Yes, probably

Thousands of years of profound cultural inheritance

——One of a series of reports on Kaifeng’s historical and cultural spectacle

Reporter Liu Yang

Kaifeng is a world-renowned historical and cultural city with a long history and profound cultural heritage. Like a timeless poem, a jar of aged wine, or a classic book, people can never finish reading it. There’s so much to taste and see! Here is the only urban central axis in the world that has not changed for thousands of years. Here is the tallest, oldest and best-preserved glazed brick tower in my country. Here is the oldest existing building in Kaifeng - Fan Tower. Here is There are also the ruins of Tokyo City, a cosmopolitan city in the Northern Song Dynasty, composed of three walls: outer city, inner city and imperial city. This is the pride of Kaifeng people and the pride of all Chinese people.

Culture was used as a medium to integrate into the “One Belt, One Road”

During the period, the Song Dynasty culture was created that was splendid and had a profound influence on future generations. The long history and splendid culture have left a rich cultural heritage to future generations. Thousands of years of history and culture have accumulated, permeated, condensed and fermented here.

In this ancient city, the simple and profound history and culture are endless. Walking in the ancient city of Kaifeng, history and culture are everywhere. Every brick and tile, every street and alley in Kaifeng exudes the charm and cultural atmosphere of an ancient capital. A place name, a street, a section of ruins and even old streets and alleys seem to be telling people about the vicissitudes of the past. Some people say that in Kaifeng, if you pick up an ancient brick casually and look carefully, you can find a piece of history; if you pick up an old tile casually and read it carefully, you can find half of the mark of the civilization of the Central Plains.

In order to facilitate people's understanding and memory of Kaifeng's historical and cultural knowledge, Ji Bingwei, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, took the essence and summarized it as "a central axis, two ancient towers, a triple city, and four rivers running through the capital" , five major lakes, six superimposed cities, seven business cards, eight ancient capitals, nine titles, and ten cultures." "A central axis" is the Royal Street-Zhongshan Road, "two ancient pagodas" are the Iron Tower and Fanta Tower, the "three-layered city" is the outer city, the inner city, and the imperial city, and the "four rivers running through the capital" are the Bian River and Cai River. , Jinshui River, Wuzhang River, the "five major lakes" are Longting Lake, Baogong Lake, Tieta Lake, Sunshine Lake, and Northwest Lake, and the "six cities superimposed" are Daliang City in Wei State, Bianzhou City in Tang Dynasty, Tokyo City in Northern Song Dynasty, Jin Dynasty Bianjing City, Kaifeng City in Ming Dynasty, and Kaifeng City in Qing Dynasty, the "seven business cards" are the eight ancient capitals, the first batch of historical and cultural cities, China's outstanding tourist cities, China's famous chrysanthemum cities, China's famous calligraphy cities, China's famous collecting and cultural cities, and national health cities. The "ancient capitals of the dynasties" include Xia, Wei, Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, Northern Song, and Jin. The "nine titles" include Laoqiu, Qifeng, Daliang, Junyi, Kaifeng, Bianzhou, Tokyo, Bianjing, and Bianliang. The "ten cultures" are palace culture, government culture, loyalty culture, religious culture, folk culture, garden culture, food culture, chrysanthemum culture, opera culture, and calligraphy culture. At around 19:00 on September 24, a WeChat post with the title "See how Kaifeng Municipal Party Committee Secretary Ji Bingwei promotes Kaifeng", the Kaifeng Daily WeChat public divided Tokyo City into the Imperial City, the Inner City and the Outer City. The imperial city has a circumference of about 2.5 kilometers, the inner city has a circumference of 10 kilometers and 155 steps, and the outer city has a circumference of 25 kilometers and 165 steps. Regardless of whether the imperial city, the inner city or the outer city are connected by this imperial street. "Tokyo Menghualu" records, "Fangxiangyu Street, going south from Xuande Tower, is about two meters wide

The two ancient pagodas tell the story of Kaifeng

Chinese ancient pagodas, It is one of the carriers of China's 5,000-year civilization history and is known as the outstanding high-rise building in ancient China. In the ancient city of Kaifeng, there are two ancient towers - the Iron Tower and the Fan Tower, which have stood for thousands of years in the wind and rain and are famous. At home and abroad.

The Kaifeng Iron Tower, located in the northeast corner of Kaifeng City, was built in the first year of Emperor You of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1049). It was originally called Kaibao Temple Tower and is 55.63 meters high and has 13 octagonal floors. Inlaid with brown glazed bricks, the color is similar to iron. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been commonly known as the "Iron Tower" among the people. According to Liu Rong, director of the Iron Tower Scenic Spot, the Iron Tower is famous both at home and abroad for its exquisite architectural art and majestic beauty. It is currently the most popular structure in our country. The tallest, oldest and best-preserved glazed brick pagoda is one of the first batch of nationally protected cultural relics announced by my country in 1961. It enjoys the reputation of "the best pagoda in the world".

Historical records indicate that Kaifeng. The predecessor of the Iron Pagoda was a wooden pagoda located in the Fusheng Courtyard of Kaibao Temple. It was first built in the seventh year of the Taiping Xingguo period, which is also said to be 982 AD, and was completed in the second year of Duangong, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. It was called Fusheng Pagoda. In the sixth year of Xiangfu, in May, when the golden light appeared, Japan used artillery to bomb the iron tower. The eaves and walls of the tower from the fourth to thirteenth floors in the north were damaged to varying degrees, but they still stood tall. On October 30, 1952, when Mao Zedong came to Bian to inspect the Yellow River, he visited the Iron Tower and praised it.

"The iron tower is high, the iron tower is high, the iron tower only reaches the waist of the tower." This is an old folk song that is still circulating in Kaifeng. Fan Pagoda is located in the ancient Fan Terrace in the southeast of the ancient city of Kaifeng. It was built in the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 974). It was originally called Xingci Pagoda. Because it was built in Tianqing Temple, one of the four royal temples in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is also called Tianqing Temple Pagoda. , and because it was built on Fantai, it is commonly known as "Fanta" and is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

According to Li Man, director of Yanqing Guanfan Pagoda Cultural Relics Protection and Management Office, Fan Pagoda is the oldest existing building in Kaifeng, with a history of more than 1,000 years. It is a typical representative of the hexagonal pagoda in the early Northern Song Dynasty and is inspired by its In the early Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of pagoda buildings with similar styles appeared in the Central Plains, centered on the Fan pagoda.

The Fan pagoda is 36.68 meters high and has a base area of ??501.6 square meters. Statue bricks are embedded inside and outside the pagoda, one brick for each image. The body forms a unified whole. The sculpture art of Fanta is extremely exquisite, including nearly 100 kinds of Bodhisattvas, Arhats, musicians, etc., more than 7,000 statues in different postures, vividly showing the sculptures of Song Dynasty artists

The three-layered city shows the charm of the ancient capital

The Northern Song Dynasty was the most glorious and dazzling period in the history of Kaifeng, with a prosperous economy, the wealthiest city in the world, a population of over one million, beautiful scenery, and magnificent city walls. At that time, Tokyo city was not only the political, economic and cultural center of the country, but also one of the most prosperous metropolises in the world at that time. Later generations used the phrase "Bianjing is as gorgeous as the world" to describe the prosperity of Tokyo city. Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty was not only the peak period in the history of Kaifeng's urban development, but also occupied an important historical position in the development history of ancient Chinese capitals, playing a role as a link between the past and the future.

A large number of archaeological explorations and excavations have shown that the city of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty had three walls: the outer city, the inner city, and the imperial city, forming a grand momentum of overlapping layers and tight barriers. Among them, the outer city has a circumference of about 50 miles; the inner city surrounds the imperial city and has a circumference of about 20 miles; the imperial city is located in the center of the city and has a circumference of about 5 miles.

The outer city, also known as Xincheng and Luocheng, is the first barrier of Tokyo's military defense. Due to the wars and floods in the past dynasties, it used to be majestic.

The four rivers in Guandu and the five major lakes

Water is the source of life; water is the soul of the city. A city with water always has a different charm. A city with water will have thousands of styles. "One city has the charm of Song Dynasty and half the city has water". Our city is famous for its developed water system. There are lakes and rivers in the city. The urban water area reaches 170 hectares, accounting for 1/4 of the old city area. Walking by the Baogong Lake, where the water and sky are the same color, and wandering in the picturesque scenery of Yangjia Lake and Panjia Lake, which can "identify loyalties and traitors", many people's hearts are deeply shocked by the beautiful scenery of the "Northern Water City".

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng's water system had formed a network and was known as the "four rivers connecting the capital", and its transportation was very developed. This is because after the establishment of the Song Dynasty, although the Central Plains region was relatively prosperous at that time, it was not enough to rely solely on the financial and material resources of one region to supply the needs of millions of officials and people in the capital. At that time, major canal waterways such as the Bian River, Huimin River, Guangji River, and Jinshui River surrounded the capital and radiated in all directions. The canal network with the capital as the core was the most critical external condition for Kaifeng to maintain its status as the capital.

Maintaining the canal network centered on the capital and keeping it flowing smoothly was an important task of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Bianhe River was not only the water transportation lifeline for maintaining the rule of the Song Dynasty, but also its political lifeline. Among the various canals renovated in the early Song Dynasty, the Bianhe River, which leads to Zhuojun in the north and transfers Jianghuai to the south, is responsible for most of the water transportation tasks. It is the main waterway from Kaifeng to the Jiangnan region and the main transportation artery that maintained the survival of the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the management of the Bianhe River from beginning to end. Through the Bianhe River water transport, food and silk from the south, rare treasures from the South China Sea, and most of China's wealth were continuously transported to the capital. Tokyo gradually became a luxurious city connected to all nations. At that time, Tokyo's rivers were full of boats and merchants day and night. There was a saying that "eight wastelands were fighting, and all nations were connected." Kaifeng's city size, economic development level and population at that time exceeded those of Chang'an and Luoyang during the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It was not only the national political, economic and cultural center, but also the most prosperous city in the world.

Today, as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, Kaifeng not only has rich cultural landscapes and garden landscapes, but also has large areas of water and complete river systems. This " The charm of "Northern Water City" makes people forget to leave.

According to the "Compilation of Basic Information on Kaifeng City Master Plan", there are 122 main rivers in the city, and the ones with a drainage area of ??more than 100 square kilometers include the Yellow River, Guohe River, Huiji River, Jialu River and Hongwei River. , Xiaoqing River and 32 others. At present, the urban area mainly includes Huangbian River, East Moat River, Guangji River, Xizhi River, Huiji River, Libian River, Donggan Canal and Nangan Canal.

Kaifeng has five major lakes: Longting Lake, Baogong Lake, Tieta Lake, Sunshine Lake, and Northwest Lake, as well as Liuchi, Blackchi, and Yanjia Reservoir. Among them, Liuchi is located in the northwest of Liuyuankou, 6 kilometers north of Kaifeng City. The pond is long from north to south and narrow from east to west. It is bag-shaped, with an area of ??3.6 square kilometers and a water depth of 2.5 meters. It is the main source of domestic water in Kaifeng residential areas and has the benefits of irrigation and breeding. Black Pool is located on the south side of the Yellow River Embankment, 9 kilometers northwest of Kaifeng City. It was formed by the Yellow River bursting its embankment. It covers an area of ??2.4 square kilometers. It is an important Yellow River diversion reservoir in the urban area. The average annual Yellow River diversion volume is 287 million cubic meters. It is a supply It is an important source of water for urban areas. Water is in the city and the city is in the water. There is water in the south of the city, water in the north of the city, water in the west of the city, and water in the east of the city. No matter where you are in the city, as long as you take a few steps, you can enjoy the shining waves in the blink of an eye. "On October 7, Liu Jingyue, a Xuzhou citizen who came to Kaifeng for tourism, was full of praise for the water city Kaifeng.

Write a great article about the water city

On the evening of May 4, 2013, at the Xisi Pier of Baogong Lake in Kaifeng, lanterns were lit, gongs and drums were loud, and a fully loaded cruise ship pushed through the blue waves. Amid cheers, it drove slowly from south to north, kicking off the Yuhe water tourism project.

The navigation of Yuhe River is the epitome of our city’s efforts to do a good job in “water affairs” and build an international cultural and tourism city.

In the past, the various lakes in our city were not connected to each other, making it difficult to form a continuous urban landscape system. In order to change this situation, the municipal government determined the Songdu Water System Project that connects the "Four Rivers" to the "Five Lakes", connecting the city's tourist attractions through the water system, allowing tourists to visit the ancient city amidst the sound of oars and painted boats. The Songdu Water System Planning Project is 8,400 meters long and will be constructed in three phases. The entire line is themed to reflect the folk culture of the Song Dynasty, with waterscapes, greening and Song-style landscape architecture forming the landscape theme.

Since 2002, our city has invested in the construction of the Songdu Water System Project, opening the 1,600-meter-long Guangji River, connecting Longting Lake and Tieta Lake, which is called the first phase of the water system project. In addition, the 600-meter-long Libian River was also renovated to connect Longting Lake and Tieta Lake with the water system outside the city.

In early 2007, the second phase of the water system project was implemented as a key public welfare project of the municipal party committee and municipal government. The second phase of the water system project invested in 3 implicit and meaningful Song poems. In these five landscape gardens, people ponder the thousand-year rhyme of the poem "The morning breeze on the willow bank and the waning moon"; in the beautiful landscapes such as the cloister, Sendai, wooden trestle curved bridge, they can taste the original Song lyrics, music and dance, Henan opera, folk music and other The sound of Song Dynasty is full of sounds, the wind of Song Dynasty is majestic, and the charm of Song Dynasty is everywhere. The water in Kaifeng is full of historical memories and cultural accumulation.

Also at night, the ancient city of Kaifeng is crowded with people, shadowy and shadowy. Audiences in groups of three or five are talking and laughing, walking in a hurry, passing through the gate and going straight to the Jinglong Lake Scenic Area in the Qingming Shanghe Garden...< /p>

Their purpose is to see the excitement of the large-scale water reality drama "The Song Dynasty: Tokyo Menghua".

"Song Dynasty Tokyo Dream" is a series of classic Song poems and paintings, using the pavilions, terraces, pavilions, water bridges and corridors in the scenic area, plus the Xuande Hall and Xuanhe Hall in the distance as real scenes to form a A complete classical live theater. The water landscape, cultural performances and historical background trace the glorious history of the ancient city of Kaifeng, vividly and truly reproducing the prosperity of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. The performance not only reflects the prosperity and urban customs of the Northern Song Dynasty, but also the grand scene of the coming of all nations and the luxury of the royal family. A modern drama, a history of the rise and fall of dynasties. The strong colors, graceful scenery, romantic melody, grand scenes, and extremely gorgeous visual scenes make people feel like they are in that prosperous dynasty. People who have watched the performance will be impressed by its magnificent scene settings, beautiful music melody, and history. Impressed by the texture.

“This is my third time to come here, and I have different feelings every time I see it, so today I specially brought my family to experience the Song Dynasty and Song Dynasty in the ancient city of Kaifeng.” October 6 In the evening, Hu Junkai, a tourist from Zhengzhou, said with a smile.

In the west of the city, the thousands of acres of vast water surface of Kaifeng West Lake has both the misty majesty and the dignified and quiet elegance. Zhengkai Bridge and Tokyo Bridge are like a rainbow lying on the waves, connecting east to west and spanning the lake, which is a spectacular sight. The water-friendly platform is friendly and warm, the water plants in the middle of the lake are swaying, and the water birds are flying, which is full of fun. There is a tree beside the lake with golden osmanthus and golden orange. The tree is full of golden flowers, and the fragrance is fragrant and intoxicating.

The interactive stage, Sunshine Book Bar of Literature and History - Interaction of History and Culture" project function and cultural positioning. Near Kaifeng West Lake, Long Lake, Zhongyi Lake, Yunliang Lake, newly planned parks and The construction of green spaces on the streets is accelerating.

The wonder of the world with six cities stacked on top of each other

“Kaifeng City is a ‘city upon city’, with several cities buried underground. Longting Palace, 'Palace of Palaces', several palaces at the bottom of Panyang Lake..." A passage was circulated

In 1981, the Kaifeng Gardening Department was preparing to build a lake center in the middle of Panhu Lake in front of the Longting Hall. Island. During the dredging process at the bottom of Longting Lake, bulldozers accidentally pushed out many bricks and tiles. Archaeological excavation later confirmed that these bricks and tiles were relics of the Zhou Palace in the Ming Dynasty. According to historical records, the Zhou Palace was built in the Song and Jin Dynasties. Built on the ruins of the imperial palace, what is underneath the Zhou Palace? Is there really a thousand-year-old imperial city buried there?

After 20 years of archaeological excavation, it began. , Chinese archaeologists announced that 3 to 12 meters underground in the ancient capital of Kaifeng, there were 6 cities stacked up and down, including 3 national capitals, two provincial cities and 1 important town in the Central Plains, forming a "city upon city" structure. A strange landscape, Daliang City is more than 10 meters underground.

"In addition to the 'city upon city', 'gong upon palace' and 'wall upon wall', the 'road upon road' gate was also discovered during the archaeological process. Strange phenomena such as gates piled on top of each other and horse roads piled on top of horse roads. "Liu Chunying said, "The bustling Zhongshan Road is the central axis of Kaifeng. Eight meters underground is Yujie, a thoroughfare on the north-south central axis of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty. Between the current Zhongshan Road and Songdu Imperial Street, there are pavements from the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty respectively. This "road upon road" landscape also means that several Kaifeng City's north and south central roads have been stacked up one after another from ancient times to the present. The axis has not changed at all. "Liu Chunying said.

As the mystery of Kaifeng's "city upon city" spectacle was unveiled layer by layer, this strange landscape quickly caused a sensation.

Experts and scholars believe that the miracle of "city upon city" is comparable to the "Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum", known as the "eighth wonder of the world".

In order to enhance the national status and influence of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, strengthen the characteristics of Kaifeng City as a Song Dynasty city, and enhance Kaifeng City’s research and development museum of Song Dynasty culture and Kaifeng’s “city upon city” Xinzhengmen site. The Cultural Museum of the Song Dynasty and Kaifeng's "City upon City" Xinzheng Gate Site Construction Project is a key project to promote the city's strategy of strengthening the city through culture. It is also a public welfare cultural construction project.

Nowadays, the construction of the Cultural Museum of the Song Dynasty·Kaifeng’s “City upon City” Xinzhengmen Site Project is in full swing. It will become a window that truly shows the wonders of Kaifeng’s “City upon City”.

Seven business cards show the soft power of Kaifeng

The ancient capital of eight dynasties, the first batch of historical and cultural cities, China's outstanding tourist cities, China's famous chrysanthemum city, China's famous calligraphy city, China's collection of cultural famous advantages, More effective.

The chrysanthemums are beautiful and in full bloom. It is the symbol of Kaifeng and the pride of Kaifeng; it spreads the romance and charm of the ancient city and highlights the character and culture of the ancient city; it is the flower of hope of the ancient city. With the spring breeze of reform and opening up, the time came to 1983. May 27 of that year was the Cultural Festival.

In 2011, the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government had a vision and proposed to build an international cultural tourism city. The municipal party committee and the municipal government have innovative ideas and scientific decision-making, and have successively issued a series of policies to support the development of the cultural tourism industry, established the strategic position of the cultural tourism industry in economic and social development, and continuously increased the development and utilization of cultural tourism resources.

In order to better restore the grandeur of Kaifeng’s past, our city has successively launched the city wall restoration project, the Songdu water system project, the bookstore street renovation and cultural improvement project, the "Cheng Laocheng" ruins museum project, and the Drum Tower restoration project. A number of major cultural tourism projects have been built, and large-scale performances such as "Song Dynasty Tokyo Dream" have amazed the world. In 2014, our city even held the 27th World Hakka Friendship Conference, where Hakka friends and media from all over the world gathered in Kaifeng.

In Qishengjiao and Xiaosongcheng, there are bustling tourists from all over the country. At night, Qishengjiao is full of charm with small bridges and flowing water. There are many shops and restaurants, and the charm of the Song Dynasty is evident everywhere. Li Yan, a tourist from Baoding, Hebei Province, praised: "I have been to Zhouzhuang and Wuzhen, but I never expected that there is such a beautiful and elegant place in the Central Plains where people can stop and feel the taste of life. The people of Kaifeng are really lucky. You can feel the dreamy water waves and lights at the door.”

The National Patriotic Health Work Conference and the National Urban and Rural Environmental Sanitation and Cleanliness were held in Dangtu County, Ma’anshan City, Anhui Province from March 23 to 25 this year. At the action site meeting, Kaifeng, which already has many honorary titles, now has a heavy, blue, greener ground, clearer water, and more beautiful city, composing a chapter for building a strong Kaifeng, a cultural Kaifeng, a beautiful Kaifeng, and a happy Kaifeng. Xinhua Chapter.

Today, Kaifeng, holding seven city business cards, has not stopped moving forward. The whole city is moving forward towards one goal after another under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government.

Nine titles of the ancient capital of eight dynasties

——The third series of reports on Kaifeng’s historical and cultural perspective

Reporter Wang Hong Dynasty’s “Ancient Capital”. In history, Kaifeng relied on its rivers and lakes With the favorable conditions of vertical and horizontal development, developed irrigation, mild climate and convenient transportation, it became the earliest developed area in China. Its city walls are grand and its culture is splendid. The ancients once said, "Qishu Mingxia and Five Phoenix Towers, Yimen has been an imperial state since ancient times". /p>

Du Laoqiu is located more than 40 miles northeast of present-day Kaifeng. Judging from ancient documents, there is no doubt that Laoqiu was the first capital of Kaifeng. It is not more than 2,700 years ago, but more than 4,100 years ago. It is one of the important areas for the birth and inheritance of Chinese civilization in my country.

Houliang

The city widened roads, dredged drainage, planted trees and dug wells. In 956, more than 100,000 migrant workers from Kaifeng Prefecture and Cao, Hua, Zheng and other prefectures were mobilized to use the hard earth and stone of Hulao Pass to build a new city of 48 miles and 233 steps around - Tokyo Outer City. The Northern Song Dynasty further expanded on this basis, making the scale of Tokyo reach an unprecedented height. After the three emperors of the Zhou Dynasty, 10 years ago, China's external transportation in Kaifeng had shifted from the Silk Road since the Han and Tang Dynasties to the southeast coast. Through the sea route, Chinese inventions such as gunpowder and printing were spread to all parts of the world. With its image as a great country, Kaifeng became the most prosperous and famous capital in the world during that period, such as Xi, Zheng, Ying, Su, etc. As of 1234. The Jin Dynasty fell in 2011, and Kaifeng established its capital in Kaifeng for 21 years.

Nine titles interpret cultural heritage

The important capital was the national, political and economic center of the Xia Dynasty at that time.

According to the "Bamboo Chronicles", the Xia Dynasty lasted for 14 generations and had 17 emperors, which lasted for 471 years. Five years after the seventh emperor Zhu succeeded to the throne, he moved the capital to Lao. Qiu, it was not until the 13th Yin Dynasty that he moved to Xihe (now Anyang, Henan).

The Xia Dynasty had its capital in Laoqiu for 217 years, and it went through seven Xia dynasties, including Huai and Mang. It was one of the dynasties that moved its capital the most frequently in Chinese history, moving its capital 9 times before and after. However, Laoqiu was the capital that lasted the longest and had the most imperial capitals among the many capitals of the Xia Dynasty.

After Laoqiu, the Xia Dynasty continued to develop eastward and became more powerful.

Moving the capital to Laoqiu gave Xia culture new space for development, thus creating a more splendid civilization. After Zhu, seven more emperors of the Xia Dynasty made Laoqiu their capital, and it was still the center of Xia Dynasty activities.

"As for this, academic circles also have different opinions. Sha Xusheng, an expert on local historical records in Kaifeng, pointed out that it is recorded in "Huikao": "Kaifeng was named after Weizi of the Song Dynasty who opened the land, and the taboo was changed to Kaifeng in the Han Dynasty." Weizi was the ancestor of the founding of the Song Dynasty, and began to build the city of Kaifeng At that time, Song and Zheng already had a marriage relationship and were friendly neighbors. It was reasonable for Zheng Zhuanggong to build a city in the fiefdom of his old friend Qi and named it "Qifeng".

Daliang

The name of Kaifeng urban area first appeared in literature as Daliang. In the ninth year of King Wei Hui (361 BC), Wei moved its capital to Daliang.

Junyi

Daliang was developed from Daliang. Because the artificial ditch in the north of Daliang City was named Junshui or Junyi Canal, Daliang was called Junyi. After Qin unified the six kingdoms, it implemented the system of prefectures and counties. As the capital of the defeated country, Kaifeng was demoted to Junyi County and belonged to Sanchuan County. Junyi went through the Han, Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang, and Five Dynasties, until it was changed to Xiangfu County in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009 AD) by Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty. In 1234 AD, due to its long history , so some people also use "Jun" as the code name for Kaifeng.

Kaifeng

In 225 BC, Qin destroyed Wei and established Junyi (Daliang) and Qifeng counties. In the first year of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty (156 BC), in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Qifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County. This is the origin of "Kaifeng".

Bianzhou

In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 576), Liangzhou was renamed Bianzhou. This was the beginning of Kaifeng being called "Bian", and it was changed from a county to a state. . During the reign of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Mian, the governor of the Xuanwu Army, expanded Bianzhou City, which was the prototype of the later Kaifeng City.

Tokyo

During the Five Dynasties, the capitals of the Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou dynasties were successively established in Kaifeng. Because of its geographical location in the east, it was called "Eastern Capital" or "Tokyo". Kaifeng was first called "Tokyo" in history in 937, and this name was used until the Song Dynasty.

The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was Kaifeng, which went through a fierce debate. I finally chose Kaifeng, regardless of other factors, which were inseparable from the convenient water transportation of rivers such as the Bianhe River and the abundant water resources brought by the Yellow River. During the Northern Song Dynasty, rivers such as the Bian River, Cai River, Jinshui River, and Wuzhang River ran through the city of Tokyo, continuously transporting materials from all over the country, especially from the southeast, to Kyoto, thus making Kaifeng the "hub of the world" and the "Xiantong of all nations". ” advantageous position. Therefore, in a sense, it can be said that without the Bianhe River, there would be no prosperity in Tokyo, and without the Yellow River, there would be no smooth flow of the Bianhe River.

The curfew was relaxed, and the city gates were closed late and opened early. There is a military patrol shop every two to three hundred steps on Imperial Street. The corner patrol officers in the shop maintain traffic order during the day and divert the flow of people and vehicles; they guard government and commercial buildings at night to prevent theft, fire and accidents. This is probably the earliest police patrol in history.

The "Tokyo Dreams" by Meng Yuanlao of the Song Dynasty and the famous painting "Along the River During the Qingming Festival" by Zhang Zeduan both vividly reproduce the prosperous scenery and customs of Tokyo during this period.

Bianjing

After the Jin Kingdom destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty in the second year of Jingkang (1127 AD), Kaifeng was called "Bianjing". In the autumn of 1126, the Jin army invaded the south in two directions: east and west. The West Route Army captured Taiyuan and took advantage of the victory to cross the river; the East Route Army captured Zhending. The two armies besieged Kaifeng, and on November 25th, the city of Tokyo was defeated. The Jin army occupied Tokyo for four months, and after plundering massively, they withdrew their troops to the north in April 1127, taking away all the prisoners and property including the Hui and Qin emperors. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. This was the "Jingkang Disaster" in history. ".

Bianliang

After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Henan Jiangbei Province was established in Zhongshu Province (referred to as Henan Province), with roads under the province, and Bianliang Road was established in Kaifeng, which was called " Bianliang". At that time, the provincial capital and Luzhi were both located in Kaifeng.

Ten cultures are famous all over the world

—Xin, which has played an important role in the evolution of Chinese civilization and even world civilization. In Kaifeng today, every brick, tile, and tree is filled with cultural treasures. In the thousand-year-old ancient city where the Song Dynasty is highlighted, palace culture, government culture, loyalty culture, religious culture, folk culture, garden culture, food culture, chrysanthemum culture, opera culture, and calligraphy culture are flowing everywhere and are endlessly integrated into the city. Soul has become the life attitude of the people of Kaifeng, and it also fills people with infinite yearning.

Fu Yamen Culture: There is a Bao Qingtian in Kaifeng

"Kaifeng Fu" is the administrative and judicial office of Kyoto officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has a long history and is famous both at home and abroad. capital”. According to historical records, during the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 183 governors in Kaifeng Prefecture. Many historical celebrities such as Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng, Ouyang Xiu, etc. all served as governors in Kaifeng.

Especially when Bao Zheng was appointed governor of Kaifeng, he was unselfish and law-abiding. Bao Long's reputation for uprightness and uprightness has been passed down from ancient to modern times. Kaifeng Bao Gong Temple is an ancestral hall built in memory of Bao Zheng. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there has been a Bao Gong Temple built in Kaifeng to commemorate this sage.

Today, the Bao Gong Temple, located on the shore of Bao Gong Lake, was restored and rebuilt by modern people in order to commemorate Bao Zheng. There is also a Fengcun Zhaitang, which is the existing Jade Emperor Pavilion. In the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373 AD), the Taoist temple was renamed Yanqing Temple. After that, the Taoist temple was damaged many times.

For Kaifeng, the night market is one of the most distinctive symbols of its food culture. one. Kaifeng Night Market has a long history. Meng Yuanlao of the Song Dynasty, in his "Tokyo Menghua Lu", gave detailed information on the Zhouqiao Night Market, Dongjiaolou Street and Alley, Maxing Street Shops, Daxiangguo Temple Wanxing Trading Market, etc. that were distributed in Tokyo at that time. Records: "The night market did not open until the third watch until the third watch, and then opened again at the fifth watch. If there was a scene, it would last all night." However, in the Tang Dynasty before that, "thousands of houses were like chess boards, and twelve streets were like vegetable fields." , separate the city from the city, and implement closed management.

Today, there are more than 20 night markets of various sizes in Kaifeng, and the largest one is the Gulou Night Market. Gulou Night Market has a wide variety of snacks, including more than 800 varieties of well-known dishes, noodles, and snacks, and 98 famous Chinese snacks. Among them, more than 10 snacks such as Xiaolong Baozi, Bucket Chicken, and Carp Baked Noodles on the First Floor have been named provincial intangible snacks. cultural heritage. In addition to Kaifeng’s traditional snacks, Kaifeng also has famous food and specialties from all over the country. Due to its strong local traditional characteristics, Gulou Night Market has been widely reported by more than 100 domestic and foreign media and is famous all over the world.

Chrysanthemum culture: Kaifeng’s chrysanthemums are the best in the world

The earliest planting of chrysanthemums in Kaifeng can be traced back to the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the leader in chrysanthemum varieties, quantity, and cultivation techniques. my country's first "Chrysanthemum Genealogy" and the world's first monograph on chrysanthemum art were produced. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the trend of raising and admiring chrysanthemums in Kaifeng continued to grow.

Today, chrysanthemum culture has been further developed in Kaifeng. As a famous ornamental chrysanthemum planting base in the country, more than 1,200 species of chrysanthemums are currently cultivated. Chrysanthemum art masters account for 25% of the country's total, and chrysanthemum art rising stars account for 25% of the country's total. 36%. The festival brand of Kaifeng Chrysanthemum, which deeply integrates culture, tourism, economy and trade, has become an important platform for Kaifeng to develop cultural tourism industry and expand its opening to the outside world. It has also become a bright business card for Kaifeng to improve the city's taste and build an international cultural tourism city.

Calligraphy Culture: A Gathering of Famous Masters and Talents

The development of calligraphy art has had a profound impact.

Kaifeng has a strong cultural atmosphere of calligraphy. In 1984, the Calligraphers Association was established in Kaifeng, and more than 120 people have joined the Chinese Calligraphers Association. At the same time, there are many other calligraphy groups in Kaifeng, and there are more than 20 of them with great influence. In addition, the China Hanyuan Forest of Steles in Kaifeng has 3,800 calligraphy steles engraved by famous writers from past dynasties. It is currently the largest forest of calligraphy steles in my country. In 2008, Kaifeng was named "Famous City of Chinese Calligraphy" by the Chinese Calligraphy Association.

Palace Culture: The Palaces of the Six Dynasties Endless Stories

In a "Longevity Palace", there is a memorial tablet for the emperor, and civil and military officials regularly come here to pay their respects. In the feudal dynasty, the emperor was called the True Dragon Emperor, so this place was later renamed "Dragon Pavilion".

It is a national AAAA-level scenic spot. It was built on the ruins of the royal palaces of the Six Dynasties (the Later Liang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, the Later Zhou, the Northern Song and the Jin Dynasty during the Five Dynasties), and is dominated by the splendid and majestic Longting Hall. Mainly, it consists of the Meridian Gate, Yudai Bridge, Songhu, Chaomen, Zhaobi, Chaofang and other Qing Dynasty Wanshou Palace buildings, which fully demonstrates the majesty of the northern royal gardens. Longting Park's programs with rich characteristics of the palace culture of the Song Dynasty, such as "Nine Emperors Welcoming Guests", "Wang Anshi's Reform", "A Cup of Wine Releases Military Power", and "Hundred Operas Entering the Palace", will make people dream back to thousands of years and stir their imaginations.

Loyalty Culture: Iron-Blooded Heroes Leave Their Names Through the Ages

When it comes to Kaifeng’s long-established loyal culture, Yang Ye and Yue Fei are two important figures who cannot be avoided.

Yang Ye was a famous general in the Northern Song Dynasty who fought against the Liao Dynasty. His heroic deeds of killing enemies and sacrificing his life for the country are remembered by people, and the starry art works based on him are enduring. Today, "Yang Family General" has become the most representative symbol of Zhonglie culture. It was damaged and repaired, and was finally destroyed by the Japanese war during the Republic of China. The current Tianbo Yang Mansion is a place where people commemorate Yang Ye and promote the Yang family

.

However, Genyue Garden is an epiphyllum in the history of Chinese gardens.

Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty took the rare and strange spiritual stones from all over the world and moved them to the south.

Xiangfu tune is an important representative of Kaifeng opera culture. As a Henan opera genre that originated in Kaifeng, it got its name from Xiangfu County.< /p>