Full text translation

This autumn climate makes people sad, the earth is desolate and the grass and trees are yellow and withered.

It’s so desolate, as if I’m going on a long journey, climbing mountains and facing water to say goodbye to my sorrow.

The sky is empty and the autumn air is refreshing. It is so lonely and the autumn water is clear.

Desolate and sighing, this slight cold is hitting people.

Despondent and frustrated, I went to a new land and left my hometown;

It was rough and rugged, and the poor people and officials felt unhappy.

Lonely, wandering outside without friends, melancholy, relying on each other and feeling pity for myself.

The swallows fly back gracefully, the cicadas are lonely and do not make a sound.

The wild geese are chirping and flying southward, and the pheasants are chirping and mourning.

It’s hard to fall asleep when I stay up all night alone, listening to the mournful sound of the crickets all night long.

Time has passed middle age in a hurry, and despite difficulties and obstacles, nothing has been accomplished.

Sad and distressed, I am alone in the vast land, and there is a beauty in my heart.

Far from home, a guest in a foreign land, wandering, where are you going now?

I miss the king so much that I can’t change it. What can I do? The king doesn’t know.

Full of sorrow and worry, depressed and not wanting to eat.

I wish I could meet and express my feelings, but the king’s thoughts are different from mine.

I drove the carriage and I have to go back. I can’t see you and I feel so sad and depressed.

Leaning on the carriage, I let out a long sigh, and my tears covered the carriage.

I am so generous and decisive that I really can’t. I am in chaos and confused.

There is no end to self-pity and self-compassion, but to be loyal and sincere.

God divides the year into four seasons, and I quietly lament the cold autumn alone.

The white dew falls and wets the grass, and the yellowing leaves float from the sycamore branches.

Leave the bright day and step into the long dark night.

The season of blooming flowers has passed, and the remaining dead trees and decaying grass are sad.

The white dew falls first, bringing the message of late autumn, foretelling that severe frost will follow in winter.

The lushness of summer is gone, and all the energy for growth and cultivation has been lost.

The leaves are dull and lackluster, and the branches are criss-crossed and messy.

The vegetation changes color and will wither, and the tree trunks turn yellow and seem to be about to wither.

It’s so sad to see the bare tree tops, and so sad to see the diseased tree bodies.

Thinking of the fallen leaves and fading grasses mixed together, I feel regretful that the good times have been lost.

Grab the reins and put down the whip. I'm bored and walk slowly for now.

The years are coming to an end in a hurry, and I am afraid that my lifespan will not last long.

It is a pity that I was born at the wrong time. It is difficult to save myself from the troubles in this troubled world.

Wandering is more than just leaning alone, listening to the chirping of crickets in the west hall.

My heart is frightened and shaken. Why are all kinds of sorrow lingering?

Looking up at the bright moon and sighing deeply, walking under the stars from night to day.

I secretly lamented that the cymbidium flowers had also bloomed, and they were blooming all over the hall.

Why do the layers of flowers fail to bear fruit and are fluttering in the wind and rain?

I thought that the king only loved this lobster flower, but who knew that you regarded it as the flower of all flowers.

My pity and strange thoughts are difficult to understand, and I will leave the king and fly far away.

The sadness and misery in my heart is unbearable. I wish I could meet and express my true feelings.

Time and time again, I thought about guilt and left, and my heart became depressed, which made me even more sad.

How can we not miss the king deeply? The king’s door is blocked by nine layers.

The fierce dogs are barking at you, the passes and bridges are blocked and the traffic is not smooth.

The sky is raining down the continuous autumn rain. When will there be dry soil below?

I am alone in the desolate swamp, looking up at the floating clouds in the sky and sighing for a long time.

Why are customs so ingenious? They violate principles and follow mistakes.

Abandoning the good horse and not wanting to ride it, he whipped the bad horse and went on the road.

Is there a shortage of horses in the world? No one can control them well.

If the person holding the reins is inappropriate, the horse will jump away.

Wild ducks and geese eat sorghum and algae, but the phoenix wants to raise its wings and fly high.

It’s like installing a square tenon in a round hole. I knew it would be difficult to insert it.

All birds have their own nests, but the phoenix has a hard time finding a place to stay.

I wish I could hold the coin in my mouth without speaking. How can I be speechless when I think of the favor I received from you.

Tai Gong Jiang only became famous at the age of ninety. He really didn’t have a good opportunity for the king and his ministers to get along well with each other.

Where should the horse take refuge? Where should the phoenix live?

The old customs have changed, the world has gone bad, and people who love horses today only love the fatness of horses.

The horse is hidden and cannot be seen, and the phoenix flies high and refuses to go down.

Birds and beasts also know that they should be virtuous, so how can you blame the wise man for living in seclusion?

A horse does not rush to use but drives a car, and a phoenix does not feed greedily and eat food indiscriminately. .

The king abandons the wise men but does not realize it. Although he wants to be loyal, how can he be satisfied?

You must quietly sever ties with the king, but in private you dare not forget your original virtue.

Being sad alone is the most hurtful thing. Where is the ultimate result of sadness, anger and depression!

How miserable it is to be surrounded by frost, frost and dew. I still hope in my heart that they will be ineffective.

The snowdrops and snowflakes are increasing, and I know that my fate is coming.

I wish I could wait with luck and die together with the weeds in the wilderness.

I would like to go ahead and have a swim, but the road is blocked and I can’t go there.

I want to drive smoothly along the highway, but I don’t know how to do it.

I lost my direction halfway through, and suppressed myself to study poetry and socialize.

I am stupid, lonely, narrow-minded and straightforward by nature, and I really don’t understand the essence of being calm and leisurely.

Praising Shen Baoxu’s spirit privately, I’m afraid times have changed and the old ways have disappeared.

How cunning and deceitful the world is today, abolishing the rules of the predecessors and changing the pace.

Be independent and upright and don’t follow the crowd. I would like to cherish the legacy of the saints of previous generations.

Being honored in this dirty world cannot make me happy and laugh.

It is better to suffer poverty and remain noble than to gain reputation without morality.

It’s enough to be careful about food and just keep your stomach full, and just be careful about dressing and keep yourself warm.

Privately, I admire the poet's legacy and rest in my arms with the hope that he will not be rewarded without any merit.

Full of grievances and no clue, wandering in the wilderness.

Without a fur coat to withstand the cold winter, I’m afraid I’ll die and never see spring again.

In the long silent night of late autumn, there is deep sadness lingering in my heart.

The years are passing by and I am getting older, so I feel melancholy and desolate.

The four seasons come one after another and the year is coming to an end. The sunrise and moonset cannot always be parallel in the sky.

The sun is about to set in the west, and the moon is also eclipsing, reducing its clear light.

A year of cheating will be over soon, and aging is slowly approaching, and energy is gradually losing.

I feel lucky every day, but I am always full of worry and hope.

My heart is filled with misery and desolation, and I sigh and weep unbearably.

Time passes like water day by day, and as I grow older, I feel more empty and unable to settle down.

I work diligently and hope to make progress, but if I stagnate, I will just hesitate.

Why are the clouds flooding the sky and quickly covering the bright moon?

You are loyal and willing to make sacrifices, but the thick clouds and windy isolation are difficult to overcome.

May the red sun shine brightly on the heaven and earth. The mist covered it.

I don’t think about myself but only think about loyalty. Someone actually used dirty words to slander me.

The noble virtues of Emperor Yao and Emperor Shun are so glorious that they reach heaven.

Why do you suffer the jealousy of sinister villains and suffer unkind wrongdoings that cannot be rectified?

The moon shines day and night on the heaven and earth, and there are seasons when it becomes dim and dark spots appear.

What’s more, the political affairs of a country are even more complicated and tangled.

Wearing a lotus leaf short coat is very gentle, but it is too wide and too loose to wear a belt.

Proud and complacent and boasting about martial arts, he failed to live up to the loyalty and love of his upright ministers.

Hate the virtues of sincere people, and love the pretended generosity of those people.

The gangsters are getting more and more proud with their broken steps, while the sages run faster from a distance.

Farmers stop farming and feel at ease, because they are afraid that the fields will become barren.

The matter is trivial but full of selfish desires. I secretly grieve for the dangerous failure behind it.

Everyone in the world is showing off to themselves, and slander and praise are so confusing and weird.

Now dress up carefully and look in the mirror, and you can hide and avoid disasters in the future.

May the shooting star serve as a messenger to convey the message. It flies by so fast that it is difficult to sit still.

Finally blocked by this floating cloud, it is dark and devoid of light below.

Emperors Yao and Shun were able to appoint wise men, so they could sit back and relax very calmly.

It is true that no one in the world can complain, so how can there be such fear in my heart.

Ride a horse and gallop happily. The way to control it does not require a heavy whip.

The tall city wall is really not enough to rely on. Although the armor is thick, what is the use.

Wandering cautiously for eternity, melancholy and gloomy thoughts linger in my mind.

Being born between heaven and earth is like a passerby. Unfulfilled achievements are all in vain.

I wish I could be buried in the crowd and never show up. Do you still want to be famous and glorious in the world?

Wandering around and finding nothing, you are so ignorant that you are asking for pain.

There is no end to the confusion, where can you go if you are wandering around?

The state-owned horse does not know how to ride it, what kind of things do you want to ask for in panic?

Ning Qi was singing under the carriage, and Duke Huan knew immediately that he was talented.

If you don’t have the good skills of Bole Xiangma, who can make the most fair judgment now?

I shed tears and think about it. Only by searching hard can you get a hero.

You are full of enthusiasm and are willing to be loyal, but some people are jealous and obstructive.

I would like to leave my useless body and let my will to travel far and wide soar in the clouds.

Riding on the masses of essence of heaven and earth, following many gods in the sky.

Baihong rides a horse and flies, passing through the temples of the gods.

The red bird is flying on the left, and the blue dragon is running and leaping on the right.

Master Lei followed the drums and Uncle Feng swept the dust to clear the road.

There are light cars going ahead, and there are big cars following behind.

The cloud flags are fluttering, and the chariots and riders gathered by the retinue are swarming.

The plan has been decided early and the concentration cannot be changed. I am willing to implement good policies and do good deeds.

Relying on the profound kindness of God, I will be able to see the king in good health and safety when I come back.

Original text of the work

Nine Debates

What a sad autumn! The grass and trees are swaying and decaying.

It feels like you are traveling far away; when you are climbing a mountain and facing the water, you feel like you are about to return home.

The sky is high and the air is clear; the sky is lonely and the water is clear.

The desolation has increased, and people are in the cold.

It’s melancholy and awkward. When something goes away, something new becomes new.

The road is rough, the poor people have neglected their duties and have unyielding ambitions.

Traveling alone without friends; melancholy and feeling pity for myself.

The swallows are flying back with their words, the cicadas are silent and silent;

The wild geese are wandering southward, and the roosters are croaking sadly.

It’s the dawn of the night alone but I can’t sleep. I mourn the crickets’ night march.

When the time comes, it passes by, and it is flooded and left without success.

Sad, sad, and poor, I am alone, but there is a beautiful person in my heart.

When you go to your hometown and leave your home, you are a distant guest. How can you be so free and happy now?

You can’t change it if you only think about you. What can you do if you don’t know it!

Accumulation of resentments leads to accumulation of thoughts, and boredom leads to forgetting to eat.

I hope that when I see you, I will express my thoughts, and my heart will be different from my own.

As the car drove past me and returned home, I felt sad not to see it.

Leaning on the knot, I have been breathing for a long time, and my tears are dripping from the bottom.

The anger is overwhelming, and the inside is chaotic and confusing.

How can I feel sorry for myself? My heart is pounding.

The emperor and the sky are divided into four seasons, and I am sad for this autumn.

Since the white dew is falling, a hundred grasses are falling, and the catalpa trees are draped over them when they are about to leave.

Go away from the bright sunshine of the day and embrace the long and leisurely night.

Without the fragrance and amiability, we are strong and strong, while the remaining ones are wilted and sad.

Autumn is preceded by white dew, and winter is marked by severe frost.

Meng Xiaxi, who took over Huitai, then fell into disgrace.

The leaves are smokey and colorless, and the branches are tangled and intertwined;

The color is overflowing and will stop, and the branches are as if they are yellow;

萷 It's sad to see him in pain, his body is broken and bruised.

But it is mixed and about to fall, and I hate that it is lost at the right time.

We grab the bridle and go down to the festival, chatting and pretending to be carefree.

The years are coming to an end suddenly, and I am afraid that I will not be able to live long.

I mourn the untimely arrival of the rest of my life, and encounter the hustle and bustle of this world.

Lonely and alone, crickets chirp in the west hall.

My heart is frightened and shaken, so why worry in so many ways!

Looking up at the bright moon, it is peaceful, and walking among the stars is extremely bright.

The sorrowful husband's flowers were once spread out, and they were so beautiful all over the house;

How could the flowers have no reality and fly away from the wind and rain?

I thought You only serve this Huixi, Qiang is no different from all other fragrances.

Min Qi’s thoughts are unclear, and he will leave the king and soar high.

My heart is so miserable for Min Lian, I wish I could understand it once I see it.

The absence of resentment leads to separation, and the knot in the middle leads to increased injuries.

Don’t you feel depressed and miss you? Your gate has nine layers.

The ferocious dogs are barking and barking, and the beams are closed and blocked.

The emperor's sky is overflowing and the autumn rain is falling. When will the soil be dry?

You stay here alone in this barren land, looking up to the floating clouds and sighing forever.

When did the craftsmanship of the customs become skillful, and the rope and ink were carried on the back to correct the mistakes!

But instead of taking advantage of it, it took advantage of the slave to find the way.

Is there no Qi Ji in the world? There is no one who can control it well.

Seeing that the person holding the bridle was not his own, he jumped away and ran away.

The birds and geese are all crying, and the phoenixes are flying high.

The chisel is round and square, but I know that it is difficult to enter because of its metal head.

All the birds have come to rest, but the phoenix is ??alone and nowhere to be found.

I would like to hold the title but be speechless, and I would like to be treated well by you.

Tai Gong is a man of great honor in his nineties, but sincerely he has not met his match.

It is said that the Qiji will return home safely? It is said that the Phoenix will live in peace?

The ancient times have changed and the world has declined, and the current one is fattening.

The Qiji hides and does not see, the phoenix flies high but does not descend;

The birds and beasts still know how to be virtuous, so what is wrong with the wise men?

Ji does not rush forward to seek submission, nor does Feng become greedy and eat indiscriminately.

You are far away and do not notice, even if you are willing to be loyal, how can you get it?

I want to be lonely and lonely, but I dare not forget my original kindness.

I am so sad and sad that it hurts others, how can I be so depressed!

The frost and dew are miserable and sad, but my heart is still lucky that it is not helpful;

琶 The snowy atmosphere is increasing, and you know that your fate is coming.

I hope you will be lucky enough to be there, and die together with the wild grass.

I want to go straight, but the road is blocked and blocked;

I want to follow the road and drive straight, but I don’t know why,

But I am halfway there But if you are confused, you can learn to recite it by pressing it.

The nature is stupid and the knowledge is shallow, and the faith is not calm.

The spirit of stealing beauty and applying for support is strong, and I am afraid that the times will not be stable.

When the customary craftsmanship is clever, the rules are destroyed and chiseled is replaced.

I am independent and unyielding. I am willing to admire the teachings of the sages.

It is not what Yu Xin likes to be proud in troubled times.

It is better to be poor and high-ranking than to be famous without meaning.

If you don’t steal food, you will be full; if you don’t dress carefully, you will be warm.

I secretly admire the poet's legacy, and I would like to ask for a vegetarian meal.

Jian Chong is stubborn and unreasonable, and his mooring is vast and boundless.

I don’t have any clothes or fur to protect me from the winter. I’m afraid I won’t be able to see the spring even if I die.

The beautiful autumn night is far away, and my heart is confused and sad.

Spring and Autumn are glorious and the sun is high, but I am melancholy and self-sorrowful.

The four seasons come and die, and Yin and Yang cannot be with each other.

It will come in during the day and at night, and the bright moon will be destroyed and destroyed.

The years pass by suddenly, and the old age gradually becomes more and more relaxed.

My heart is filled with joy and I am happy, but I am disappointed and hopeless.

The feeling of sadness and melancholy in the middle becomes more and more intense after a long period of time.

The years are passing by, and the old temple is nowhere to be found.

As soon as something is done, we will covet it, but we will stay in the flood and hesitate.

How come the overflowing floating clouds are blocking the bright moon!

Zhong Zhao Zhao is willing to see it, but it is dim and Mo Da.

May the bright sun appear and be obscured by clouds.

You may steal without realizing it but wish to be loyal, or you may be tarnished by being tainted.

The resistance of Yao and Shun came to an end, but the sky was thin.

How can jealousy be called a false name of unkindness?

The illumination of the sun and moon is still dim and flawed;

What's more, the affairs of a country are also complicated and complicated.

I am surrounded by lotuses, but I cannot take them with me.

He is both arrogant and beautiful, but he is also aggressive in fighting, and he is honest and generous.

I hate the beauty of beauty and the generosity of a good lady.

The sun is advancing as everyone walks, and the beauty is far and beyond.

Farmers stopped plowing and were afraid of the dirt in the fields.

Things are endless and private, and the crisis after the mourning is private.

The world is similar and dazzles, so why is it so ambiguous to destroy reputation!

Now it is decorated and looked into the mirror, but it can still be hidden in the future.

I would like to send you a message that the meteors are coming, and the Qiang are so sudden and hard to catch.

The floating clouds are blocked by the clouds, and it is dark and lightless below.

Yao and Shun both had their duties, so they rested their heads and felt comfortable.

I have no grudges against the world, how can I be so cautious?

Ride on Qi Ji's Liuliu, and use your husband's strong strategy to control peace.

It is of no use to rely on the city if it is not enough.

The journey is full of joy but has no end, and I am confused and worried about the appointment.

If the birth of heaven and earth is too late, the work will not be successful and will be ineffective.

I wish to be stagnant and invisible, and spread my name all over the world.

However, I am in the ocean but I don’t meet you. I am stunned and suffering from myself.

It is vast and endless, and its sudden soaring is so thin.

The state owns the country but does not know how to take advantage of it.

Ning Qi was sitting under the carriage, and Duke Huan heard about it.

If there is no good character like Bole, who can praise him now?

Don’t shed tears just to talk about worries, but you can get it by paying attention.

Fan Chunzhen wishes to be loyal, but jealousy hinders him.

I would like to leave you with an unworthy body and let my ambitions wander in the clouds.

Taking advantage of the energy and energy, pursuing the perfection of the gods.

The habit of white neon is coming, and the abundance of spirits is experienced.

The red bird on the left is flying, and the green dragon is on the right.

Belonging to Lei Shi’s Khotan Xi, Tong Fei Lian’s Yamen.

The light carriage in front is clanging, and the carriage in the back is following.

The flags of Zaiyun are like snakes, and the appearance of Hutunqi is beautiful.

The planning and specialization are irreversible, so I would like to push them into Zang.

Thanks to Huang Tian’s kindness, I hope you are safe!

Overview of the work

"Nine Bian" was created by Song Yu, a writer of Chu State during the Warring States Period A long lyrical poem. This poem mainly expresses the common sentiment in ancient Chinese society that "poor people have neglected their duties and have unyielding ambitions". It reflects the darkness of reality to a certain extent, and expresses the poet's ambition to "show glory in troubled times, which is not what Yu Xin wants to enjoy; rather to be famous without meaning, it is better to be poor and keep high".

Although the whole poem imitates Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", it also has its own characteristics. It is good at borrowing scenery to express emotions and blending emotions into the scenery, and its syntax is changeable. It can skillfully use rhetorical techniques such as double-voice rhyme and overlapping words. The tone and rhythm are ups and downs, full of musical beauty, and has strong artistic appeal.

Creative background

"Nine Bian" was written by Wang Yiding for Song Yu during the period of King Qingxiang of Chu. Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Songs of Chu": "Nine Bian" was written by Song Yu, a disciple of Qu Yuan's disciple. Min was exiled because of his disciple's loyalty, so he pretended to write "Jiu Bian" to describe his ambitions." Jiao Hong's "Jiao Shi Bi Cheng" of the Ming Dynasty , Mou Tingxiang's "Chu Ci Shu Fang" in the Qing Dynasty and Wu Rulun's comments in "Ancient Wen Ci Lei Compilation" all attributed it to Qu Yuan, but the reasons they put forward were not enough to overturn Wang Yi and Zhu Xi's theory.

As for the main purpose of "Nine Bian", Wang Yi believes that Song Yu "exiled him out of pity for his teacher's loyalty, and pretended to write "Nine Bian" to mourn his ambition." Modern scholars have different views on this. There are two main views: one is that this poem is a speech on behalf of Qu Yuan, and the other is that this poem is Song Yu's self-compassion for his life experience.

Appreciation

The theme of "Nine Bian" is the sad autumn. It organically combines the natural phenomenon of thousands of trees falling in autumn and bleak mountains and rivers with the poet's frustrated wandering and wandering mind. Human emotions are projected into the natural world, and the work embodies a tragic atmosphere that cannot be dismissed and lingering repeatedly. , evoking people's lamentation about natural changes and the ups and downs of human affairs.

As for the meaning of the name "Jiubian", Wang Yi interpreted "bian" as "bian"; but he also said that "it is said that Chen Daode uses Bian to talk about the king". Wang Euzhi said: "The debate is still repeated. It is said once in a row. Gai also imitates the name of Xia Qi's "Nine Bian", and uses the ancient style as a new style, which can be orchestrated. His words are exciting and vivid, different from elegance, Gai Chu Sound. The rise of Fu style in later generations all originated from this." ("Tongshi of Chu Ci") Many people today say this.

In the current versions of "Nine Bian", some are divided into nine chapters, and some are divided into ten chapters. According to the division methods of Hong Xingzu's "Supplementary Commentary on Chu Ci" and Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on Chu Ci", "Nine Bian" is divided into ten chapters.

The first chapter at the beginning of this poem clearly clarifies the theme: "What a sad autumn! The grass and trees fall and become decayed. I feel sad if I am traveling far away, and when I climb a mountain and face the water, I will see off when I am about to return." "In pre-Qin classics, although there is no shortage of people's fear of autumn cold, there is more of the joy of harvesting crops in autumn. Song Yu, however, connected the withering of trees in autumn with human suffering. "The impoverished man has neglected his duties and has an unequal ambition", "The rough and lonely man has no friends", "The old man has gone away and found a new one", "The time has passed and he has been in trouble, and he has stayed in the flood without achieving anything", losing his official position , no one sympathizes, wandering alone, middle-aged and unsuccessful in career, all misfortunes seem to be concentrated on the lyrical protagonist in the poem. Therefore, the autumn scenery in the eyes of this poor, lonely, and sad wanderer is all colored with sadness. Once the theme of the poor man's sorrow in autumn was determined, the poem unfolded smoothly.

From Chapter 2 to Chapter 10, "Nine Bian" repeatedly describes the reasons for sadness at the sight of autumn. Not being able to be used by the world and having no success in your career is the pain that lingers in your heart. The pain is caused by many factors. The second chapter says, "There is a beautiful person, but the heart cannot leave. When you go to your hometown and away from home, you travel to distant places. You are so free and happy now." The beautiful woman was abandoned and wandered far away alone, but the man she longed for ignored her. Her love was shattered, and she couldn't help but feel sad. The third chapter writes about the autumn scenery I saw along the way, and my eyes were filled with desolation. "When the white dew falls, the grass is covered with this catalpa tree." When the cold dew falls, the grass turns yellow, the trees lose their leaves, and the fragrance of spring and the dense shade of summer disappear. "But it is mixed and about to fall, I hate that it is lost at the right time." The season has passed, the grass and trees can only yellow and fall; the opportunity has been lost, and the poor can only be sad. The fourth chapter is closely connected with the second chapter in terms of context. It still uses the voice of a beauty who has been abandoned by her husband to write about her misery of unsuccessful courtship. "The ferocious dogs roar and bark, and the beams are closed and blocked." The door is closed tightly, and the vicious dogs bark outside, but no thoughts can be conveyed. In desperation, I had no choice but to "stay alone in this barren place, looking up at the floating clouds and sighing forever." By the pond where the autumn grass is swaying, the sad person can only look up to the sky and lament.

Chapter 5 is a direct imitation of Qu Yuan’s "Li Sao" and "Nine Chapters: She Jiang", so commentators have always believed that the political and social nature of "Nine Bian" lies in this chapter. . In particular, the poem uses the allusion that Jiang Taigong did not receive honor until he was ninety years old, which shows the poet's hope of participating in military affairs and making contributions. However, it is not obvious that the poem directly discusses the national situation at that time. Instead, it highlights the sadness of not being useful to the world: "The king abandons you far away and does not notice, even if you are willing to be loyal to him, how can you get it?" If it is similar to the image of the poor man in the poem, By contacting it, you can understand what Song Yu said: If a poor man is used by the king, he can make great achievements like Jiang Taigong; if he cannot be appreciated by the king, he can only be "Feng Yu Yu how extreme", full of sorrow and anger. , I don’t know when it will be dissipated. This chapter focuses on the poor man himself to express his emotions. Chapter 6 continues Chapter 5, and the meaning and theme are repeated. However, the emphasis on frost, dew and snow highlights the seasonal characteristics of deep autumn and approaching winter. "May I be lucky but wait for you, and I will die with the wild grass." The season waits for no one, the years wait for no one, and the poor are frustrated. Although they are waiting with luck, it is still a hopeless wait. Winter is coming, can you survive the severe cold: "I have no clothes to protect me from the winter, and I am afraid that I will die without seeing the spring!" From the sadness of autumn to the fear of winter, the poor man's mood became more urgent and miserable.

Chapter 7 fully expresses the sadness of the passage of time. The autumn night, sunset, flowing water and bright moon in the poem all strengthen the lament that the years have passed and nothing has been accomplished. Chapters 8 and 9, the poem focuses on highlighting the sadness of "losing someone". The so-called "lost people", on the one hand, means that those who are in power are unlucky villains, treacherous ministers, and control the country, making society dirty and chaotic; on the other hand, it means that wise people, such as poor men, are abandoned and have great ambitions and talents, but they are not able to display them. He was also squeezed out and oppressed by villains. After the sorrow and resentment, the poet still has hope, "I don't shed tears to talk about worries, I can only get it with intention." It is admirable to wipe away tears and sing, but the confidence is insufficient, because the reality of "losing people" still exists, and poor people can only rely on fantasy to express their feelings. The sadness of this autumn is still entangled in the hearts of the poor.

The last tenth chapter is the end of the whole poem. The sorrow of autumn is difficult to resolve in reality, and we can only rely on romantic imagination: what cannot be obtained on earth can be compensated by heaven. Therefore, the poor man "is willing to be given an unworthy body and leave me, wandering in the clouds with his ambitions."

"The spirit that left the body passed through the rainbow energy of the sun and moon in space, and became the master of the gods in the sky. Suzaku, Canglong, Thunder Master, and Fengshen were all at his disposal and became his followers on the chariot. How proud and proud! The poor man Poverty turns into wealth, and the sadness of autumn turns into joy. The theme of sadness in autumn leads to a happy ending, but that joy is just a fictitious joy. The success of a poor man is an illusory success of imagination. In the real society, In autumn, the grass and trees are still yellowing, and the poor are still useless. The strong contrast between reality and imagination further strengthens the theme of sad autumn.

"Nine Bian" depicts a poor man in the late autumn. The mood of "losing time" and "losing people" is written vividly and wonderfully, and has a strong appeal. The theme of sad autumn is expressed vividly and emotionally. However, from a social point of view, although this poem also contains sad words, it still has a strong appeal. Generally speaking, there is a lack of social reference. Therefore, Sima Qian said that "all ancestors, Qu Yuan, spoke calmly, but no one dared to give direct advice" ("Historical Records: Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng")

From the perspective of literature and art. From a creative point of view, "Nine Bian" is a very successful work. The theme of "Sad Autumn" is originally one of the characteristics of ancient southern literature (represented by "Chu Ci"), which best displays the romantic color of Chu Sao spirit. A paragraph describes autumn: "Autumn is a sad atmosphere. The grass and trees are swaying and decaying, and I feel as if I am traveling far away. When I climb a mountain and visit the water, I will see you back!" In just a few words, the scenes are all present, which became the literati of later generations. Touching the scene with sadness, expressing the origin of life experience

Comments from famous experts

Zhu Yao of the Yuan Dynasty said: "First, it is a poem that is full of enthusiasm, but it is also a comparison of meaning. Gai is slandered and exiled, and those who are excited about the time and things are prosperous; and autumn is a wind of fortune that flourishes and then declines, and the Yin energy is used for things, which is like the image of the uncle's life and the danger of the country, which is a comparison. Second, it is both Fu and wind. Play with its gentle and subtle words, and you will get it. Third, the meaning of Fu and Bixing is the same as that of the first chapter, and I use the original meaning. His article imitates this. Fourth, it is a comparison and an endowment. The fifth is to compare and compare. The whole article uses Ji and Feng as comparisons, and the emotions are full of twists and turns. Sixth, it is due to comparison. Among them, there are more gifts than less. Seventh, Fu also contains metaphorical meaning. Eighth, it is a comparison and a gift. The beginning and end are dedicated to the disaster of overshadowing. The ninth is Fu. There are also some comparisons between them. "("Differentiation of Styles of Ancient Fu")

Lu Shiyong of the Ming Dynasty said: "Jiubian is as clear as "Li Sao" and as steep as "Nine Songs", but not as euphemistic as "Nine Chapters". "("Seventy-two Commentaries on the Songs of Chu")

Chen Jiru in the late Ming Dynasty: "In the first chapter of "Nine Bian", one can feel the sadness and hurtfulness of things, describe the characters, and feel the depression. The outline is complete, and the emotions are self-explanatory, which is enough to make those who follow the voice know their injustice, and those who feel sorry for it can express their condolences. "("Sheshan Poetry Talk")

Wang Fuzhi in the early Qing Dynasty: "The Shaogu style is a new style that can be orchestrated. Its lyrics are passionate and vivid, which is different from elegance and echoes the sound of Chu. The rise of futi in later generations is all ancestral to this. "("General Interpretation of Chu Ci")

The influence of later generations

"Nine Bian" is the first profound and meaningful work about the tragic autumn in the history of Chinese literature. The author develops the theme of the tragic autumn From then on, in Chinese literature, the sad autumn has always been a favorite theme of poets and writers. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has "Autumn Wind Ci", Cao Zhi has "Autumn Thoughts" and "The Passing Away", and Cao Pi has "The Passing Away". "Yan Ge Xing"

Autumn written by poets in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties mostly has the atmosphere of sad autumn in "Jiu Bian". "It is desolate and full of resentment", using the sad autumn to bring out the feeling of life and the hatred of family and country, and to compose a new song on the theme of sad autumn. Since then, through the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the sad autumn wind has always permeated the poems. The sad autumn has been It has become one of the themes of traditional Chinese literature and has produced many moving works. The original contribution of "Nine Bian" cannot be denied.

About the author

Song Dynasty. Yu, born and died in the Cifu family at the end of the Warring States Period, was born after Qu Yuan (now Yicheng, Xiangfan). . He was a poet and poet after Qu Yuan, and is as famous as Tang Le and Jing Cha. According to legend, he wrote many poems and poems in "Hanshu Yiwenzhi". Many of them have been lost and cannot be verified. "Jing Ji Zhi" contains three volumes of "Collection of Song Yu", which are now lost. Some people suspect that the works signed by Song Yu are not written by Song Yu.