Leizhou enjoys the reputation of the hometown of Chinese folk culture and art and the hometown of Chinese calligraphy.
Leizhou culture is not only one of the four major ethnic cultures in Guangdong, but also one of the main cultures in Zhanjiang.
Leizhou culture is a regional culture characterized by the Leizhou dialect. Its distribution range includes today's Leizhou, Suixi, Xuwen, Mazhang, Donghai Island, Xiashan and part of Lianjiang.
Zhanjiang folk songs mainly include Leizhou songs, Donghai Marriage, Wuchuan folk songs, and Wuchuan folk songs: Songs for Married Girls Combing Their Hair, Wuchuan Water Songs, Saltwater Songs, Lianjiang Songs, and Vernacular Sing and recite poetry.
Zhanjiang folk instrumental music includes Leizhou music, Anpu bayin, Naozhou bayin, Wayao pottery drums, Huaqin and Leihu.
Leizhou music refers to Leizhou folk instrumental music. It is one of the five major folk musics in Guangdong Province and one of more than 40 types of music in my country.
Zhanjiang religious music is divided into Leizhou Buddhist music and Leizhou Taoist music.
Zhanjiang folk music includes widely spread Cantonese music, Nanyin, dragon boat, wooden fish and cross talk, allegro, three and a half sentences, lotus board, Dashi, selling chicken tune and other Cantonese music types, while the local folk music The main types are: Leizhou girl's song, Lianjiang wooden fish, Wuchuan wooden fish and Bai opera, Li opera, puppet singing performances, etc. The melodies are beautiful and melodious, the tunes are catchy, and they are easy to learn and sing.
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 200 private partnership bureaus and amateur folk art societies focusing on Cantonese opera singing in various counties, districts and towns in Zhanjiang, and there are also nearly dozens of folk arts groups of girls singing, singing and wooden fish. .
Zhanjiang folk opera has a long history. After continuous development, it now mainly includes two categories: folk puppet show and local opera.
Zhanjiang folk puppet shows are divided into Yuexi Bai Opera (originally known as Anpu Bai Opera, also known as Bai Xizai), Wuchuan Puppet Show and Li Opera.
The only local operas in Zhanjiang are Lei Opera and Cantonese Opera.
Zhanjiang folk music types are divided into Cantonese opera, ballads, lotus pan, Dashi, selling chicken tune, girl's song, Wuchuan wooden fish and wooden fish.
The religious dances in Zhanjiang are divided into Tunfen dance, Sanhua dance and Mulian dance.
Zhanjiang’s animal dances are divided into centipede dance, purple-micro-falling brave, eagle dance, lion dance and dragon dance.
Zhanjiang folk dances are divided into Pancha (Xuwen wedding custom) and Identity Nian.
Zhanjiang folk arts and crafts have a long history, profound heritage, rich colors and unique characteristics, and occupy an important position in Lingnan and even the whole country.
Zhanjiang's folk crafts mainly include stone carvings, clay sculptures, dough sculptures, colored sculptures, colorful tie-ups, Wuchuan floating colors, straw mats, root carvings, wood carvings, paper-cutting, etc.
Zhanjiang’s stone carvings include stone figures, stone statues, stone horses, stone turtles, stone drums, stone dogs, stone lions, stone tablets, stone reliefs, dragon pillars, stone foundations, stone archways, stone plaques, and stone snails. , stone cat, stone pig, stone sheep, etc.
Wuchuan Clay Sculpture originated from the late Tang and early Song dynasties. It was started by the villagers of Wayao in Meihang Town and has now become a mass clay sculpture activity.
In 2000, the Ministry of Culture named Wuchuan as the "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" (Clay Sculpture).
There are many different names for Caizha among the people, such as Zhazuo, Caipao, Zhizhi, stickers, etc., covering a wide range of areas, including Caijia spiritual sheds, spiritual houses, and various operas. Figures, lanterns, birds, animals, etc.
The main colorful lanterns in this city include: Yingxiong lanterns, Xingshi lanterns, Zouma (palace) lanterns, Taiping Pioneer palace lanterns, Plum Blossom Bridge and Leizhou Toulu lanterns.
Zhanjiang's folk martial arts are divided into two categories: boxing and equipment. They mostly appear in the form of routines, Sanda, equipment, and sparring.
The main types of boxing are Hongjiaquan and Caijiaquan, and there are also schools such as Li, Mo, and Fo.
Zhanjiang's folk stunts include shooting arrows, turning over a bed of thorns, stepping on a fire, climbing a knife ladder, spraying glass, driving a car over the abdomen, turning over a swing, and passing through a knife hole through a fire ring.
Nianli is a unique festival in Lingnan, western Guangdong. It is not as broad as the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and other national festivals, but they have similarities and are all traditional customs.
Just like the Water Splashing Festival of the Dai people, the calendar is unique to the local area and has strong ethnic customs and local flavor.
As for the form of celebration, it also shows the simplicity, kindness, enthusiasm and optimism of the rural people.
The uniqueness of the year also enhances the local people’s sense of local superiority. Having a unique festival is undoubtedly something to be proud of.
Climbing the knife ladder, descending into the sea of ????fire, turning over the bed of thorns, piercing the arrows, and Yinwu Eagle Dance in the annual list are very distinctive.
Wuchuan Lantern Festival: From the 14th to the 17th of the first lunar month, the Wuchuan Lantern Festival is very lively. The streets and alleys in Meiyan Street (town) area are decorated with lanterns and colorful lights, and there are crowds of tourists, making it a joyful scene. .
The Lantern Festival activities are rich and colorful, including lifelike clay sculptures and electric colored sculptures, towering five-level archways and flower towers made of bamboo and wood, colorful flower bridges, and a mighty grand * **.
*** There are noisy gongs and drums, fire dragon dance, lion dance, brave dance, Erzhen dance, Six Generals dance, Shifan dance, flute playing, pottery drum playing, there are all kinds of colorful Cars, "land colors" and wonderful "floating colors", as well as colorful flower teams, colorful flag teams, honor guards and martial arts teams, the whole city is immersed in joy.
Zhanjiang is the city with the most complex dialect in the province.
In addition to the popular Mandarin, the three major dialects of Cantonese, Fujian and Hakka are also spoken in the city.
The origin and distribution of Zhanjiang dialect are related to the origin of the local population.
In ancient times, the indigenous peoples in Zhanjiang were ethnic minorities and spoke minority languages.
During the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of people moved to Leizhou Peninsula from Putian, Zhangzhou and Zhejiang in Fujian, bringing with them the Min language that had already been formed in Fujian, and later developed into The largest number of local residents.
Due to the strength of the population, Min has become the most common language in Leizhou Peninsula.
Almost at the same time that the Fujian language was introduced into the Leizhou Peninsula, the Cantonese language, which had long been formed in the Xijiang area, also began to be introduced into the city. The earlier ones were introduced into Meihan, Wuchuan, Lianjiang and other places.
The dialect that was introduced to this city later was Hakka. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties (mainly the Ming Dynasty, especially when Chen Lin pacified the Yao Rebellion), it was spoken by Tingzhou Prefecture in Fujian and Shaozhou in this province. It was brought by the Hakkas (there was no such thing as Hakka at that time) who moved to Lianjiang to live in Lianjiang.
After the three major dialects of Fujian, Cantonese and Hakka were introduced into the city, due to the lack of communication between the immigrants and the original area, in the long historical development, affected by the local language environment, various dialects have occurred. have undergone certain changes and formed their own characteristics.
The Fujian dialect developed into Leizhou dialect (also known as Li dialect, Lei dialect), the Cantonese dialect developed into Zhanjiang vernacular, Wuchuan dialect, Lianjiang vernacular, etc., and the Hakka dialect developed into Wei dialect (or writing dialect). words, words).
Zhanjiang City governs 5 districts and 5 counties (cities). Cantonese is spoken in the two old urban areas of Chikan and Xiashan, and Leizhou dialect is spoken in the surrounding rural areas; Cantonese is mainly spoken in Potou District, and Leizhou dialect is spoken by a very small number; Ma Most people in Zhang District speak Leizhou dialect, and a few speak Cantonese; most people in Wuchuan City speak Wuchuan dialect, and a few speak Leizhou dialect; most people in Xuwen and Haikang counties speak Leizhou dialect, with scattered Hakka and Cantonese; most people in Suixi speak Leizhou dialect is spoken, and a small number of people speak Cantonese; Cantonese and Hakka are spoken in Lianjiang, and a very small number of people speak Leizhou dialect.
Among the three major dialects in the city, Leizhou dialect has the largest number of speakers, followed by Cantonese and Ya dialect.
The Cantonese dialect is the dominant dialect in this city.
In addition, some dialect junctions and towns with relatively developed commodity economies have become bilingual and multilingual areas, where residents can speak several dialects at the same time.
The Cantonese language in this city is relatively complex, and there are great differences in each county (city, district) and even in different regions of each county (city, district).
It can be roughly divided into two categories: one is Zhanjiang vernacular and the other is Wuchuan dialect.
Zhanjiang vernacular can be divided into urban vernacular, Meiyu vernacular, Lianjiang vernacular, Suixi vernacular, Longtoutang vernacular, etc.
The initial consonants and finals of urban vernacular are basically the same as those of Cantonese, so experts classify it as Cantonese. The difference between it and Cantonese is that the tones and accents are quite different and can be distinguished when spoken.
Most of the sounds and finals of the vernacular dialects in Meihan, Lianjiang, Suixi and other places are the same as those of Guangzhou dialect. Their most obvious feature is that they have the initial consonants of Gaozhou and Huazhou dialects with edge fricatives and edge fricatives. There are many words with initial consonants, so some people included it in the "Gao (zhou) Yang (Jiang) dialect".
Wuchuan dialect is a dialect of Cantonese. Its pronunciation, rhyme and tone are somewhat different from those of Cantonese dialect. Wuzhou dialect is customarily based on Wuzhou Wuyang pronunciation.
Leizhou dialect also has differences in various places. Generally speaking, each county (city, district) is divided into Xuwen dialect, Haikang dialect, Suixi dialect, Lianjiang dialect, suburban dialect, etc. These differences are mainly reflected in In terms of tone and accent.
For example, Xu Wen's speech has a slight Hainanese accent, with only the initial consonant of the inspiratory stop.
Compared with Haikang dialect, Lianjiang’s Leizhou dialect is “harder” and the pronunciation is not long enough.
There are also some common words in Leizhou dialect in different places that have different pronunciations, but calls can be made between different places.
Because Leizhou Prefecture has always been located in Leicheng Town, it is customary for people to use Leicheng dialect as the representative.
Yahua (倀hua) is not much different from the Hakka language in northeastern Guangdong. The main difference is that the commonly used words have local characteristics and the tones are also slightly different.
The Ya dialect in Zhanjiang is also relatively similar to the Ya dialect in Yangjiang and Maoming, both in western Guangdong.
The "Chinese Language Atlas (2nd Edition)" published in 2012 classified Zhanjiang's Ya dialect into Hakka-language Cantonese and Western films.
The Ya dialect in Zhanjiang is represented by the Lianjiang Shijiao dialect.