accordance with the patriarchal clan system and family system in feudal society, paying attention to the full house of children and grandchildren, which leads to the huge scale and strict hierarchy of the mansion, and the location, decoration, area and shape of all kinds of houses have unified hierarchical regulations.

Gan Xi House has been opened as the Nanjing Folk Museum, and was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 26. Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Gan Xi House Foreign Name: Ganxi Mansion Geographical Location: Qinhuai District, Nanjing Climate Type: Subtropical monsoon climate covers an area of more than 21, square meters Opening hours: 9:-18: Scenic Spot Level: National Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit Ticket Price: 2 yuan/ Famous scenic spot: Liyuan Yayun belongs to country: China belongs to city: Nanjing suggested tour time: 3 hours before departure, required reading, scenic spot dynamics, scenic spot introduction, key information, ticket reservation, scenic spot heat index, geographical location, historical evolution, main landscape, architectural style, detailed introduction, structural characteristics, historical evolution, traffic information, literary works, practical information, address, fare, Location: Gan Xi Mansion was built in the Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, covering a total area of more than 21, square meters. Together with ming tomb and the Ming City Wall, it is also known as the three major landscapes of Nanjing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has extremely high historical, scientific and tourism value and is the largest and most well-preserved private residence in Nanjing. In Nanjing, the large-scale multi-entrance hall-style houses are commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms". The reason is that nine is the largest positive number and auspicious number. After nine to ten, it will end, and in the end it will mean going downhill. Therefore, China has been called "the honor of the Ninth Five-Year Plan" since ancient times. The largest palace building in China, Gan Xi Mansion, is the Forbidden City, which is known as "9,999 rooms and a half", and the largest government building is the Confucius House, which is known as "999 rooms and a half", while the residential houses are at most "99 rooms and a half", which not only shows the modesty of not reaching a hundred rooms, but also shows the pride of only half a step to the goal. In fact, the former residence of Ganxi always has 162 rooms. Gan Xi, the second son of Gan Fu, was a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. He was once a scholar and had a rich life work. According to legend, Gan was a noble family in Jinling, and his father and son visited wuyue all over the world, collected 1, books, built a library, and became a famous building in Tianjin, so they went down in history. In November 1992, the museum was opened to the public. In 1995, it was designated as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. In 21, it was listed as a patriotic education base under the jurisdiction of * * *. In 26, it became a national key cultural relic protection unit. The outer side and the historical old street of Xi' nanli form an old street with distinctive folk culture. Ganxi's former residence, commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms" in Nanjing South Capturing Hall, has been restored to its original appearance after more than a year of maintenance, and it is antique. This 99-and-a-half-room grand building was built in Ganfu, Jiangning in the early years of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, including the Tianjin Capture Building, which has a large collection of books. Gan Xi, the second son of Gan Fu, was a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, and he wrote a lot in his life. Jinling Gan family is a prominent family in the south of the Yangtze River. Its ancestor can be traced back to Gan Mao, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty in the Warring States Period. Later, Gan Luo, Gan Ning and Gan Zhuo were all famous figures. In this life, Gan Gongsan and his sons, Gannan Xuan, Gan Tao and Gan Luzhi, are also famous figures in Nanjing literary and art circles. In the early days of the liberation of the tourist map, the new society, mainly Gan's, established the "Friends Art Collection" in conjunction with the Chinese Society and the China Associated Press. Later, Gan Luzhi, Yu Zhiqing, Xu Xinyue, Chen Zhenyuan and others, together with Sayinglu of Nanjing Institute of Technology, set up the "Nanjing Peking Opera Art Research Society" under the leadership of the Nanjing Municipal Political Consultative Conference and the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, which made the Peking Opera activities in Nanjing ticket industry flourish. Later, Gan Luzhi, Xu Xinyue and others jointly held the Zhongshan Amateur Peking Opera Training Class with the support of Jiangsu Peking Opera Theatre, which cultivated a number of new forces for Nanjing ticket industry. Today, Gannan Xuan, Wang Jianyun, Gan Tao and Gan Luzhi have passed away one after another. Fortunately, Wang Jianyun's daughter, Wang Xiaodan, is the third generation of the Jingkun family of Gan's family. She has inherited the Mei School Tsing Yi art from her father. Ganxi's former residence has made three great contributions from ancient times to the present. First of all, these 99 semi-large private houses in Qing Dynasty have high artistic value of classical architecture. Secondly, there are a large number of precious ancient books in Tianjin Capture Building. After liberation, Gan Gongsan donated all of them together with hundreds of woodcut editions of Bai Xia Suo Yan and Jian Kang Shi Lu to Nanjing Library for free, which is a part of national traditional culture. Thirdly, he has done fruitful work for promoting the art of Beijing and Kunqu. Gan Gong San loved opera since childhood, and made a profound study of Taoist music. He was good at playing sheng, Xiao, flute, sanxian and pipa, and studied Kunqu opera. In 1935, he made several copies of "Send a Son" and "Sweep a Song" in Shanghai EMI Record Company. In 1957, he was invited by Jiangsu Radio Station to record ten pieces of flute music. It is this old artist who trained the second generation of Beijing-Kunming talents and benefited the third generation to continue the cause of Beijing-Kunming. These three contributions of Ganxi's former residence are immortal. Since ancient times, Gan's family has made great contributions to the country in literature or martial arts, while Gan Gongsan and his children have devoted their lives to promoting the art of Jingkun. Today, Ganxi's former residence has been restored and opened, and at the same time, the Jingkun Research Society has been established. Under the auspices of Gan Gongsan's granddaughter Wang Xiaodan (the daughter of Wang Jianyun), Nanjing ticket lovers are United to carry out artistic activities. The main landscape "Little Gentleman Chinese Traditional Culture Experience Hall" was the first Chinese traditional culture experience hall built by Jiangsu Positioning Future Culture Development Co., Ltd. in Nanjing in 213. With the aim of "guarding the inheritance and watching the dream", we will carry out a series of theme experience activities such as "opening ceremony" and "becoming a child's gift" around "etiquette", so that children can touch the essence of their own national culture from an early age, insert tea and piano music in a series of links, enhance their understanding of traditional culture, stimulate their inner character and preferences, and then shape a graceful and polite little gentleman through in-depth and systematic study. At the beginning of 214, in response to the call of cultural return, we added two branches, Gan Xi Mansion and Ten Dynasties Historical and Cultural Park, to condense the strength of cultural figures from all walks of life, integrate traditional skills such as tea art and archery, and hold dozens of experience activities such as opening ceremony and adult ceremony, which benefited students and parents of dozens of schools and provided a communication platform for cultural inheritors. The opening ceremony "Book of Changes, Meng Gua, Xun": "Being enlightened is also a holy work." One of the four great gifts in life is of great significance to scholars, also known as "breaking the veil". At the beginning of school, children are taught the basic principles of life by the enlightenment teacher, and they are taught literacy and etiquette, paying homage to Confucius, the former teacher, and then entering school. Suitable for children aged 6 to 8 to salute in kindergarten graduation ceremony, elementary school entrance ceremony, birthday, anniversary and other activities. Accept the essence of traditional culture of diligent study, respect for teachers and filial piety, respect for morality and determination, and kindness in life, and complete the baptism of the soul and the enlightenment of wisdom. Warn children that they have entered the learning stage and should learn modestly. There is a saying in the initiation ceremony "Book of Rites and Quli Shang": "Life is ten years old and you are young and learn." The tenth birthday is the first decade in life, and it is a milestone for children to bid farewell to ignorance and move towards being thoughtful and sensible. Growth ceremony is a milestone for children's growth and an important stage in life. Through the collective celebration of the tenth birthday, we can experience the happiness of growing up, the love of our parents and our responsibility for the future. Growth ceremony is suitable for age: it is suitable for teenagers aged 12 to 15 to salute in elementary school graduation ceremony, junior high school entrance ceremony, birthday, anniversary and other activities. Significance: ① Make a wish on your tenth birthday and set up a beautiful ideal. 2 bid farewell to childhood and gradually become a young man. 3 Grateful for parents' upbringing and grateful for teachers' teaching.

④ Be grateful for your classmates' help and cherish a happy life. Adult ceremony "Book of Rites Internal Rules": "Being an adult, dancing like an elephant, learning to shoot the imperial." Ritual, shoe also. The ceremony of becoming a child means that children enter the ceremony of being a teenager and learn the art of riding a royal horse to show their ability to protect their country and defend their country. Suitable for teenagers aged 12 to 15 to salute in elementary school graduation ceremony, junior high school entrance ceremony, birthday, anniversary and other activities. Say goodbye to childhood, be grateful and determined, be clear-minded, be moral, tell everyone, be filial to your parents, be upright, and report to your country. Adult ceremony "The Book of Rites, Guan Yi": "It's the way to be an adult when you are crowned with ambition." "Book of Rites and Music": "I'm confused, so don't be male or female." Adult ceremony is divided into men's crown ceremony and women's gift. "Book of Rites": "The crown is the beginning of the ceremony." Crown ceremony is the first of Chinese etiquette system and the beginning of Han Chinese ethics. As an adult ceremony for women, the gift-giving procedure is basically the same as the crown ceremony. Suitable for young people aged 18 to 2 to salute in high school graduation ceremony, college entrance ceremony, birthday, anniversary and other activities. Those who perform the coronation ceremony can face up to the responsibility on their shoulders, complete the role change and declare that they have grown up. After bidding farewell to childhood, any speech act must be responsible for itself. When facing life, there is nothing to rely on or escape, but to stand up and move towards the future life with dignity. Traditional local materials and climatic conditions make the houses have a more uniform tone. The main component of the former residence is the entrance hall, which is the first entrance in the multi-entrance courtyard. The juxtaposed rooms also include the lobby, concierge and accounting office. On both sides of the gate, we can see that the wall is smooth and flat. It is said that craftsmen use planers to plane bricks, which makes the wall extremely flat, and there is almost no gap between bricks. These bricks are also called planing bricks. This process is called grinding bricks to seam. Sedan Hall: In the second entrance, there are also rooms arranged together with the entrance hall (such as the entrance to No.15 South Capture Hall), which are places for guests and owners to get on and off the sedan chair. Hall: used for receiving guests, weddings and funerals, it is the main body of residential buildings. In order to deepen the building and highlight the height of the building, the hall generally adopts beam-lifting structure to show the owner's wealth and status. The internal building is exquisitely structured and luxuriously decorated. Three-bay, the width of the bay decreases from the center to both sides, that is, the middle is wider, and each entrance to the hall is a long floor-to-ceiling door, which can be opened completely. The inner wall of the hall is provided with a partition wall (also called a screen door) to avoid the direct line of sight to the inner courtyard. Calligraphy and painting, couplets and plaques are hung on the partition wall, which together with the indoor furniture form a colorful space in the hall. There are corridors in the front, back, left and right of the hall, and the corridors can also be connected with the side equipment. This layout makes the service personnel walk back and forth without interfering with the activities in the hall. Hall No.19 (also called Hall) of the South Catching Hall: There are steps at the lower end of the hall building. In the room, there used to be a single blue basin or jar under the four corners of the gray floor tile. Hundreds of blue basins discharged under the floor of the hall can make the room have better moisture-proof and sound-proof effects. Only large families who pay attention to building houses can use this method. At the same time, the overall height of the building has also increased the grandeur and solemnity of the hall. Inner hall: located in the fourth and fifth entrances, it is used for the life and daily life of the owner and his wife. The lower floor of the inner hall is the place where the family members live and do housework, and the upper floor is the bedroom. The fifth is the youngest woman in the family, so it is also called Xiulou. Kitchen and other service rooms: arranged at the end or edge of the house, which can lead to the market through the back door or through preparation. Corridor preparation: There is a passage with a width of about 1 meter to 1.5 meters between the buildings, also known as the tunnel. It serves as a fire escape. In case of fire, people can walk through this lane to put out the fire. In addition, due to the feudal society, men are superior to women, the ages are orderly, and the master and servant are distinct, so we must not cross the line. The host and distinguished guests take the main hall avenue, and the preparation lane is the passage for women and servants to walk. From here, we can see the discrimination against female surnames and working people in feudal society. Courtyard: As an important part of residential buildings, the functional needs have brought about extremely rich changes in the space environment. From the perspective of the actual and virtual changes in space, what is real is the buildings in residential buildings, and what is imaginary is the courtyard space that is open upward. Courtyard can function as lighting, ventilation and drainage. The depth of most courtyards is shallow, which is about 1: 1 compared with the height of buildings. Combined with the veranda and overhangs of buildings, the traffic area inside the whole house is reduced, which saves land and avoids direct sunlight in summer. In winter, due to the overhangs, sufficient indoor sunshine can be ensured. The greening in the courtyard is simpler and more elegant than that in the garden, so as not to block the space. The courtyard in front of No.15 Flower Hall in Nanbu Hall is internally equipped with rockeries and flower stones, which are separated by flower walls to regulate the temperature and ventilate. The cheerful color tone composed of courtyard greening and bright skylight is in sharp contrast with the harmonious and peaceful color tone inside the building, which makes the internal space of the whole residence change endlessly. Bank up wall: The tall bank up wall makes the building beautiful and majestic, effectively prevents fire and wind, separates the building space, and divides the functions of its various parts. The traditional exquisite decoration skills of stone, wood and brick carving make the architectural details of residential buildings change endlessly. They are unique in architectural decoration art and give full play to their practical value and unique aesthetic function in architecture. They are the brilliant labor creation and industrious accumulation of ancient working people, leaving an extremely valuable cultural heritage for future generations. The sculptures are diverse in theme and rich in content, with patterns such as bamboo node rising, grapes bearing fruit, Five Blessingg holding longevity and prolonging life, among which "Ten Scenes of Fu Lu" symbolizes "Rong Lu" and "Celebrating the Birthday of Guo Ziyi" means "Blessing longevity". In Liangfang and other places, there are also various auspicious patterns such as rich bats (Quanfu), white deer (Bailu), cypress ribbon birds (Baishou), bats (Fuqing), flat peaches and cranes (Heshou), and jade halls with wealth, good luck, three levels of promotion, peace and wealth. These wood carvings are exquisite. The interior is also decorated with floor-to-ceiling covers, hanging down, etc., representing piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, plum, orchid and bamboo. There are brick carvings on the gatehouse and other parts in front of the hall, such as the Eight Immortals crossing the sea and Fu Lu Shou Xi, which are rich in form and content and are comprehensive arts in architecture, sculpture, painting, calligraphy and opera. Architectural Style The former residence of Ganxi is not Huizhou architecture, nor is it a completely Soviet-style architecture. Like Gaochun and Liuhe in Nanjing, it has its own architectural style in Nanjing. For example, the gatehouse is relatively simple and elegant, and the bank up wall is particularly tall and practical. The whole building reflects the cultural taste and ethical concept of the gentry class in Jinling. Building of Ganxi's Former Residence In 1982, the Nanjing Cultural Relics Department found Ganxi's former residence with "99 and a half rooms" in the cultural relics survey. In order to effectively use and reproduce the style of Jiangnan folk houses in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the cultural relics department restored some buildings and built the Nanjing Folk Museum, which was opened to the public in November 1992. Nanjing Folk Museum is located in Ganxi's former residence in Nanbu Hall, Qinhuai District. The former residence has more than 3 houses. Due to the royal regulations, there should be no more than 1 private houses. Gan Xi was an official in the DPRK and knew the laws and regulations, so he declared "99 and a half rooms". natural science