"Le (Le Four Tones) Book" is not easy to record, but I just feel that there are essences everywhere. Although, this article is also one of the "records but no books". Therefore, we still focus on recording Tai Shigong’s wonderful writings. Why is this article called Le (le) book and not Le (yue) book?
First record the common sense of rhythm. The so-called tone refers to the five tones and the six rhythms and six lu. The five tones are Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, and Yu; the six rhymes are Huangzhong, Dacu, Guxi (three tones of xian), Ruibin, Yize, and Muxe (four tones of yi); and the six lu (four tones of yi) are Da Lu, Ying Zhong, Nan Lu, Lin Zhong, Zhong Lu and Jia Zhong. Lu and Lu each have a semitone, which is combined into twelve rhythms with six tones each for yin and yang. The odd-numbered tones are lü and the even-numbered tones are lü.
Tai Shigong said: "If a gentleman does not keep the promise (frugality, by extension poverty), he will cultivate virtue, and if he is full (enrichment), he will abandon etiquette. Yi (Yi) can think about the beginning (the beginning of a business), An Neng Only at the beginning, bathing in grace (favor) and singing about diligence, who can do this except a great virtue?" This sentence means: A gentleman does not practice virtue because of poverty, and does not abandon etiquette because of enrichment. Even if you are not at ease, you can still miss the difficulties of starting a business. When you are stable, you can think of the ups and downs in the beginning. When you are bathed in blessings and happiness, you can not forget to sing the poem of hard work. Who can be like this if you are not a virtuous person! I have read this sentence many times and recited it like a song.
"The way of people in the sea will deepen, their virtue will be great, and those who enjoy it will benefit from it. If it is full without loss, it will overflow; if it is full without sustaining, it will overflow." It means: the deeper the truth of life in the world, the more The higher the virtue, the more special the person who thinks happiness is. When the water is full, it will overflow if it is not reduced; when it is full, it will pour if it is not controlled. It was extended to the later "Full losses, modest gains." How insightful.
"Everyone who enjoys music should enjoy it sparingly. A gentleman takes humility as a courtesy, and takes loss as a joy, and he is happy to do so." Looking at the music book together, this sentence is the starting point of Tai Shigong and the music book fundamentals to be clarified. He believes that people who generally create music aim to moderate excessive entertainment. The essence of music is that a gentleman takes humility as a courtesy and reduces excessive desires as a pleasure.
"I think that the states are different, and the sentiments and habits are different, so I learn from the customs and compare the rhythms to make up for shortcomings and changes, and help the flow of politics and religion." It means to learn from the customs and habits of various places and match the rhythms. , learn from each other's strengths, adjust education, and assist in the promotion of administrative education.
"When the music is harmonious and harmonious, birds and beasts can feel it, but the five constants, including likes and dislikes, are natural trends?" It means that when the music is harmonized and played, the birds and beasts will be moved, not to mention the mind (Deyi) Li Zhi Xin) People with the Wuchang nature and full of emotions of love and hate, it is natural for them to be infected by happiness, right?
The above is only part of the first paragraph of the music book. Taishi's public words are concise, the explanation is clear, and it is catchy to read.
He gave an example of Qin II preferring "entertainment". Prime Minister Li Sijin admonished him: "Abandoning "Poems" and "Books" is extremely sensual, so Zuyi (a wise minister during the reign of King Zhou) Fear; accumulating small mistakes lightly and letting one's heart wander all night long, is why Zhou died. "It means: giving up poetry and books and focusing on sensuality, this is what Zuyi is afraid of; despising small mistakes and indulging in entertainment all night long, Shang Zhou." Therefore perish. Zhao Gao said: "The five emperors and three kings have different names to show that they do not attack each other. From the imperial court to the people, they can receive joy and work together diligently. Otherwise, harmony will not make sense, and the solution will not flow, and each will live in his own life. Transformation, the joy of passing time, why should we go far away from Huashan?" It means: the music of the five emperors and the three kings are different and have no inheritance. From the imperial court to the people, they relied on it to express joy and communicate feelings. Otherwise, joy cannot be communicated and happiness cannot be spread. Each era has its own customs. Music should be chosen according to the era. Why do you have to have a Huashan horse to go a long way! The second thought that Zhao Gao was right. I think what Li Si said is correct, and what Zhao Gao said is not easy to refute. The two should be combined, neither rigid nor too indulgent.
Shi Gong also gave the example of Emperor Gaozu's "Great Wind Song" when he visited Peixian County and it was sung by later generations without any changes. Emperor Wu composed Chapter 19 ("Songs of Suburban Sacrifice"), and Li Yannian composed the music, and "made seventy boys and girls sing together. The spring song "Qingyang", the summer song "Zhu Ming", the autumn song "Xi Hao", The winter song "Xuan Ming" was later composed as "The Song of Taiyi" (this song was inspired by the sweat-blooded horse and the Western expedition to capture the Dawan horse. Friends who are interested can check it out).
Some ministers advised the emperor to get a few horses, compose songs, and use them in sacrifices. How could the late emperor and the people understand? The emperor was unhappy, so the prime minister suggested that his entire family should be killed.
The following text is probably added by later generations. Sperm selection should be recorded.
"Music is the origin of music, and its origin lies in the human heart's feeling of things." It means that entertainment is produced by music, and the essence of music is the human heart's feeling of things. "Therefore, etiquette guides one's aspirations, music harmonizes one's voice, government conducts one's actions, and punishment prevents one's treachery. Ritual, music, punishment, and government are the best, so we govern with the people's hearts in mind." It means to use etiquette to guide people. People's aspirations and interests, music to harmonize people's voices, decrees to unify people's behavior, and punishments to prevent people from being treacherous. The ultimate goal of ritual, music, and punishment is the same, which is to unite as one and bring great order to the world.
Record a little knowledge about the five tones.
Everyone knows that the five tones refer to Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. According to the theory of the five elements, the palace belongs to earth, is in the center, and covers all directions. The maximum number of the palace string is eighty-one, and the palace is the king; Shang belongs to gold, and the four seasons belong to autumn. The Shang string has seventy-two strings, and Shang is the minister; the horns belong to wood, and the palace is the minister. It belongs to spring, with sixty-four silks, and the horn is the people; Zheng belongs to fire, and belongs to summer, and the fifty-four silks, Zheng is the thing; Feather belongs to the water, belongs to the winter, and the forty-eight silks, the feathers are the things.
"The way of sound is related to politics. The palace is the king, the merchants are the ministers, the horns are the people, the levies are the things, and the feathers are the things. If the five are not chaotic, there will be no stagnation (zhanpingsheng) The sound (sound) is stuck.” The author explains that if the five tones are not chaotic, the world will be harmonious. Then connect happiness and ethics. Said: "That's why you need to examine the sound to know the sound, the sound to know the music, the music to know the government, and then you are ready to govern." It means to examine the sound to understand the tone, examine the tone to understand the music, examine the music to understand the politics, and then the principles of governing the people can be understood. Complete. Therefore, the author further elaborates: "Therefore, those who don't know the sound can't talk about music, and those who don't know the music can't talk about music. Knowing music is almost as good as etiquette. If you have both etiquette and music, you are said to be virtuous. Those who are virtuous have gained it." (This sentence should be a reference to the story of Confucius learning the piano. If you are interested, you can check out "Confucius' Family")
The author uses a long length to elaborate on the view that the human heart is the origin of music. It is said that "human beings are born quiet, which is the nature of nature", because people are always infected by external things, "and people's likes and dislikes are unregulated, it is because things come and people transform into things." Therefore, the purpose of formulating rituals and music is not to satisfy the appetite Entertainment for the eyes and ears is used to educate the people to judge good and evil and to control their desires. Then it discusses from various aspects the classification of rituals and music into upper and lower grades, high and low, etc. It is different from today, but the place where music is discussed is still worth reading. For example: "Music refers to the harmony of heaven and earth; ritual refers to the order of heaven and earth. Harmony means that all things are transformed; order means that all things are differentiated. Music is made by heaven, and etiquette is controlled by earth."
Later, the dialogue between Marquis Wen of Wei and Zixia, the dialogue between Confucius and his guest Mou Jia, the dialogue between Zigong and Shi Yi, and the story of Duke Ling of Wei and Duke Ping of Jin are added. The length is too long and it is not suitable to repeat them.
The last paragraph should be written by Tai Shigong. "Tai Shigong said: The ancient kings of the Ming Dynasty made music not to entertain themselves, but to indulge their desires and use them as a cure." This means that the wise kings of ancient times made music not to entertain themselves or indulge in pleasure, but to entertain themselves and indulge in pleasure. It is to govern the country. "All orthodox religions begin with sound. Right sound leads to right conduct. Therefore, music stirs the blood, circulates the spirit, and harmonizes the righteous heart. The Forbidden City stirs the spleen and harmonizes the righteousness, Shang stirs the lungs and harmonizes the righteous, and the horns stir the liver and harmonize the righteous. "It moves the heart and harmonizes the righteousness, and the feather moves the kidneys and harmonizes the righteous wisdom." It is comfortable to read Tai Shigong's words, which are concise and concise.
"Therefore, hearing the sound of palace makes people warm and comfortable; hearing the sound of business makes people upright and loving righteousness; hearing the sound of horn makes people feel compassionate and loving; hearing the sound of zheng makes people happy and good. He is good at giving; Hearing the sound of feathers makes people neat and polite. The husband's etiquette comes from the outside, and the joy comes from the inside. Therefore, a gentleman cannot leave the etiquette for a moment, and he will be arrogant and arrogant; Then evil will lead to poverty. Therefore, music is the source of righteousness for a gentleman. "Tai Shigong's writing style is easy to understand at first glance, and the more you read, the more you will have endless aftertaste."