Chaozhou music is a general term for various traditional folk instrumental music spread in the eastern Guangdong region of Guangdong Province. The main characteristics of Chaozhou music are simple elegance and beautiful lyricism. Its main instruments are erxian, erhu, dulcimer, gongs and drums, etc. percussion. Let me introduce to you some information about Chaozhou music!
The historical origin of Chaozhou music
Chaozhou music is spread in the eastern Guangdong region of Guangdong The general term for various types of folk instrumental music. In addition to eastern Guangdong, it is also widely popular in southern Fujian, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Southeast Asian countries and influxes of trendy people. Chaozhou City is the center and birthplace of Chaozhou music. Its origins can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and it matured in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Chaozhou music has a long history and is closely related to the history of ancestors and cultural development in eastern Guangdong. Ancient Chaozhou during the Spring and Autumn Period was known as Nanman and Baiyue, and was the residence of the Guyue ethnic group (Minyue ethnic group). But there was already bronze culture at that time, which shows that the Central Plains culture has penetrated here. Bronze culture and Shang and Zhou culture relics have been frequently discovered in ancient Chaozhou tombs. Chaoyang District and Huahu Town, Huilai County have produced bronze Yong bells, which are ritual instruments in temples and belong to the Western Zhou culture. A bronze drum from the Western Zhou Dynasty was salvaged from the seaside of Shenquan Port in Huilai County, indicating that the ancient Chaozhou ancestors had already used Shang and Zhou cultural artifacts. Due to the "Yongjia Rebellion", "Anshi Rebellion" and "Jingkang Rebellion" in history, Han people from the Northern Central Plains migrated southward on a large scale.
For example, in the first year of the Jin Dynasty, the residents of Shanxi and Shaanxi who moved south with Emperor Jin Yuan lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Later, they moved to Fujian to escape the war; during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, some residents moved south to guard against Japanese pirates on the border. Fujian later experienced military disasters in the late Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and there was a historical fact that they moved southward on a large scale. They settled in Jiangxi, Zhangpu and other places in Fujian, and then moved into the tide one after another. From this, it is self-evident that the music culture of the Central Plains has spread with the people. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a foreigner named Meng Liangkui wrote a poem "Chaozhou Bamboo Branch Poems" after the Chaozhou Chaozhou Chaozhou Chaozhou Chaozhou Chaozhou Branch: "Spring begins from the beginning of the new year, and the green suburbs are filled with incense and dust. It is strange that his customs have different origins, and his skirts and clogs are as graceful as those of Jin Dynasty. ". The words can reflect the historical fact that the descendants of the Han people in the Central Plains lived in the Chaoshan area. Until Qin Shihuang unified China and sent troops to Baiyue and set up Jieyang garrison. Qin general Shi Lu and his family later stayed in Jieyang, and also introduced the Central Plains culture to Baiyue. The ancient Chaozhou ancestors' long-term assimilation process with the Central Plains Han people gradually integrated into the Han family, which also accelerated the mutual penetration and integration of the Central Plains music culture and Chaozhou indigenous music culture. This is the accumulation of history and culture and the origin of Chaozhou music.
The artistic characteristics of Chaozhou music
As a part of Chaozhou traditional music, Chaozhou opera music had a great impact on social life and citizens’ cultural awareness during this period. Drawing on the essence of music from many foreign opera types, integrating, integrating, evolving, developing and perfecting it, the status of Chaozhou opera music in social life has been rising day by day, and Chaozhou traditional music has become more diversified in music structure, thus forming the Chaozhou Music is a rich and unique art system.
From the comparison of the scales and modes of Chaozhou music melody and the scales and modes of Qinqiang, it can also be seen that they are related to each other, such as the interval structure, characteristic intervals, characteristic sounds and their expression connotations. Due to the particularity, There are many similarities in the modal alternation caused by the interval relationship, and the natural modal color contrast, such as "change into palace" and "leap as palace", and "change into palace as angle", which promotes the development of melody tonality, etc.
The "Huo Wu" tune of Chao music can be regarded as the ancestry of the ancient Yan music scale in our country, the "Chong Liu" tune can be regarded as the ancestry of the ancient Yadong scale in our country's variant, and the two "bian and leap" tunes The ambiguity of sounds is also characteristic of the Yan music scale.
After the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, "the pillars prompting the strings to mourn" has become a prominent feature of "Qin Zheng". The Chao Zheng's "quick strings and quick columns" method gradually derived from the "light and heavy three-six" technique, which has the same playing techniques as the "happy sound" and "bitter sound" of the Qin opera and Chu tune of the open strings and the side modulation of the open strings and scattered sounds. Changes are the same. This is another example of Chaozhou music inheriting traditional music from the Central Plains.
The main characteristics of Chaozhou music are simple elegance and beautiful lyricism. Its main musical instruments are percussion instruments such as erxian, erhu, dulcimer and gongs and drums. Chaozhou music retains many ancient Nanyin charms and is increasingly attracting attention from the world. It originates from local folk songs, songs and dances, and minor tunes, and absorbs materials from Yiyang tune, Kun tune, Qin tune, Han tune, Tao tune and Faqu. It is inclusive and has its own genre. It is rich in resources and has many varieties, which can be roughly divided into two categories: square music and chamber music. The former includes Chaozhou big gongs and drums, Waijiang gongs and drums, Chaozhou small gongs and drums, Chaozhou Huayin gongs and drums, Chaozhou eight-note gongs and drums, and the latter includes flute ancient music, Chaozhou string poetry music, Chaozhou fine music, Chaozhou temple music, etc. The frequently performed and widely circulated "Thrush Jumping on the Frame" and "White Butterflies Picking Flowers" are excellent works of Chaozhou small gongs and drums. Xiansi music, also called Xianshi music, is a kind of music played by several people. This kind of music has a light and lyrical tune, a harmonious and pleasant melody, and has the charm of southern music. It is the most popular and popular type of music in rural areas of Chaozhou (prefecture). Flute set music can be divided into flute set, gongs and drums, and flute set music. It is a type of court music with a solemn and simple style. Chaozhou Xiyue is a variant of Chaozhou Xiansi music. It is a music type played with Sanxian, Pipa and Guzheng as the main instruments. It is fresh and delicate, and has a very lyrical charm. Temple music is a kind of music played during Buddhist activities. It is melodious and elegant. This kind of music is played in various temples. Therefore, Chaozhou music is a large and complete music system.
Chaozhou music is rich in connotation. It can not only express the interest of flowing water on a small bridge, but also interpret the epic of majestic mountains and rivers. The "Er-Four Notation" unique to Chaozhou music is a very ancient musical notation. In its unique temperament, the flexible changes in the two tones of "si" and "fa" reflect the unique charm of Chaozhou music and at the same time constitute Chaozhou music. There are various modes such as light sixth, heavy sixth, live fifth, reverse line, etc., and the performance emphasizes giving full play to the two techniques of rhyme and improvisation.
The structural form of Chaozhou music
The musical structure of Chaozhou music has national characteristics and conforms to national aesthetic habits. The spin method is mainly based on the five tones as the backbone. Although there are six and seven tones in use, the essence is the relationship of "Five Tones". The musical temperament basically uses the three-point gain and loss law, but in the heptatonic scale, because the si tone is low and the fa tone is high, 3/4 whole steps and 1/2 semitones often appear, so-called neutral fourths and neutral sevenths. The musical interval has gone beyond the limitations of the law of gain and loss in thirds. Due to the slight rise, fall and wandering of certain musical notes in pitch, the spin method pays great attention to modification and rhyme, causing all kinds of changes in mode and color, which are endlessly confusing.