1. Melody: Melody is also called melody. The ups and downs of the music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody. Melody is the most important means of expression in music form, the essence of music, and the decisive factor of music. The progression direction of a tune is endlessly changing, and there are three basic progression directions: "horizontal progression", "upward" and "downward".

The direction of progression of the same sound is called horizontal progression; the progression from bass to treble is called ascending; the progression from treble to bass is called descending. Common ways of progressing tunes include: "repetition of the same tone", "progression" and "jump forward". The progression according to the adjacent notes of the scale is called progression, the jump in third degree is called minor jump, and the jump in fourth degree and above is called major jump.

2. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the mid-tones in the music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music. Traditional Chinese music calls the beat "banyan", "ban" is equivalent to the strong beat; "eye" is equivalent to the sub-strong beat (middle eye) or weak beat.

3. Harmony: Harmony includes "chords" and "harmonic progressions". Chords are usually sound combinations formed by three or more tones that overlap vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. The horizontal organization of chords is the harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious color effects of thick, light, thick and thin; it also has the function of forming phrases, dividing sections and ending music.

4. Strength: the strength of the midrange of the music.

5. Speed: how fast the music progresses.

6. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship. These tones form a system with one tone as the center (the main tone), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode, my country's pentatonic mode, etc. The notes in the mode, starting from the tonic note and arranged from low to high, form a scale.

7. Music form: the horizontal organizational structure of music.

8. Texture: the combination form of each voice in a polyphonic musical work. (Including vertical and horizontal combination relationships).

9. Timbre: Timbre can be divided into human voice timbre and musical instrument timbre. The human voice can be divided into children's voice, female voice, male voice, etc. The differences in the timbres of musical instruments are even more varied. In music, sometimes only a single timbre is used, and sometimes a mixture of timbres is used.

Extended information

According to expression

Vocal music

Vocal music works can be divided into songs and rap music according to their different forms and styles. , opera music, opera and other different genres. Song is a small music genre, including folk songs, art songs, popular songs, children's songs, etc.

From the form, it can be divided into solo singing, duet singing, chorus, unison singing, joint singing, etc. Rap music refers to folk art music, including single string, big drum, voiceless, Pingtan, Shu Laibao, Qinshu, Errenzhuan, Daoqing, Yugu, etc.

Drama music refers to the music of Peking Opera, Henan Opera, Yue Opera, Flower Drum Opera, Tea Picking Opera, Huangmei Opera, Ping Opera, Han Opera, and other local operas.

Opera music is also a kind of opera music, but it does not have fixed programs and traditional singing like opera music. Opera music is dramatic music created by composers using national tones and musical language rich in the color of the times.

Instrumental music

Instrumental music works can be divided into solo pieces, ensemble pieces and ensemble pieces.

The solo repertoire ranges widely. There are solos for almost every instrument. China's erhu, pipa, banhu, flute, xiao, cucurbit flute, suona, dulcimer, sheng, guqin, zither, liuqin, xylophone, etc., all have famous unique tunes. Although the same is true for Western musical instruments, the most world-famous solos are violin, piano, guitar, electronic keyboard and other musical instruments.

Duet music is rare among Chinese folk. However, in Europe, there are many excellent works of string quartet, woodwind quintet, etc., which have been circulated around the world.

An ensemble refers to the performance of the same piece of music by multiple instruments. In the ensemble, each instrument not only gives full play to its performance and specialties, but also coordinates with each other according to certain harmonic rules. Among China's national instrumental music ensembles, Jiangnan Sizhu and Cantonese music account for a large proportion. National orchestral music is mostly adapted or created by composers.

National wind and percussion music also plays a role that cannot be ignored in my country's ensemble music. Music played with Western brass instruments, woodwind instruments, string instruments and percussion is called orchestral music.

Orchestral music made significant progress in Europe in the seventeenth century. The genres at that time included suites, overtures, fugues, fantasies, capriccios, rhapsodies, concertos, as well as symphonies and symphonic poems that had stricter requirements on musical form. .