Looking for the traditional festivals and customs of the Buyi people? Buyi people
In the life of Buyi people, there are festivals almost every twelve months in the Sichuan month. In addition to the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival in May, Mid-Autumn Festival on July 15th, Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, and Double Ninth Festival celebrated by the local Han people, there are also festivals with unique national characteristics on February 2nd, March 3rd, and March 3rd. Festivals such as April 8th and June 6th
What are the traditional festivals of the Buyi people include Spring Festival, March 3rd, April 8th, June 6th, etc. In addition, there are Xingyi's "Chabai" Song Festival, Anlong's "Mao Shanshu" Song Festival, Qinglong's Gigandong Festival, Xingren's Rocket Festival, etc., all of which have national characteristics. The Miao people have festivals such as the Bridge Respecting Festival and the Mao Festival. Other ethnic minorities also have their own national festivals.
Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is also a grand festival of the Buyi people, usually from New Year's Eve to the third day of the first lunar month. In the early morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, Buyi children have to go to the well early to pick up "smart water". Some children are afraid of falling behind others, so they stay up late and watch the whole night.
What are the festivals of the Buyi ethnic group? There are Spring Festival, March 3rd, April 8th, June 6th, etc. In addition, there are Xingyi's "Chabai" Song Festival, Anlong's "Mao Shanshu" Song Festival, Qinglong's Gigandong Festival, Xingren's Rocket Festival, etc., all of which have national characteristics. The Miao people have festivals such as the Bridge Respecting Festival and the Mao Festival. Other ethnic minorities also have their own national festivals.
Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is also a grand festival of the Buyi people, usually from New Year's Eve to the third day of the first lunar month. In the early morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, Buyi children have to go to the well early to pick up "smart water". Some children are afraid of falling behind others, so they stay up late and watch all night.
What are the festivals of the Buyi people? 1. Korean Nationality The festivals of the Korean Nationality are basically the same as those of the Han Nationality. The main festivals of the year include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. There are also three family festivals, namely the first anniversary of the birth of a baby, "Huijia Festival" (60th birthday), and "Huijia Festival" (60th wedding anniversary). On every "Hui Jia Festival" and "Hui Wedding Day", children, relatives, friends and neighbors all send blessings and birthdays to the elderly.
2. Dong festivals vary from place to place. In most areas, the Spring Festival is celebrated in the past, while in some areas, the Dong Year is celebrated in October or November. April 8 or June 6 is the Cow Sacrifice Festival. During the festival, the cows are allowed to rest and fed with fresh grass, glutinous rice and other foods. The New Eating Festival usually takes place in July, with different dates. At that time, new rice and fish are offered to ancestors to wish for a good harvest. When an old man dies, men must shave their heads. Both men and women must wash the body with water, then dress up and wear silver in their mouths to avoid being possessed by copper or iron. During the mourning period, filial sons are not allowed to eat meat or vegetarian food, but they can eat fish and shrimp. Burial. Believe in many gods and worship natural objects.
3. Russian Easter and Christmas are grand national festivals for the Russian people, both of which originate from religion.
4. The Oroqen people don’t have many festivals. They mainly include clan festivals held every year or every three years, shaman’s annual spring sacrificial rituals and the Spring Festival.
5. Gaoshan Tribe The Gaoshan Tribe has many sacrificial activities, such as ancestral spirit sacrifices, grain god sacrifices, mountain god sacrifices, hunting god sacrifices, wedding sacrifices, harvest sacrifices, etc., among which the five-year sacrifice is the most grand. In addition to banquets and offerings, there will also be various cultural and sports activities. The "Harvest Festival" is held every year. On this day, the tribe members bring a jar of wine to the scene, dance, eat and drink around the bonfire to celebrate the harvest of the year. once.
6. Hani Nationality The festivals of Hani people include October Year, June Year, New Rice Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.
7. Kazakhs The main festivals of the Kazakhs are the same as those of the ***, which are the Corban Festival and the Rozi Festival.
8. Han festivals include Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc.
9. The traditional festivals of *** *** are basically the same as those of the Han people, including Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Qadr Night and other festivals.
10. The main traditional festivals of the Manchu people include the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, February 2, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. Traditional sports activities such as "pearl ball", horse vaulting, camel jumping and skating are usually held during the festival.
11. Mongolian The main Mongolian festivals are the Spring Festival, the Obo Festival, the Luban Festival, the Naadam Conference, the Lantern Festival on October 25, and the Mongolian Genghis Khan Memorial Day.
12. Miao Nationality The traditional festivals of the Miao people include the Miao New Year, April 8th, Dragon Boat Festival, New Eating Festival, Autumn Festival, etc. Among them, the Miao New Year is the most grand. The Miao Year is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people, usually held after autumn.
13. The Tujia people celebrate many festivals. They celebrate all traditional festivals of the Chinese nation. Their main festivals include the following: New Year’s Eve, April August, June 6th and July half
14. *** Er Nationality *** The Er people’s traditional festivals include Rozi Festival (i.e. Eid al-Fitr), Kurban Festival (i.e. Corban Festival) and Nowruz. The first two originate from Christianity. The date is calculated according to the Hijri calendar and moves every year, so sometimes it is in winter, sometimes in summer or other seasons. *** The Er people hold various entertainment and sports activities such as "Mexi Laifu" on festivals and festive days.
15. The main festivals of the Uzbek ethnic group are closely related to Christianity, including the "Holy Festival", "Ruzi Festival", "Aid al-Adha", etc., especially the latter two festivals. grand.
16. Yao people The Yao people have many traditional festivals, with more than 30 large and small festivals. Among them, the most distinctive ones include Panwang Festival, Renwang Festival and Bird Hunting Festival.
17. Tibetans Tibetans have many festivals, almost every month there is a festival, and folk festivals and religious festivals are interspersed with each other. Since the founding of New China, new content has been added to Tibetan festivals, such as May Day, June Day, July Day, and National Day. Among the traditional festivals, the Tibetan New Year, Bathing Festival, Shoton Festival and Wangguo Festival are the most large-scale and distinctive.
18. The Zhuang people have many festivals, some of which are closely related to religious activities. For example, some Zhuang people living in Yunnan hold sacrifices to the "Old Man's Hall" in the first month of their family calendar, and kill pigs to offer sacrifices to Longshan on the second day of the second lunar month. On the third day of the lunar month, they worship the God of Thunder and in the fifth month, they worship the dragon... >>
What are the festivals of the Buyi people? The Buyi people have many traditional festivals, except New Year's Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. In addition to being basically the same, festivals such as "March 3rd", "April 8th", and "June 6th" all have the inherent characteristics of their own nation.
The Buyi Nationality’s New Year’s Eve
On the New Year’s Eve, according to local records, the Buyi people all “take November as the beginning of the year.” It should have been in this month, but now it has been unified into the Spring Festival. The Buyi compatriots who have worked hard for a year begin to prepare for the New Year as soon as the autumn harvest is over. At the end of each year, every household is busy making wine, making glutinous rice cakes, pickling bacon, making blood tofu, or making new clothes. On the evening of the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, Buyi compatriots use maltose and other fruits made from glutinous rice to "send" to the Kitchen God at home, asking him to say more good things to people and bless the world when he reports to the "Jade Emperor". After sending the stove, people should prepare incense, candles and other sacrificial supplies, and ask "Sir" to write a couplet. Not only the door, but also side doors and windows should have stickers such as "Six Livestock Prosperity" to show people's wish for a happy life. Yearning and praying, in addition, many people also paste door gods on their doors and cover the walls of their homes with various festive New Year pictures. On New Year's Eve, ancestors are served with sumptuous food and wine, firecrackers are set off, and families stay vigil until the rooster crows. At dawn on the first day of the first lunar month, the girls all compete to carry the first load of water home, which is called "smart water"; the boys rush to the earth temple first, use ropes to bring small stones and put them in the animal pen, which means "smart water". The six animals are prosperous."
During the New Year, young people invite each other to go out to "gangshao"; middle-aged and elderly people send New Year greetings to each other and have fun drinking together. The ninth day of the Lunar New Year is called "Shangjiu"; according to local customs, "cooking raw materials" can only be done on this day. That is, first light incense candles and offer raw meat to the ancestors, then cook raw chicken and raw meat, and then put them in front of the incense table for an offering. You can enjoy it after you return. In some Buyi areas, after celebrating the New Year on the 15th day of the first lunar month, there is also a "Little New Year" on the 30th day of the first lunar month. During this period, some also held various entertainment activities, including horse racing, stone throwing, bronze drum, suona, singing and dancing, basketball and other competitions, with tens of thousands of participants. The "Playing with Dragons" activity in the Biandan Mountain area of ??Zhenning is intended to pray to the dragon god to bless the harvest and good luck in the coming year.
March 3rd of the Buyi people
is a traditional national festival. Different regions have different festival contents. The Buyi people in the Madang area of ??Guiyang City, Guizhou Province call the third day of the third lunar month every year the "Di Silkworm Fair" festival. According to an elder of the Buyi ethnic group, after the beginning of spring, silkworms damage crops and eat crops such as rice seedlings. So, on the third day of March, they took the fried corn flowers to the slope to offer sacrifices to silkworms. They sang folk songs on the hillside while eating corn flowers. It is said that this can "charm" the ghosts and block their mouths so that they cannot bite seeds and seedlings. In some areas, this day is used as a day to worship the gods of society and mountains. As the (Qing Dynasty) "Nanlong Prefecture Chronicles" said: "It is customary to slaughter cattle and sacrifice them on the mountain on the third day of the third month of every year. Everyone gathers to share the meat. The men and women sift wine and eat glutinous rice with flowers." There will be no access to the village, and those who make mistakes will be punished." Therefore, the locals also call this day "Xiange Festival" or "Di Silkworm Festival". A village or several neighboring villages temporarily raise funds to buy pigs and cows to be slaughtered for sacrifice. On the day of the sacrifice, outsiders are prohibited from entering the village. On this day, the Buyi people in Wangmo will eat three-color glutinous rice, the Guanling area will make Qingming cake, and the Buyi people in western Guizhou Province will sweep their graves. In some areas, people will sing, play and have social activities on this day.
April 8th of the Buyi people
Legend has it that this day is Niu Yu’s birthday, so it is also called "Niu King Festival" and "Shepherd Boy Festival". The Qianxi area is also called the "Yang-Opening Festival". In the Libo area of ??Guizhou, on this occasion, black glutinous rice is cooked to honor the "Ox King"; in Wangxi County, four-color glutinous rice is eaten; in some areas, not only glutinous rice is made, but chickens are also killed to prepare wine to worship ancestors, and fresh food is served. Feeding cows with straw-wrapped glutinous rice, bathing the cows, and letting the cows rest for a day shows people's love and reward for the cattle; in some areas, entertainment activities such as bullfighting and horse racing are also held. It is a traditional festival for the Tibetan people in the provincial Wentanbo area. According to legend, Miss Linzhi is intelligent, hard-working and intelligent. She taught people to clear wasteland, grow food, spin and weave cloth, and collect herbs to cure diseases for the people. Unfortunately, she was in danger and died while collecting flowers on the Dragon Boat Festival in May. In order to commemorate her, people designated the fourth day of May as the "Flower Picking Festival". At that time, Tibetan girls, accompanied by their brothers, go to the mountains to pick flowers.
In the spring breeze of May, flowers are blooming everywhere. Rhododendrons, peonies, gourds, plum blossoms, fritillaries, distiller's yeast and other flowers are blooming. The flowers are like a sea and the songs are like a tide, which is refreshing and frightening. The girls wore fragrant and colorful flower rings on their heads and held bouquets in their hands. Singing and dancing around the bonfire all night long. At dawn, the girls dressed up in colorful clothes, walked and danced to say goodbye to Miss Linzhi. When the flower-picking team entered the village, the Ai villagers warmly welcomed and entertained them. The girls gave... >>
Introduction to the customs, customs and habits of the Buyi people. The Buyi people are hospitable, enthusiastic, generous and sincere. Anyone who comes to the village will find relatives, friends and strangers. Yes, they will always be treated with wine. Buyi people are very polite and do not welcome guests who are foul-mouthed or rude.
Buyi families all live separately. But even though the brothers are separated, when the property is distributed, the land for their parents' retirement should be left to the brothers, who will take turns cultivating it. After the death of his parents, the pension field was turned into a grave-sweeping field for the purpose of sweeping tombs during the Qingming Festival. Let future generations always remember the sincere entrustment and nurturing grace of their elders.
The costumes of the Buyi people are very distinctive. The clothes are mostly in green, blue and white colors. Men's clothing styles are basically the same everywhere. They usually wear a headband, which can be either striped or pure blue. Their clothes are double-breasted shorts, usually white inside and green or blue outside, and their trousers are long trousers. Older people usually wear long-sleeved shorts. Or green or blue gown, wearing cloth socks on the feet. The clothing of modern Buyi women varies from place to place. Women wear large-skirted shorts and some wear long pleated skirts. In the Biandang Mountain area where the Buyi people live, girls like to wear short piping jackets, a satin belt, a brocade turban on their head, a turban with thick braids, a brocade pattern and several circles of braids on their forehead, trousers, and Embroidered shoes. Young women wear batik pleated skirts, slant-breasted shorts, and embroidered shoulders. Various floral threads are used to embroider two rows of small square semicircular patterns along the shoulders. Flowers and brocade are thrown on both sides of the collar, and the colors are eye-catching; in the middle of the sleeves It is brocade, with the upper and lower sections made of batik; the hem of the clothes is bordered by about an inch of brocade, and a long embroidered or brocade apron is worn on the chest with a light-colored satin belt; a brocade turban is worn on the head, and a bunch of threads of various colors hang down from the ears. The beard. Married people wear a "gengkao" headdress, which is made of bamboo shoot shells and cloth. It is shaped like a dustpan, with a round front and a square back. During every grand festival or banquet, women still like to wear a variety of silver jewelry such as earrings, rings, necklaces, hairpins, and bracelets.
Marriage shall be independent. When picking up a bride, you should sing to each other, commonly known as singing to sisters. On the night when the bride arrives at the groom's house, there will be an activity of singing purse songs and asking for purses. There is a saying of "one night of purse singing and one night of purse singing". Traditional festivals include March 3rd, April 8th, June 6th, Eat New Festival, July 15th, etc. "March 3" is a grand traditional festival of the Buyi people. Rice plowing begins on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar. They worship the mountain gods, land gods, ancestor gods, and rice souls, and make five-color flower glutinous rice as offerings; young men and women gather in Qianxinan Prefecture. Thousands to tens of thousands of people play mountain antiphons at the "Chabai Song Hall". Many unmarried young men and women get to know each other, fall in love, and become lifelong partners by playing wood leaves and singing antiphonal songs
Buyi people eat two meals a day when they are free and three meals a day when they are busy. The staple food is rice and corn, supplemented by wheat, sorghum, potato and beans. There are various varieties of rice cooked in wooden pots and tripod pots, stewed rice in oil, Erhe rice (rice mixed with crushed corn, also called corn rice), corn cakes, rice noodles, Erkuan cakes, pea flour, rice tofu and so on. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice and sesame oil dumplings are the most famous, and are mostly used to worship ancestors or entertain guests.
Their meat mainly comes from livestock and poultry, and they also like to prey on squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo insects. The cooking methods are mostly roasting, boiling, bursting, deep-frying, pickling, and freezing. Generally, raw food is not eaten.
The Buyi people are very fond of dog meat, and there is a saying that a fat sheep is not as good as a thin dog. When a distinguished guest comes to your home, killing a dog as a treat is a very high courtesy. Their criteria for selecting dogs are yellow, black, and three-flowered, and white dogs have the most bland meat flavor. Roasted and stewed dog meat, dog enema, and Huajiang dog meat are all famous. The Buyi people in Guizhou like to use cattle for cooking during weddings and funerals.
Cold vegetables, frozen meat with moss, jelly mixed with peas, etc. are the favorite foods of Buyi people. Sauerkraut and sour soup are essential for almost every meal, especially women. Most of the Buyi people are good at making pickles, bacon and tempeh. The unique folk pickle hydrochloric acid is famous both at home and abroad. There are also blood tofu, sausages and flavored dishes made from dried and fresh bamboo shoots and various insects. He is also good at preparing spicy noodles, spicy noodles and kimchi, which are delicious with fresh, sour and spicy flavors.
Wine plays an important role in the daily life of the Buyi people. After the autumn harvest every year, every family brews a large amount of rice wine and stores it for drinking all year round. The Buyi people like to entertain guests with wine. No matter how much the guests drink, as long as the guests arrive, wine will be served first, which is called welcome wine. When drinking, use a bowl instead of a cup, and follow the rules of guessing and singing.
There is a kind of tea in the Buyi area that not only has a unique taste, but also has a very nice name. This is Girl’s Tea. On the eve of the Qingming Festival (a traditional Chinese sacrifice and tomb-sweeping festival), girls go up the mountain to collect the tender tea tips, stir-fry them to maintain a certain humidity, and then fold the tea leaves into cones one by one, dry them in the sun, and then process them. .....>>
What are the Spring Festival customs and taboos of the Buyi people? The Buyi people are one of the fifty-six ethnic groups. With rich ethnic festivals and cultural traditions, most of them live in Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan and other provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. As a member of the Buyi ethnic group in Guizhou, I have a deep understanding of many of the Buyi culture and living habits.
The Buyi people living in Guizhou have many traditional festivals, such as "March 3", "April 8", "June 6" and other national festivals. The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Buyi people.
Spring Festival customs of the Buyi people.
What we are talking about here is how traditional rural Buyi families celebrate the New Year. The average family will start preparing for the New Year early, probably starting from the twelfth lunar month (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar). First of all, they will prepare from the preparation of some food to the taboos on some behaviors and activities, and these taboos are very particular. As an ordinary Buyi woman, it is necessary to learn how to make rice wine. In the dialect, rice wine is called "biang 35dang jiu". The raw materials for making wine are the crops produced by the Buyi people themselves, generally including: rice, corn, and sorghum (mainly rice). Rice wine like this looks no different from ordinary liquor, but it tastes very good and the mellow taste will make you salivate. In addition, during the brewing process, if a neighbor comes to visit, the newly brewed rice wine must be shared with the neighbor. In order to seek good luck, the drinkers will usually say, "The wine your family roasted today will be all over the wine jar when it comes out." I can’t pretend anymore” and other words like that. At the same time, how much wine you get from brewing can also mean whether the family's family luck, wealth, etc. will be smooth in the coming year. If more wine is brewed than expected, the family will go smoothly in the coming year, and everyone will be safe. The brewing time and cycle are relatively long, so preparations are usually done at the earliest. Next is making tofu (before mechanical equipment, the Buyi people used traditional stone mills to grind it, and they had to push it manually in the middle), so they used to call it pushing tofu or grinding tofu. Fresh tofu in sour soup is a delicious dish for New Year's Eve dinner. But most of the tofu made is salty tofu, which is smoked together with bacon to form "dry tofu" that can be stored for more than half a year. Dried tofu is also very simple to eat. Boiled in water, sliced ??and placed on the plate, the taste is fragrant and delicious. In the middle of the twelfth lunar month, we begin to make various snacks. Generally there are rice cakes (rice cakes), glutinous rice cakes (raw material is waxy corn), glutinous rice cakes (made from glutinous rice) and rice noodles. Except for glutinous rice cakes and rice noodles, which are sent to nearby processing rooms, glutinous rice cakes and rice cakes are made at home using traditional handicrafts. The hard-working Buyi people always prepare carefully for a long time for the arrival of the Spring Festival, not for anything else but as a reward for a year of hard work by farmers. We have already mentioned wine making before. How can we have wine without meat? As the Buyi people who live off the land, of course they don't buy meat like people in the city. They raise their own pigs and slaughter them before the New Year as a way to celebrate the New Year. Killing a New Year pig is something almost all Buyi people do. It usually starts in the twenties of the twelfth lunar month.
Taboo for Buyi people.
The New Year pig can only be killed on odd-numbered days (except on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, because the Kitchen God Bodhisattva will return to heaven to celebrate the New Year, so killing is considered illegal and taboo). Neighbors are asked to help when killing pigs, and relatives and friends are also invited to enjoy the delicious pig-killing wine and share the joy of this year's harvest. Except for setting aside a part of the pork to be eaten during the Chinese New Year, most of the rest is used to season and marinate to make bacon. It is smoked over firewood for more than ten days, which extends the storage time. Bacon is not only used as a gift for friends, but when relatives and friends visit, cooking the fragrant old bacon has also become a fine dish for the Buyi people to entertain guests. In addition to preparing various New Year goods, the Buyi people have many taboos during the twelfth and first lunar months. If they are not followed, it will affect or even harm the people, things and things in the family. Starting from the twelfth lunar month, the home must be kept harmonious and quiet, especially no loud banging, as this will be considered as disturbing the ancestors' journey home for the New Year. Children should not cry during this period, as this is considered unlucky. The Buyi people call it "the head is tabooed in the first month and the tail is tabooed in the twelfth lunar month". And use this to wish peace and success in the coming year. During the first lunar month, usually from the first to the fifteenth day of the Lunar New Year, the processing room cannot start the machinery and equipment. Strong vibrations are considered to be disrespectful to the deceased. On the first day of the Lunar New Year, domestic water must be stored and cannot be dumped out. The garbage in the living room and bedroom cannot be swept. If you do not do this, it means dumping all the wealth for this year or... .>>
Customs of the Buyi people
A larger ethnic minority in southwest China. The Buyi people call themselves "Buyi". Due to differences in dialect pronunciation, there are still different pronunciations in different places. There are various names for the Buyi people in history. In ancient documents, they are mostly called "Zhongjia". In 1953, the state collectively referred to this ethnic group as the "Buyi ethnic group" based on their wishes and self-identification. They mainly live in the two Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefectures, Qiannan Tukunan and Qianxi Tukunan, as well as in parts of Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. In the past, there was no written language of this ethnic group and Chinese characters were always used. In 1956, the Chinese Communist Party created the Latin alphabet Pinyin text for the Buyi people. The culture and art of the Buyi people are colorful. Traditional dances include "Bronze Drum Dance", "Weaving Dance", "Lion Dance", "Sugar Packet Dance", etc. Traditional musical instruments include suona, yueqin, dongxiao, wooden leaf, flute, etc. Earth opera and lantern opera are favorite operas of the Buyi people. The Buyi people mainly focus on agriculture, mainly growing rice. The Buyi homespun cloth woven by the farmers themselves has long been famous.
In recent years, enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and ethnic craft clothing have been established one after another, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and the United States.
History of the Buyi Nationality
The Buyi Nationality has a long history. The Buyi people originate from the ancient "Puyue people". "Yi Yue", "Yi Pu", "Yi Liao", etc. recorded in ancient books are all different names for the ancient Buyi ancestors. Both "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" record them as the main body of the ancient "Nanzhong" regional country and the Yelang Kingdom. The ancient "Luoyue Land" is the area in the present-day Nan and Bei Panjiang and Hongshui river basins, where the Buyi people live today. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Buyi people were in a slave society. The feudal lord economy rose during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the chieftain system was implemented during the Yuan and Ming dynasties. After the "return to local rule" in the Qing Dynasty, the feudal landlord economy developed. The social organizations of the Buyi people include the "clan system", "Yilang system", "Zhailao system", etc. They originated from the ancient clan management system and are the inheritance and development of ancient democracy. They also have the characteristics of a class society. Since 1951, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties and ethnic townships have been established in areas where the Buyi people live together, creating extremely favorable conditions for the all-round development of the Buyi areas.
The Buyi people have their own language. People generally use Buyi language to communicate in their daily lives, and many people are fluent in Chinese. Buyi language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Based on differences in pronunciation and some vocabulary, it is divided into three dialect areas, namely, the southern Guizhou dialect area, the central Guizhou dialect area and the western Guizhou dialect area (or the third dialect area). 1, 2 and 3 dialect areas). Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Buyi people did not have their own common writing, but there was a kind of text symbols similar to square characters created using Chinese characters or the "Six Books" character-making method that were circulated among the people in various places. They were used to record religious classics, which are called It is a "local custom word" in Buyi language. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Pinyin script based on the Latin alphabet was created in 1957 and has been in trial use to this day.
The Buyi people are known as the "rice people". Sima Qian's "Historical Records" records it as "vertebral buns, plowing fields, and town gatherings." Rice farming has always been its prominent economic feature, and rice farming culture is an important symbol of ancient Vietnamese culture. It is still a prominent cultural feature of production and life of the Buyi people.
Living habits
Buyi villages are close to mountains and rivers, and many ethnic groups with the same surname live together. Generally, a dozen or dozens of households form one village, and some have hundreds to several households. Hundreds of households. Most of the residential buildings use wood as the main structure, including "ganlan" style buildings, bungalows and slate houses. The slate houses are very local characteristics. Most of the stilt-style "stilted buildings" have three rooms and three floors of bamboo and wood structures. The bottom floor has no walls and uses wood as a fence to keep livestock in. The middle floor is made of bamboo braided around to accommodate people; the upper floor is stacked with sundries. A balcony is built with moso bamboo on the side of the house, leading directly to the floor, where you can enjoy the shade and dry the sun. Most of those who live in Pingba have courtyards with low walls. In areas such as Anshun, Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liuzhi, due to the abundance of bluestone, houses are built with stone from foundation to wall, and the roofs are also covered with slate, commonly known as "slate houses". Together with the stone walls of the village and the stone castle on the top of the mountain, a typical stone building complex is formed. A typical example is Biandangshan Shitou Village. All houses, walls, castles, passages within the village, as well as flat bridges, arch bridges, terraced fields, etc. across the river, are all built with stones; even household utensils, such as dreidels, Mills, bowls, troughs, jars, etc. are also all made of stone, showing the unique ingenuity of the Buyi people.
Folk Literature
Buyi folk literature includes myths, poems, fables, proverbs, etc. Folk music can be divided into three categories: folk songs, instrumental music and opera music. Folk songs include folk songs, whistle songs, drinking songs, big songs, small songs, narrative songs, etiquette songs, etc. Langshao song is a social activity for young men and women of the Buyi ethnic group to perform "Langshao" (also known as "catch up with the watch" and "sitting at the watch")... >>
What are the customs of the Buyi people? Life customs of the Buyi people 1. Living environment of the Buyi people
Buyi villages are mostly built in places close to mountains and rivers, with mountains on their backs and rivers on their sides, covered by trees, large fields and dams, rich water sources, and fertile land.
When building villages, the Buyi people not only choose natural beauty, but also have a good tradition of planting flowers, fruits, and bamboos in and outside the village, in front and behind their houses, and they especially like to plant ginkgo trees - ginkgo trees. , almost every village has several thousand-year-old ginkgo trees, which are known as the "village tree" and "sacred tree".
Since ancient times, the Buyi people have lived in clusters of clans and surnames, that is, dozens or hundreds of households in a village are almost all of the same clan, surname, and clan. It is rare for people of different races and surnames to live together. For example, the surname Wang is in Bowang, Dayan, Dazhai and Dalin in Shitou Township; the surname Huang is in Yangliuzhuang in Shuangliu Township; the surname is Luo in Shuitouzhai, Wanggu and Shitoupo in Hefeng Township; the surname Chen is in Wangche; and the surname is Cheng in Dianzhai. ; the surname Yao in Majiaping, Xiaba, Xiangshu and Chuandong, Longguang Township; the surname Chen in the Hewan area; the surname Meng in Gaojian, Shaoshang Township; the surname Zhang in Dazhai, Bazi Township; the surname Xinzhai and Miao Village The surname is Luo; the surname is Mo in Shanmuchong and Dingka; the surname is Wei in Guaguang, Shuikou Township; the surname Lu in Linpo; the surname Ban in Banjiayuan, Wengzhao Township, and so on.
2. Buyi people’s housing construction
Buyi people’s houses generally face north and south, with good light and long sunshine. The foundation stones and steps are paved with fine diamond bluestone, which is meticulous and smooth. Carved with patterns of flowers, trees, birds, or the words blessing, fortune, longevity, and happiness.
The ancient building of the Buyi people is a "dry-stall" wooden house, which is divided into upper and lower floors. People live on top and animals are kept on the bottom.
The corridors upstairs are surrounded by "car wood" decorations, in vertical or pattern shapes, and are also carved with patterns of flowers and birds.
Modern Buyi houses include wooden houses, brick and wood structures, reinforced concrete materials, bungalows and buildings. Houses and stables are built separately, usually composed of the main house and side rooms. The main house stands in the center, usually with three or five rooms, and larger ones with seven or nine rooms. Choose single and avoid double, and pay attention to symmetry. There are wing rooms or stables on both sides of the main house, forming a "three-sided courtyard". For wealthy families, brick walls, stone walls, or earthen walls are built on the front, and a "chaomen" is added, forming a "four-sided courtyard".
The middle of the main room is called the "main room", and a "shrine" is set up on the other side of the third wall, where ancestors' tablets are posted, and ancestors are worshiped here during festivals. No one lives in the "main room", and dirty objects are not allowed. Spitting and changing of clothes are not allowed in the main room. The door is not open at ordinary times. Each room outside the "main room" is divided into two rooms, called the "inner room" and the "outer room". The "inner room" is for family living, and the "outer room" receives guests or has a fire hall, so it is also called "guest room". There is a guest shop upstairs in the wing room all year round for guest accommodation.
The living customs and etiquette of the Buyi people
1. Food
The Buyi area in Kaiyang County is rich in rice, so rice is the staple food. In some places, rice, The grains are half and half. There are non-staple food crops such as millet, sorghum, sweet potato, potato, Qiaomei and so on.
The Buyi people regard glutinous rice and glutinous food as treasures. During the New Year and festivals, they make hundreds or even two to three hundred kilograms of glutinous rice cakes, make hundreds of kilograms of "waterlogged grain wine", and also make glutinous rice noodles and cakes. , cake slices, rice crackers, fried rice, etc. are available all year round. Glutinous rice products are also valuable as gifts. They like to drink home-made rice wine or corn wine, which has a low but not light alcohol content, a mellow flavor and a long-lasting nature. Except for a few periods in history, every family makes wine all the year round, serving it in jars and drinking from bowls.
The eating methods and habits are similar to those of the Han people, except that they make good use of "hot pot" and like to eat dog meat. When distinguished guests come to the house, even if they have vegetables and meat, they must kill a chicken to show respect. Various dried vegetables, sauerkraut, kimchi, etc. are unique in color, aroma and taste.
What do the Shao Buyi people in Guizhou eat during festivals? 1. The main food during the festival is flower glutinous rice
The Buyi people eat on February 2, March 3 and April of each year The eighth day of the lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival, the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, the half day of the seventh lunar month, and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all celebrated with grand celebrations. Many Buyi people use various plant branches and leaves such as liquidambar leaves, yellow rice flowers, and dyed bamboo flowers to dye their glutinous rice into colorful colors. , make glutinous rice to entertain guests and distribute to relatives and friends.
2. Introduction to diet:
The Buyi people eat rice and corn as their staple food, supplemented by wheat, sorghum, potato and beans. There are wooden pots, tripod pots for cooking rice, oil-stewed rice, Erhe rice (rice mixed with corn, also called rice), rice cakes, rice noodles, Erkuan cakes, pea flour, rice tofu and other varieties. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice and sesame oil dumplings are the most famous, and are mostly used to worship ancestors or entertain guests.
3. The Buyi people’s special diet
Their meat mainly comes from livestock and poultry, and they also like to prey on squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo insects. The cooking methods are mostly roasting, boiling, bursting, deep-frying, pickling, and freezing. Generally, raw food is not eaten.
Wine plays an important role in the daily life of the Buyi people. After the autumn harvest every year, every family brews a large amount of rice wine and stores it for drinking all year round. The Buyi people like to entertain guests with wine. No matter how much the guests drink, as long as the guests arrive, wine will be served first, which is called welcome wine. When drinking, use a bowl instead of a cup, and follow the rules of guessing and singing.
The Buyi people have many traditional snacks, and they are good at making rice noodles, two pieces of cake, pea flour, rice tofu, etc. The Buyi people are generous and hospitable, and their characteristic is that they celebrate festivals grandly on February 2, March 3, April 8, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6, July 15, and Mid-Autumn Festival every year in the lunar calendar. Many Buyi people are generous and hospitable. The tribesmen use various plant branches and leaves such as liquidambar leaves, yellow rice flowers, and dyed bamboo flowers to dye the glutinous rice into colorful colors, and make flower glutinous rice to entertain guests and distribute it to relatives and friends.