Select a world cultural heritage (or world natural and cultural heritage) or world intangible cultural heritage, and describe their resource situation, characteristics, and global status.

Yungang Grottoes 1 In order to protect the world cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO officially adopted the "Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" at its 17th General Conference on November 16, 1972 ( (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"). In 1976, the World Heritage Committee was established and established the World Heritage List. China acceded to the Convention on December 12, 1985, and was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee on October 29, 1999.

The places included in the "World Heritage List" by the World Heritage Committee will become world-class scenic spots and can receive assistance from the "World Heritage Fund", and relevant units can also organize tourists to visit. Since places included in the World Heritage List can gain the attention and protection of the world, increase their visibility and generate considerable economic and social benefits, countries are actively applying for "World Heritage".

Due to the increasing number of countries and projects applying for "World Heritage", there are already 37 projects. The 26th meeting of the World Heritage Committee held on April 28, 2002 decided that the conditions for approving world heritage sites will be stricter in the future. A country can apply for up to two heritage sites at a time (including at least one natural heritage nomination). There is no world heritage site yet. The country of attraction will have priority. World Heritage includes four categories: "World Cultural Heritage", "World Natural Heritage", "World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and "World Cultural Landscape".

[Edit this paragraph] Heritage nomination

The State Party shall endeavor to submit to the World Heritage Committee a list of properties within its territory that are suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, together with relevant information. The Heritage Committee entrusts the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) to evaluate the nominated cultural heritage and natural heritage respectively, and to jointly evaluate the cultural scenic spots in the cultural heritage to decide whether Comply with standards and authenticity conditions and provide a final evaluation report. The Heritage Council stipulates that assessments should be as rigorous as possible. It also stipulates that when the Heritage Committee evaluates whether a nomination can be included in the World Heritage List, representatives of the government of the nominating country, whether or not they are members of the Committee, are not allowed to vote in favor of the property nominated by their country.

Heritage nominations uniformly use the form developed by the committee. The form requires filling in multiple contents, mainly including the following:

First, the exact location: country; province, city; heritage name ;Maps and plans showing heritage sites and geographical coordinates.

Second, legal information: heritage owner, public or private, laws and regulations regarding the protection and management of this heritage, degree of openness, management agencies and organizations.

Third, explanatory materials: heritage descriptions and diagrams, photos, and film materials, historical conditions, and documentary materials

Fourth, preservation status: description of current status, protection and management agencies, previous storage process, protection measures, and local opening plans.

Fifth, the reasons for proposing to be included in the list: what specified standards are met, the protection status of the local site and the authenticity of the heritage are evaluated based on comparison with other similar sites.

Sixth, special materials required for nominating a group of buildings or sites: maps of different scopes and scales, topographic maps and plans, a variety of photos, slides and CDs, research results on this heritage Information on treatises and relevant institutions, legal information on protection, and information on management agencies at all levels.

[Edit this paragraph] Procedures and Current Situation

The World Heritage Center will forward the relevant materials to international professional consulting agencies, which will conduct inspections and demonstrations from the end of the current year to March and April of the next year, and submit an evaluation report to the World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee convenes a meeting of the Bureau (seven member states) from the end of June to the beginning of July every year to initially review matters related to World Heritage work, including new (previous year) World Heritage nomination projects, and make recommendations; and then every year A special meeting of the Presidium will be held from the end of November to the beginning of December to supplement the review of matters unfinished by the first Presidium meeting, and then submit relevant major events, including the review and approval of new World Heritage nomination projects, to the World Heritage Committee that will be held immediately after the Presidium meeting. Passed by the plenary session.

The application procedures and timetable are generally as follows: July 1st, the deadline for accepting nomination applications. On September 15, the Secretariat will register and request the missing materials. Applications with complete materials will be handed over to the International Council on Monuments and Sites or the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. These two organizations will check again and request the missing materials. Before April 1, the two organizations will conduct professional evaluations based on the standards set by the committee and notify the secretariat of the results. There are three types of results: unreservedly recommended for inclusion on the list; recommended not to be included on the list; and unclear whether it is suitable for inclusion. directory. In April, the Secretariat checks the evaluation results and informs the committee member states. In June and July, the Office of the Heritage Committee examines the nomination application and makes recommendations to the Committee. There are four recommendations: include without reservation; not include; return to the applicant country for additional explanations and materials; due to further evaluation or research Delay the trial. From July to November, the Secretariat sends the Office’s recommendations to all member governments of the Heritage Committee and other relevant governments. For projects that are recommended for inclusion in the list, the Secretariat will wait for feedback from countries and then forward them to the member states of the International Council on Monuments and Sites, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Heritage Committee. If the required information is not received by October 1, the nomination will not be considered at the committee meeting in December of that year. For estates that require supplementary materials, if they are just materials to verify facts, they will be reviewed again that year. In December, the World Heritage Committee held a plenary meeting to review the nominations based on the recommendations of the committee office, additional information provided by the countries concerned, and the assessment reports of the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and finally adopted a decision, deciding* **There are three types: included; not included; postponed review. In January, the Secretariat forwarded all decisions from the December meeting of the World Heritage Committee to all governments. At this point, one round of application work is completed. In other words, it takes at least one and a half years to apply for a new World Heritage Site.

In 1978, the World Heritage Committee determined the first batch of 12 world heritage sites to be included in the World Heritage List. Thereafter new properties are added to the list every year or two. The Secretariat of the Heritage Committee, composed of officials responsible for UNESCO's heritage conservation programmes, has also begun its work. The Heritage Committee has considered heritage nominations annually since 1978. As of 2007, there were 851 world heritage sites in the world, including 660 cultural heritage sites, 166 natural heritage sites, and 25 dual world cultural heritage sites and natural heritage sites [1].

From October 17 to November 21, 1972, UNESCO held its 17th session in Paris and adopted the Convention for the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, clarifying the definition of cultural heritage. :

1. Cultural relics: buildings, stele carvings and paintings, archaeological components or structures, inscriptions, caves and complexes with outstanding universal value from a historical, artistic or scientific perspective;

2. Architectural group: A group of independent or connected buildings that have outstanding universal value in terms of uniform distribution of architectural styles or integration with environmental scenery from the perspective of history, art or science;

3. Sites: places such as human projects or joint projects between nature and man, as well as archaeological sites, which have outstanding universal value from a historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological perspective.

In 1992, the World Heritage Headquarters was established in Paris to be responsible for the coordination of World Heritage-related activities, ensure the implementation of the Heritage Convention, hold the World Heritage Annual Meeting, recommend that signatory countries submit nomination lists, and organize the World Heritage The Heritage Foundation's international engagement is responsible for reporting on the condition of heritage sites and taking urgent action when heritage is threatened.

[Edit this paragraph] China’s 38 World Heritage Lists

As of June 2009, China has 38 cultural sites and natural landscapes included in the World Heritage List, including There are 25 cultural heritage items, 8 natural heritage items, 4 dual cultural and natural heritage items, and 1 cultural landscape item.

1. Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

The Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site is located in Longgu Mountain, Zhoukoudian, Fangshan District, Beijing. It is famous for the relatively complete Peking Man fossils unearthed in the 1920s, especially the discovery of the first Peking Man skull in 1929, which provided a solid foundation for the existence of Peking Man and became a landmark in the history of ancient human research. milestone. So far, the human fossils unearthed include 6 skulls, 15 mandibles, 157 teeth and a large number of bone fragments, representing about 40 Peking Man individuals. It provides physical basis for studying the early biological evolution of human beings and the development of early culture.

According to research on cultural deposits, Beijingers lived between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. The average brain volume of Beijingers is 1088 milliliters (the brain volume of modern people is 1400). It is estimated that the height of Beijingers is 156 centimeters (males) and 150 centimeters (females). People in Beijing belong to the Stone Age, and the main method of processing stone tools was hammering, followed by smashing, and occasionally anvil. Pekingese were also the first ancient humans to use fire and hunt large animals. People in Beijing have shorter lifespans. According to statistics, 68.2% die before the age of 14, and less than 4.5% die before the age of 50.

An ancient human fossil that lived around 20,000 years ago was unearthed on the top of Longgu Mountain in 1930 and named "Singding Cave Man". In 1973, the "Xindong Man" between the two eras was discovered, indicating the continuation and development of Beijing Man.

2. Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

Commonly known as Thousand Buddha Caves. It is located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. It has five floors and is about 1,600 meters long from north to south. The grottoes were first excavated in 366 AD, and were excavated by more than a dozen dynasties from the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Yuan Dynasty, forming a rich and large-scale grotto group. There are 492 existing caves, 45,000 square meters of murals, more than 2,400 painted sculptures, more than 4,000 flying apsaras, 5 wooden structures in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and thousands of lotus pillars and floor tiles. It is a vast and profound museum composed of architecture, painting and sculpture. The comprehensive art palace is the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art treasure house in the world, and is known as the "Pearl of Oriental Art". At the beginning of this century, the Sutra Cave (Cave 17 of the Mogao Grottoes) was discovered. The cave contains between 50,000 and 60,000 scriptures, documents and cultural relics from the 4th to 10th centuries. It attracted great attention from scholars at home and abroad, and formed the famous Dunhuang Studies.

3. Taishan, Shandong 1987.12 Dual cultural and natural heritage

Taishan, the ancient name is Daishan, also known as Daizong. The natural landscape is majestic and marvelous, with thousands of years of spiritual culture and cultural landscape as the backdrop. It is known as the epitome of the Chinese nation's spiritual culture. In 1987, it was announced as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO.

During the inspection of Mount Tai, World Heritage experts found that Mount Tai has both outstanding and universal natural science value, as well as outstanding universal aesthetic and historical and cultural value. It is a magical place that integrates natural science and historical and cultural values. Big mountains.

4. The Great Wall 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

As time goes by, things and people change. Now when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majesty of the Great Wall meandering among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

In November 2002, the Jiumenmen Great Wall in Liaoning, China's only water Great Wall, passed the acceptance of UNESCO and was officially listed as a World Cultural Heritage as part of the Great Wall.

5. Shaanxi Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors and Horses 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

Located 5 kilometers east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province and 36 kilometers away from Xi'an, it is the imperial mausoleum of Qin Shihuang Yingzheng. The mausoleum is divided into two parts: the cemetery area and the burial area. The cemetery covers an area of ??nearly 8 square kilometers, with an outer building and an inner city. The enclosure is square and conical, with a slightly flat top and a height of 55 meters. It is not only the first emperor's mausoleum in Chinese history, but also the largest emperor's mausoleum.

Since 1974, three pits of terracotta warriors and horses have been discovered 1.5 kilometers east of the cemetery, and 8,000 pottery figurines, hundreds of chariots, tens of thousands of physical weapons and other cultural relics have been unearthed; A large bronze chariot and two horses were unearthed on the side. It caused shock and concern all over the world and was known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has been established in pits 1, 2 and 3 and is open to the public.

6. Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: Beijing Forbidden City (Beijing) 1987.12, Shenyang Forbidden City (Liaoning) 2004.7 Cultural Heritage

Also known as the Forbidden City, it is located in the center of Beijing and was the site of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the imperial palace of the dynasty, 24 emperors successively ascended the throne and ruled here. Founded in 1406, it has been nearly 600 years. The Forbidden City is the largest and most complete ancient wooden building complex in the world. It covers an area of ??720,000 square meters, with a construction area of ??about 150,000 square meters. It has more than 9,000 palaces, among which the Hall of Supreme Harmony (also known as the Golden Palace) is The place where the emperor held grand ceremonies such as his accession to the throne, birthday celebrations, and military expeditions. The Forbidden City, with its yellow tiles and red walls, golden doors and red couplets, white jade carved railings and overlapping palace palaces, is majestic and majestic. It is the essence of ancient Chinese architecture. The palace now houses about 1 million precious cultural relics and works of art from past dynasties.

In July 2004, the Shenyang Forbidden City was included in the World Heritage List as an expansion project of the cultural heritage of the Ming and Qing imperial palaces.

7. Huangshan, Anhui 1990.12 Dual cultural and natural heritage

Huangshan is located in the beautiful southern Anhui and is one of the most famous mountain scenic spots in my country. The mountain is majestic, with exquisite rocks and various shapes. The main peak, Lotus Peak, is 1,860 meters above sea level. The beauty of Huangshan lies in the "four wonders" of strange pines, strange rocks, sea of ??clouds and hot springs. Since ancient times, people who have visited famous mountains have thought that the beauty of Huangshan Mountain is no less than that of the Five Sacred Mountains. "When you come back from the Five Mountains, you don't see the mountains. When you come back from Huangshan, you don't see the mountains." Visitors from past dynasties have praised Mount Huang as "the most famous scenic spot in the world", saying that the majesty of Taidai, the steepness of Mount Hua, the smoke and clouds of Hengyue, the waterfalls of Kuanglu, the strange rocks of Yandang, and the coolness of Emei, Huangshan has it all. The scenic beauty of Huangshan Mountain is based on its peaks. The peaks and forests here are like the sea, the land is skyrocketing, the cliffs are abrupt, and the ravines are vertical and horizontal. It is so beautiful.

8. Sichuan Huanglong National Scenic Area 1992.12 Natural Heritage

Huanglong Scenic Area is located in Songpan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Area is 700 square kilometers. The main landscape is concentrated in the Huanglong Valley, which is about 3.6 kilometers long. The ditch is covered with carbonate carbonate deposits and arranged in terraces, like a golden dragon, accompanied by snow-capped mountains, waterfalls, virgin forests, canyons and other landscapes. Huanglong Scenic Area is famous for its unique karst landscape and its rich animal and plant resources. From the bottom of Huanglong Valley (2000 meters above sea level) to the top of the mountain (3800 meters above sea level), there are subtropical evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, coniferous broad-leaved mixed forests, subalpine coniferous forests, alpine shrub meadows, etc. More than 10 species of precious animals, including giant pandas and golden monkeys, roam here, making the Huanglong Scenic Area's special karst landforms and rare animal and plant resources intertwined and natural. With its majestic, steep, strange and wild scenery, it enjoys the reputation of "wonders of the world" and "fairyland on earth".

9. Hunan Wulingyuan National Scenic Area 1992.12 Natural Heritage

Wulingyuan Scenic Area is located in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province. With a total area of ??369 square kilometers, it consists of four major scenic spots: Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, Suoxiyu, Tianzi Mountain, and Yangjiajie. The main landscape is the quartz sandstone peak forest landform. There are 3103 strange peaks in the territory, with various postures and spectacular views. In addition, there are crisscross ravines, dense streams, dense forests, and few people. The forest coverage rate is 85%, the vegetation coverage rate is 99%, there are more than 3,000 species of medium and high plants, more than 700 species of trees, and as many as 450 species of ornamental garden flowers. There are 116 species of terrestrial vertebrates in 50 families. The underground caves in the area are studded with jade. The total area of ??the proven cave bottom of Huanglong Cave is 100,000 square meters, with a total length of 7.5 kilometers and a vertical height of 140 meters. It is a component of the World Geopark and the first batch of national 5A-level tourist areas in Zhangjiajie Wulingyuan. . Wulingyuan is famous for its "Five Wonders": strange peaks, strange rocks, deep valleys, beautiful waters and karst caves.

10. Sichuan Jiuzhaigou National Scenic Area 1992.12 Natural Heritage

Jiuzhaigou Valley, famous for its "fairy tale world" and "fairyland on earth", is located at 103° 46 ′ -104° 4′ east longitude. North latitude 32° 51 ′ -33° 19′, in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, northwest Sichuan Province, at the northern foot of the Gaerna Mountain Peak on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude between 2000 meters and 3000 meters, far from the capital of Sichuan Province 435 kilometers from Chengdu.

11. Hubei Wudang Mountain Ancient Building Group 1994.12 Cultural Heritage

Wudang Mountain, with its majestic peaks and lofty peaks, stands tall in Shiyan City, a mountainous city in western China. Longitude 1100, near latitude 320 north. The scenic spot "stretches for eight hundred miles". In ancient times, Wudang Mountain's prominent position as "an unparalleled scenic spot in ancient times and the best fairy mountain in the world" has become a "treasure place of divine peaks" that people have worshiped for thousands of years; in contemporary times, the State Council praised the ingenious combination of ancient buildings and the natural environment in Wudang Mountain to achieve It has created the artistic conception of "Fairy Mountain and Qiongge" and has become a famous tourist attraction and religious activity venue in my country.

12. Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius Forestry in Qufu, Shandong Province 1994.12 Cultural Heritage

Qufu Confucius Temple, Confucius Mansion and Confucius Forestry are located in Qufu City, Shandong Province. They are the commemoration of Confucius in Chinese dynasties

Answer: VIP Money - Level 1 2009-11-27 11:34

Yungang Grottoes 1 In order to protect the world's cultural and natural heritage, UNESCO established it in November 1972 On the 16th, the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention") was formally adopted at the 17th General Conference. In 1976, the World Heritage Committee was established and established the World Heritage List. China acceded to the Convention on December 12, 1985, and was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee on October 29, 1999.

[Edit this paragraph] Heritage nomination

Heritage nominations uniformly use the form developed by the committee. The form requires filling in multiple contents, mainly including the following:

First, the exact location: country; province, city; heritage name ;Maps and plans showing heritage sites and geographical coordinates.

Second, legal information: heritage owner, public or private, laws and regulations regarding the protection and management of this heritage, degree of openness, management agencies and organizations.

Third, explanatory materials: heritage descriptions and diagrams, photos, and film materials, historical conditions, and documentary materials

Fourth, preservation status: description of current status, protection and management agencies, previous storage process, protection measures, and local opening plans.

[Edit this paragraph] Procedures and Current Situation

From the nomination of a property to its inscription on the World Heritage List, there are several procedures and a relatively long time. Before July 1 of each year, the World Heritage Committee shall, in accordance with the strict format and content prescribed by the unified regulations, send the official application text (including text, drawings, slides, photos, videos or CDs, etc.) of the preparatory projects that the country considers to be fully mature to the world. Heritage Centre. The World Heritage Center will forward the relevant materials to international professional consulting agencies, which will conduct inspections and demonstrations from the end of the current year to March and April of the next year, and submit an evaluation report to the World Heritage Committee. The World Heritage Committee convenes a meeting of the Bureau (seven member states) from the end of June to the beginning of July every year to initially review matters related to World Heritage work, including new (previous year) World Heritage nomination projects, and make recommendations; and then every year A special meeting of the Presidium will be held from the end of November to the beginning of December to supplement the review of matters unfinished by the first Presidium meeting, and then submit relevant major events, including the review and approval of new World Heritage nomination projects, to the World Heritage Committee that will be held immediately after the Presidium meeting. Passed by the plenary session.

For projects that are recommended for inclusion in the list, the Secretariat will wait for feedback from countries and then forward them to the member states of the International Council on Monuments and Sites, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and the Heritage Committee. If the required information is not received by October 1, the nomination will not be considered at the committee meeting in December of that year. For estates that require supplementary materials, if they are just materials to verify facts, they will be reviewed again that year. In December, the World Heritage Committee held a plenary meeting to review the nominations based on the recommendations of the committee office, additional information provided by the countries concerned, and the assessment reports of the International Council on Monuments and Sites and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and finally adopted a decision, deciding* **There are three types: included; not included; postponed review. In January, the Secretariat forwarded all decisions from the December meeting of the World Heritage Committee to all governments. At this point, one round of application work is completed. In other words, it takes at least one and a half years to apply for a new World Heritage Site.

[Edit this paragraph] China’s 38 World Heritage Lists

1. Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

People in Beijing have shorter lifespans. According to statistics, 68.2% die before the age of 14, and less than 4.5% die before the age of 50.

2. Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

3. Taishan, Shandong 1987.12 Dual cultural and natural heritage

4. The Great Wall 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

The Great Wall of China is the greatest construction project in the history of human civilization. It was built more than 2,000 years ago during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, after the Qin Dynasty unified China. Together they form the Great Wall. Large-scale construction was carried out in the Han and Ming dynasties. The vastness of its projects and the majesty of its momentum can be called a miracle in the world. As time goes by, things and people change. Now when you climb the ruins of the former Great Wall, you can not only witness the majesty of the Great Wall meandering among the mountains, but also appreciate the great wisdom and courage of the Chinese nation in creating history.

5. Shaanxi Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Terracotta Warriors and Horses 1987.12 Cultural Heritage

Since 1974, three pits of terracotta warriors and horses have been discovered 1.5 kilometers east of the cemetery, and 8,000 pottery figurines, hundreds of chariots, tens of thousands of physical weapons and other cultural relics have been unearthed; A large bronze chariot and two horses were unearthed on the side. It aroused shock and attention from all over the world and was known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum has been established in pits 1, 2 and 3 and is open to the public.

Hope to see you all again.

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