1. Breathing training

Singing breathing is the driving force for vocalization and the foundation of singing. Without good breathing methods to control and use the breath, there will be no beautiful and sweet singing. All voice performance techniques are inseparable from breathing. Clark argued in "On Breathing" that the first thing a singer should do is to learn proper breathing. Pressman believed in his "Physiology of the Larynx" that breathing is the vitality of sound. It is said in traditional Chinese vocal music treatises: "Qi is the teacher of sound. If the qi is weak, the sound will be thin, if the qi is turbid, the sound will be stagnant, and if the qi is dispersed, the sound will be exhausted." It also shows that singers at home and abroad, both ancient and modern, attach great importance to breathing in singing. important role.

To learn to breathe, you must first understand how to breathe. There are three breathing methods:

(1) Upper chest breathing. This type of breathing is a method of controlling your breathing with your upper chest. The amount of inhalation is small and shallow, reaching only the upper part of the lungs, which can easily cause tension in the muscles around the larynx and neck, resulting in a tight, dry, and inelastic sound. This kind of phenomenon is more common among beginners, especially amateur singers. This is a bad breathing method that needs to be corrected.

(2) Abdominal breathing. This kind of breathing is a breathing method that relies on the expansion of the soft ribs and the swelling and contraction of the lower abdomen. It inhales deeper than Upper Chest Pose, but has its limitations. Due to inhaling too deeply, the breath is often not smooth, which affects the part where the sound is produced. The tone in the middle and low range is dull, the sound lacks flexibility, and the sound appears low.

(3) Thoracic and abdominal combined breathing. This kind of breathing is a breathing method that uses the chest, diaphragm, ribs, and abdominal muscles to control the breath simultaneously. This breathing method is recognized and commonly used in the vocal music circles at home and abroad in modern times as a scientific breathing method that conforms to the laws of physiological mechanisms. This breathing method has many advantages. It has strong ability to control the breath, exhales evenly and controlledly, can store more breath, has an obvious breathing fulcrum, expands the sound range, and harmonizes the high, middle and low sound areas.

It’s not enough to know how to breathe. It also requires long-term and unremitting practice before you can use it freely when singing. There are two commonly used practice methods now.

Inhale quickly and exhale slowly: This breathing method is the most commonly used one when singing. It should be practiced regularly. The specific method is: inhale quickly, pause briefly, and exhale slowly. You can feel it this way: imagine that a very close friend who has not been with you for a long time suddenly appears in front of you. You gasp in surprise, almost shouting, and then stop in this state. After a few seconds, it seemed as if there was an external force pushing the lower abdomen back. I felt that my lower abdomen was fighting against this external force, and I exhaled slowly. At this time, the diaphragm plays a strong supporting role.

Inhale slowly and exhale slowly: Inhale slowly, pause briefly, and then exhale slowly. You can experience it this way: when you receive a bouquet of your favorite flowers and you are happily smelling the fragrance of the flowers, you will find that your chest is lifted forward and upward naturally rather than artificially, and the rib muscles, including Expand the waist to all sides at the same time, maintain this state, and only relax and inhale the muscles below the abdominal diaphragm. When blowing the air, think of blowing out a candle. Blow down the burning candle, but don't blow it out. Just like that, keep the candle light neither rising nor extinguishing it. Keep it for a little longer, and then breathe again. To achieve this requirement, the inhalation must be as natural, calm and gentle as when smelling flowers. Exhalation must be even and controlled. Similarly, if you want to practice inhaling slowly and exhaling quickly, take a slow breath and blow out the candle all at once.

2. Vocal exercises

Vocal exercises are the most basic and simple exercises for training vocal skills. In fact, it is to extract the most basic and simple motives or phrases that make up the melody of the song, match them with simple vowels or syllables, and practice singing repeatedly by moving semitones up or down in the appropriate range. There are various methods and steps for vocal practice, and there are many schools of thought. However, no matter what methods and steps are used, the following goals are achieved:

(1) Consciously use the breath to make sounds, and gradually control the breathing with the diaphragm.

(2) Form the correct larynx position, liberate the larynx, stabilize the laryngeal organs, closely coordinate the movement of the vocal cords with breathing, adjust appropriately, and when singing notes of high, medium, low, and different strengths, All have better sound effects.

(3) Train how to adjust the vocal cavity, and appropriately expand the adjustable shape of the vocal organs-the pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, and laryngeal cavity. Using the head cavity and chest cavity, which cannot adjust the shape of the singing organs, through the adjustment and use of the singing cavity, the volume can be increased and the tone can be beautified.

(4) Breathing, larynx (vocal cord), and vocal organs work closely together to produce sounds in coordinated movements, achieving unified vocal areas, full of intensity and changes in timbre.

In addition, appropriate vowel sounds should be selected during pronunciation exercises. When starting to practice vocalization, not everyone can sing all the six vowels of aeiouu well. With the help of the teacher, you need to start practicing with the most natural and beautiful vowels. In this way, it will be easier to adjust the vowels. Focus on the position and coordinate the role of sound waves in the buzzer. After you have practiced the most convenient and natural vowels, gradually adjust them to promote other vowels, and the progress of vocal practice will be much faster.

The vocal exercises are initially based on the natural vocal range and gradually expand to the range of the middle vocal range. On the basis of practicing the middle voice area, further expand the range to achieve the sound characteristics and range that the voice part should have.

3. Singing language

Singing language is an important part of vocal training.

Singing is a form of musical expression that combines musical voices with language to further express feelings. Singing language can directly reveal the literary and ideological content of the song, highlight the style of the work, and Click directly to display the song image and artistic conception.

The general requirements for singing language are: the initial consonants are accurate and dexterous, the final shapes are well maintained, the rhymes come back naturally and at the right time, and the yin and yang should be kept in mind. Priorities must be clearly distinguished, and the tone and tone must be handled well.

The prefix must be pronounced correctly, but not fatally. When the word head is bitten, it should transition to the belly of the word naturally and timely. After the belly of the word is clear, the sound should be collected and returned to the rhyme in a timely manner. We must pay attention to the connection between the three, so that the transition is natural and smooth, forming a whole. In addition, the pinyin must be pronounced accurately, such as "l" and "n", "flat tongue" and "warped tongue", "f" and "h", "front nasal rhyme" and "back nasal rhyme" must be distinguished, and the intonations must be distinguished. precise.

Singing language must be closely integrated with the breathing, vocalization, and chanting of singing. Singing language must be coordinated with flexible breathing and smooth and penetrating vocals in order to achieve a profound and touching effect.