The key is the fixed height of the music, and the key signature is the symbol of the key. The sharp and flat marks written behind the beginning clef of each line of staff are the key signature.

1. There are 7 major syllables containing sharps:

G major (1 sharp);

D major (2 sharps) sharps);

A major (3 sharps);

E major (4 sharps);

B major (5 sharps) sharps);

F sharp major (6 sharps);

C sharp major (7 sharps);

2. There are 7 major syllables containing flats:

F major (1 flat);

B flat major (2 flats);

E flat major (3 flats);

A flat major (4 flats);

D flat major (5 flats);

G flat major (6 flats);

C flat major (7 flats);

Except for C major, the above There are 7 tones composed of sharp and flat signs, which are arranged according to pure fifths, thus forming 15 tones. But there are actually only 12 keys of different heights, 3 pairs of which are equal tones, namely:

C sharp major = D flat major;

F sharp major = G flat major;

C flat major = B major;

(a sharp minor = b flat minor, d sharp minor = e flat minor, a flat minor = sharp g minor. )

One sharp sharp 4 (G major or e minor)

Two sharps sharp 4, 1 (D major or b minor)

Three sharps sharp 4, 1, 5 (A major or F sharp minor)

Four sharps sharp 4, 1, 5, 2 (E major or C sharp minor) )

Five sharps sharp 4, 1, 5, 2, 6 (B major or g sharp minor)

Six sharps sharp 4, 1, 5, 2 , 6, 3 (F sharp major or d sharp minor)

Seven sharps 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 (C sharp major or a sharp minor

p>

One flat flat 7 (F major or D minor)

Two flats flat 7 or 3 (B flat major or g minor)

Three One flat flat 7, 3, 6 (E flat major or C minor)

Four flats flat 7, 3, 6, 2 (A flat major or F minor)

Five flats flat 7, 3, 6, 2, 5 (D flat major or B flat minor)

Six flats flat 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1 (G flat major or E flat minor)

The seven flats are 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1, 4 (C flat major or A flat minor)

< p>Tips for memorizing key signatures: Memorize the order of sharps and flats

The sharp keys are sharpened by 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, and 7;

The flat keys are flat 7, 3, 6, 2, 5, 1, 4 (in the opposite order to the sharp keys)

Extended information

Introduction to basic music knowledge

1. Music system

Music: expresses people’s thoughts and feelings through vivid artistic images and reflects social real life. It can make us happy or sad. It meets people's aesthetic needs and cultivates people's sentiments.

It is the most common musical language elements in the world: including melody, rhythm, beat, speed, intensity, and range. , timbre, harmony, mode, tonality, etc. ?Melody refers to a series of musical tones of different lengths, pitches, and strengths. It is the foundation and soul of music. ?

Rhythm refers to. The length of the organized sound. ? Beat refers to the regular alternation of strong and weak beats of equal duration. ? Speed ??refers to the fast and slow progress of the music. ? . ?

Vocal area refers to the range of vocals or music in a certain work, which is usually divided into high-pitched area, midrange area and low-pitched area. ?Timbre refers to the sound range of different human voices or musical instruments. Characteristics of harmony. Modern harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of sounds and their continuous progression.

Mode means that several sounds form a system according to a certain relationship, with one of the sounds as the center (the main sound). This system is called mode. ?Tonality refers to the characteristics of mode.

Musical sound: a sound that vibrates regularly and sounds distinctly high and low.

Noise: The vibration is irregular and the sound is not obvious in pitch.

Music system: the sum of the musical tones used in music.

Tone level: Each sound in the musical system is called a level. It includes basic pitch levels and varying pitch levels.

Semitone: On the piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two adjacent keys is a semitone.

Whole tone: On the piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two keys separated by one key is a whole tone.

Sound name: the name of the sound. Represented by C, D, E, F, G, A, B.

Roll call: The name used when singing music. Sing with do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si.

Sound group: The seven basic sound levels are repeated cyclically, producing many sounds with the same name but different pitches, so they can be divided into several groups, and these groups are called sound groups.

Medium: the absolute height of each note in the musical system. At present, the temperament widely used in countries around the world is the twelve equal temperament, and there are also the pure temperament and the temperament of fifths.

Twelve equal temperament: Divide the octave into twelve equal parts.

Fundamental tone and overtone: When the string vibrates and pronounces, not only the whole string vibrates, but its second, third, fourth... also vibrates and pronounces. The sound produced by the vibration of the whole string, that is, the sound that can be heard most clearly, is called the fundamental sound; the sound produced by the vibration of other sections is not easy to hear clearly, and is called overtone.

Vocal range: refers to the musical sound system, human voice, musical instrument or the pitch range of a certain work.

2. Rhythm and beat

Rhythm: The organized long-short relationship is called rhythm.

Rhythm pattern: a rhythm with typical significance in musical works.

Rhythm: Strong beats and weak beats of equal duration alternate regularly.

Beat: The unit that represents the beat is called "beat", and "beat" is organized according to certain strength and weakness rules and is called "beat".

Bar: The unit used to calculate the length of music titles, sections, and the entire piece of music. (Beat is the basic unit of measure).

Bar line: The line perpendicular to the staff before the downbeat in the score is called the "bar line".

Paragraph line: Use "!!" when dividing the music into sections.

End line: Use "!" at the end of the music.

Time signature: The mark indicating the beat.

Types of beats: 1. Single beat: Each measure has two or three beats.

2. Compound beat: a combination of two or more single beats of the same type.

3. Mixed beat: a combination of two or more different types of single beats.

4. Changing beats: Two or more beats appear alternately.

Weak attack: The music does not start on the strong beat.

Syncopation: A sound starts from the weak part of the beat and continues to the stronger part later. This sound is called "syncopation".

Special divisions of rhythm: 1. Triplets: Divide the basic beat equally into three parts.

2. Five (six, seven, nine) legato: divide the basic beat equally into five (six,

seven, nine) parts.

3. Musical interval

Musical interval: The height relationship between two sounds is called musical interval.

Melody interval: Two notes played one after another are called melody intervals.

Harmony interval: Two tones played at the same time are called harmony intervals.

Crown and root sounds: In the interval, the higher sound is called the crown sound; the lower sound is called the root sound.

The degree of the interval: The number of lines and spaces contained in the interval on the staff is called the degree.

The number of notes in an interval: The number of whole tones and semitones contained in an interval is called the number of notes. )

Natural intervals: pure intervals (perfect first, perfect fourth, perfect fifth, perfect octave), major intervals (major second, major third, major sixth, major seventh), Minor intervals (minor second, minor third, minor sixth, minor seventh), augmented fourth, and diminished fifth are called "natural intervals".

Pure degree: a degree with a note number of 0. Minor second: a second with a note number of 1/2.

Major second: the second with a note number of 1. Minor third: the second with a note number of 1 1/2.

Major third: a third with a note number of 2. Perfect fourth: a fourth with a note number of 2 1/2.

Augmented fourth: a fourth with a note number of 3. Perfect fifth: A fifth with a note number of 3 1/2.

Diminished fifth: a fifth with a note number of 3.

Major sixth: a sixth with a note number of 4 1/2. Minor sixth: a sixth with a note number of 4. Major seventh: A seventh with a note number of 5 1/2.

Minor seventh: a seventh with a note number of 5. Pure octave: an octave with a note number of 6.

Changing intervals: Except for augmented fourths and diminished fifths, all increasing, diminishing, doubling, and doubling intervals are called "changing intervals."

Augmented intervals: When major intervals and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called augmented intervals.

Diminished intervals: When minor intervals and pure intervals are reduced by a semitone, they are called diminished intervals.

Doubled intervals: When augmented intervals and pure intervals are increased by a semitone, they are called doubled intervals.

Doubled Diminished Interval: When a diminished interval is reduced by a semitone, it is called a Diminished Interval.

Single intervals: intervals not exceeding an octave are called single intervals.

Polyphonic intervals: intervals exceeding an octave are called polyphonic intervals.

Equal intervals: When two intervals are listened to in isolation, the intervals with the same sound effect but different writing and meaning are called equal intervals.

Transposition of intervals: the interchange of the positions of the root and crown of an interval.

Rules for inversion of intervals:

1. The degree of the inverted interval = 9 - the degree of the original interval;

2. The pure interval still remains after inversion It is a pure interval;

3. A major interval becomes a minor interval after being transposed;

4. A minor interval becomes a major interval after being transposed;

5. Increase Intervals become diminished intervals after transposition;

6. Diminished intervals become augmented intervals after transposition;

7. Doubled intervals become doubled intervals after transposition;

< p>8. When the doubling interval is transposed, it becomes a doubling interval;

9. After the transposition of the augmented octave interval, it does not decrease by one degree, but by an octave; when the multiplied octave interval is transposed, it should be doubled. Decrease an octave.

Consonance interval:

1. Extremely complete consonance interval: that is, pure one degree and pure octave where the sound is extremely integrated.

2. Complete consonance interval: that is, the perfect fourth and perfect fifth where the sounds are fused.

3. Incomplete consonance intervals: that is, the major and minor thirds and major and minor sixths in which the sounds are not fully integrated.

Dissonant intervals: major and minor second, major and minor seventh, and all augmented, diminished, multiplied and doubled intervals that do not sound blended.

4. Chords

Chords: Three or more tones of different pitches, which are combined according to certain rules are called chords.

Triad: Three tones superimposed in thirds are called triads. The three tones from bottom to top are called root, third and fifth. Triads include major, minor, augmented and diminished triads.

Major triad: the root to the third is a major third, the third to the fifth is a minor third, and the root to the fifth is a perfect fifth.

Minor triad: the root to the third is the minor third, the third to the fifth is the major third, and the root to the fifth is the perfect fifth.

Augmented triad: The root note to the third note and the fifth note are all major thirds, and the root note to the fifth note is the augmented fifth.

Diminished triad: The root to the third and fifth are all minor thirds, and the root to the fifth are diminished fifths.

Seventh chords: A chord in which four notes are stacked in thirds is called a seventh chord. The four tones from bottom to top are called root, third, fifth and seventh. Seventh chords include major and minor sevenths, minor sevenths, diminished sevenths, diminished sevenths, augmented sevenths, major sevenths, minor major sevenths, etc.

Major seventh chord: A chord based on the major trichord, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

Minor seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are minor sevenths.

Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are diminished seventh chords.

Augmented seventh chord: Based on the augmented triad, the root and seventh notes are major sevenths.

Major seventh chord: A chord based on a major triad, with the root and seventh notes being a major seventh.

Minor major seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being major sevenths.

Position chord: A chord with the root note of the chord as the bass is called a root position chord.

Inversion chords: Chords with the third, fifth, and seventh notes of the chord as the bass are called inversion chords.

Triads have two inversions, and seventh chords have three inversions.

Sixth chord: the first inversion of a triad, with the third note as the bass.

Fourth and Sixth Chord: The second inversion of the triad, with the fifth note as the bass.

The fifth and sixth chords: the first inversion of the seventh chord, with the third note as the bass.

Third and fourth chord: The second inversion of the seventh chord, with the fifth note as the bass.

Second chord: The third inversion of the seventh chord, with the seventh note as the bass.

5. Tone and mode

Mode: Several tones form a system according to a certain relationship and center on a certain sound (the main tone). This system is called mode.

Tonic tone: the most stable tone in the mode. Major mode: A mode composed of seven tones, the stable tones of which combine to form a major triad. Referred to as "major", it includes natural major, harmonic major, and melodic major.

Natural major: the basic form of the major key and the most widely used.

Harmonic major: lower the sixth note of the natural major key by a semitone.

Melodic major: Lower both the VI and VII levels of the natural major key by a semitone.

Minor mode: A mode composed of seven tones, in which the stable tones combine to form a minor triad. Referred to as "minor", it includes natural minor, harmonic minor, and melodic minor.

Natural minor: the basic form of minor.

Harmonic minor: Raise the seventh degree of the natural minor by a semitone.

Melodic minor: Raise both the VI and VIII steps of the natural minor by a semitone.

Key: The pitch position composed of basic pitch levels is called key.

C key: A key composed of seven basic tone levels, with the main tone being C, called C key.

G key: A key composed of seven basic tone levels, with the main tone being G, called the G key.

D key: All the notes in the key of G are raised by a fifth, and the main note is D, which is called the key of D. By analogy, we can get the key of A, E, B, #F, #C.

Sharp keys: The key signatures of G, D, A, E, B, #F, #C, #G, #D, #A, #E, and #B are all represented by sharp keys. , so it is called sharp tone.

Flat key: The key signatures of F, bB, bE, bA, bD, bG, bC, and bF are all represented by flat keys, so they are called flat keys.

The cycle of fifths of a key: a cycle formed by arranging each key according to a pure fifth-degree relationship.