The master is devoted to harmony, the Asian rice is dry and suitable for Chu, the three rice is gorgeous and suitable for Cai, and the four rice is short of Qin. The drum player enters the river, and the martial arts (táo) enters the Han Dynasty. Shao Shi Yang and Qing Xiang enter the sea.
Master: It can also be called "Tai Shi", that is, the head of a musician. That is, the head of the court orchestra, and the deputy head is Shao Shi.
fitness: from the beginning to the end, which means "to" and "to". For example, the Book of Songs: "Death will go to you, and it will be a paradise for you." It is also pointed out that marriage, such as "Ancient Poems for Jiao Zhongqing's Wife": "The poor have this daughter, and it is only appropriate to return home." Suitability also has the same meaning, such as "The Book of Songs": "When we meet, it is suitable for me." It also means "comfortable" and "just in time", such as "just in time."
Zhi: In the Spring and Autumn Period, musicians were usually addressed with a word "teacher" in front of their names. For example, Shi Kuang in the State of Jin, a musician named Kuang, and Shi Juan in the State of Wei and Shi Xiangzi in the State of Lu were all famous musicians at that time. Similar names include: Yi Ding, a chef named Ding. You Meng, an actor named Meng.
Asian rice: In ancient times, emperors and princes played music when eating. Yafan is a musician who plays music at the second meal. "Three meals" and "four meals" and so on.
Gan, Guang, Que, Fang Shu, Wu, Yang and Xiang: all are the names of musicians, and they can be called Shi Gan, Guang, Que, Fang Shu, Wu, Yang and Xiang. Among them, the teacher Xiang who hit the Qing Dynasty was Shi Xiangzi, and Confucius once worshipped him as a teacher.
river: especially the yellow river.
sowing (táo): sowing and shaking. Torreya grandis, with a long handle, has flexible small ears on both sides of the drum body. When the handle is shaken, both ears beat the drum on both sides. Commonly known as "rattle".
sea: Tianchi is also a place where hundreds of rivers can be accommodated. From water to everything, it means that the sea is made up of every drop of water. The original meaning of "sea" is the sea, such as Li Si's "The Book of Persuasion": "Rivers and seas don't choose trickle."
The "sea" mentioned by the ancients is not necessarily the sea in the present concept. Lakes are also called the sea, for example, in Mencius, "Sun Shuao lifts above the sea." Among them, the sea refers to the lake, and another example is "The History of Han Dynasty-The Biography of Su Wu": "There is no place on the North Sea". The "North Sea" mentioned here is Lake Baikal, which is now located in the south of eastern Siberia, Russia. Now some ethnic minorities still call lakes "sea", such as "Qinghai" and "Erhai".
the sea also refers to a huge amount, unrestrained, etc., such as eating and drinking sea.
The full text is understood as:
Zhi, a master of the court orchestra in Lu, fled to Qi, Gan, a musician of Asian rice, fled to Chu, Zhang, a musician of three rice, fled to Cai, and Fang Shu, a musician of four rice, fled to the Yellow River, Wu, a drummer, fled to the Han River, and Xiang, a musician of Shao Shi Yanghe, fled to the seaside.
Lu is the vassal state of the Duke of Zhou, the protector and executor of the rites of Zhou. There is a saying that "the rites of Zhou are all in Lu", and Lu is also a country specially approved by the Duke of Zhou to use the "rites of the son of heaven", such as Shao music. Among the vassal countries, only Lu can play. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, only Lu can use Yong music. In order to better inherit the rites of Zhou, Confucius was also sent to Zhou Jing by the state of Lu to study abroad, and Confucius also worshipped Laozi as his teacher. Confucius is not only a "master of etiquette," but also a "master of music." He once directed the court musicians of Lu to play music.
Unfortunately, due to civil strife, court coup and other reasons, the court orchestra was forced to disband, and the musicians were also forced to be displaced. Confucius' teacher went to the island to live in seclusion, and the orchestra master went to Qi State, bringing Shao music with him. When Confucius heard Shao music at the doctor's house, he cried bitterly and couldn't eat incense or sleep well for a long time (I didn't know the smell of meat in March).
this article reveals a truth: how important national security and social stability are to people's lives!
old Chinese wares
? There is such a sentence in San Zi Jing: Yi Tuge, wood, stone and gold, silk and bamboo are eight tones. This is the earliest method in China to classify musical instruments according to their manufacturing materials, which is called "Eight Tones". It was first seen in Zhou Li Chun Gong, and it is divided into eight categories: gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, baa (páo) and bamboo.
"gold" includes bells, bells, actinides (bó), cymbals (y! ng), osmium (náo), sheng bells, ode bells, etc. The chime is a large percussion instrument in ancient China, which belongs to the golden category. According to "bells chimed by Hou Yi of the Warring States Period", bells chimed in the Western Zhou Dynasty and flourished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period until the Qin and Han Dynasties. In 1978, a chime unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period about 433 BC in Leigudun, the southern suburb of Suizhou, Hubei Province, is the most striking set of chimes found so far.
China is the earliest country to manufacture and use musical clocks. It is made of bronze, arranged by flat round clocks with different sizes in the order of pitch, hung on a huge clock rack, and tapped with a T-shaped wooden hammer and a long stick respectively, which can produce different musical sounds, because each clock has different tones, and can play wonderful music according to the sound spectrum.
cymbals are big clocks that indicate the rhythm when playing music, while bells and cymbals are relatively small metal percussion instruments.
The "stone" category includes Qing, Sheng Qing, Song Qing, Ming Qiu, etc.
Among the stone musical instruments, the most famous one is the braided Qing. Pianpian was mostly used by ancestral temples in ancient times. In the Han Dynasty, there was a saying that "the four Shi Jia reached the Qing Dynasty", and the "Jiazhi" here was the name of the ancestral temple in the Western Han Dynasty. Wang Guowei also pointed out that "Zhong Qing, who is famous only for Jia, takes it as the first of the temple music." Pians are generally made of stone or jade, with sixteen faces in a group. Its timbre, in addition to the twelve regular tones, adds four semitones, and when playing percussion, it makes different sounds.
in p>1978, a complete set of 41 pieces of chimes * * * unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suixian County, Hubei Province, made of stone, were hung on two floors, with 16 pieces on the upper floor and 16 pieces on the lower floor, and another nine pieces can be called at any time. This set of chimes is closely coordinated with the chimes, and can be played in unison or at the same time. Its acoustic effect is "the bell rings when it is near, and it rings when it is far away".
Qing is also divided into sheng Qing and ode Qing. "The Rites of the Zhou Dynasty, Spring Officials, Faded": "I'm tired of enjoying everything, playing songs, praising and singing. "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Drum Bell": "Drums and harps are homophony."
the category of "soil" includes Yu (xūn), Yu (fǒu) and so on;
the early embryonic form of Yan is a stone for hunting. Some stones have naturally formed cavities. When the ancestors used such stones to attack their prey, the cavities on the stones whistled due to the action of airflow. This kind of whistle inspired the ancient ancestors to make musical instruments, so the early shackles came into being.
As one of the popular musical instruments in ancient times, the clay-made casket was a sounding instrument. As early as the Neolithic period in Hongshan Culture, it was very popular and continued to this day. Nowadays, the caskets are generally fired with clay, and there are also caskets made of bone, wood and stone. Now the internationally popular caskets in Tao Di have evolved from them.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi explains: "You are a earthenware vessel, so you can hold wine pulp, and the Qin people can save songs by it." In China's ancient books and records, it was mentioned many times. For example, Li Si's book of remonstrance and expelling guests has the sentence of "knocking on the urn and playing the zither". Its meaning is that when the state of Qin dines, the aristocratic literati often sing to beat the tile and clap their thighs when they are half drunk.
the category of "leather" includes county drum (xiàn gǔ incarnation), Tai (táo), Ying drum, Bo (bó fǔ incarnation), etc.
the county drum refers to the big drum used in ancient temples, with a relatively small drum and a high sound, such as "Zhou Li Chun Guan Xiao Shi", which says, "The big sacrifice sings songs, hits the drums, plays the pipes and hits the drums." Another example is the Book of Rites and Rites: "Under the temple, the county drum is in the west and should be in the east." Song Shi Bing Zhi Jiu: "The sudden sound of the drums means that the surprise soldiers will go out to fight, and the sudden sound of the small gold means that the ambush will come out."
táo drum: long handle, with flexible small ears on both sides of the drum body. When the handle is shaken, both ears beat the drum on both sides. Commonly known as "rattle". Beat is a long and thin drum.
"Silk" includes Qin, Su, Zhu, Zheng, etc.
Qin, also known as heptachord and Yuqin, is commonly known as Guqin, an ancient plucked instrument with seven strings and no taste. Qin, as a special culture, summarizes and represents the ancient and mysterious oriental thought. There are also nicknames such as "Green Qi" and "Silk Tong".
Although the legends of "Fuxi made the piano", "Shennong made the piano" and "Shun made the banjo" are not credible, it has a long history. Qin was first seen in ancient books by China's first poetry collection-The Book of Songs. "My Fair Lady, Friends of the Harp and the Harp" in The Book of Songs Nan Zhou Guanluo, and "I have a guest, playing the Harp and blowing sheng" in The Book of Songs Xiaoya Luming Literature all reflect the close relationship between the Harp and people's life.
plucked instrument, a Han nationality, is shaped like a harp and has 25 strings with different thicknesses. Each stringed instrument has a column. Set the chord on a pentatonic scale. The earliest instrument had fifty strings, such as Li Shangyin's poem "I wonder why my inlaid harp has fifty strings, each with its flower-like fret an interval of youth". Therefore, it is also called "Fifty Strings". According to the Chronology of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, the lyres and harps were invented in Fuxi era. "The Book of Rites, the Hall of Fame" once mentioned that "a big instrument is a small instrument"; Er Ya says, "The great instrument is called the sprinkling" and "Twenty-seven strings". Shiben, blister sacrifice for fifty strings. The Yellow Emperor made Motome play the lute. Sadly, it broke into twenty-five strings ".In Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, it was also mentioned that" I secretly heard the good voice of Zhao Wang, please play the instrument "
The building is an ancient Han stringed instrument in China, which looks like a piano and has thirteen strings with columns under the strings. When playing, the left hand presses one end of the string, and the right hand holds a bamboo ruler to strike the string for pronunciation. Originated in Chu, its voice was sad and intense, and it was widely circulated in the pre-Qin period. Lost since the Song Dynasty. For thousands of years, only recorded, not in kind. For example, "Historical Records": "Gaozu attacked the building". However, in 1993, archaeologists found the real thing in the tomb of Yuyang, Queen of the Western Han Dynasty in Hexi, Changsha, which was called the first major discovery of musical instrument archaeology in the 4 years since the founding of New China. Academic circles also call this Yuyang building "the first building in the world".
"Urgent Articles" contains: "When you are empty, you can build a zither.". Guzheng, now very common, is plucked instrument, which was popular in Qin during the Warring States Period, so it is also called "Qin Zheng". "Records of the Historian Li Si's admonition to drive away the guests": "It's really Qin Zhisheng that the husband hits the urn, knocks, plays the zither, sings and whines, and is quick to see and hear." Guzheng has a wide range, clear timbre and rich expressive force, and has been deeply loved by the public. Before the Han and Jin Dynasties, the Zheng had twelve strings, and then it increased to thirteen strings, fifteen strings, sixteen strings and twenty-one strings.
the category of "wood" includes Zhu (zh), Yan (yu third tone) and so on;
Chang is an ancient percussion instrument in China. It is square and played with a wooden stick. It is used in court music to indicate the beginning of music. It is a musical instrument of Han Dynasty in China, which was once circulated in major cities all over the country. According to legend, it was written by Xia Qi, and it has a history of more than 4, years. It is also a percussion instrument, a bit like the wooden fish now.
the category of "卄" includes 卄, sheng, spring, etc.
pao is a gourd ladle, and the musical instrument composed of gourd, blowpipe, sound tube and reed is a kind of musical instrument, such as Fu, Sheng, etc., "Han Feizi Jielao" says: "Fu is also a five-tone instrument, so the first one is followed by the bell and the instrument. Its shape is as big as sheng, and there are many images of blowing in the music figurines and stone carvings in the Han Dynasty. According to Zheng Xuan's notes on Zhou Li Chun Guan Sheng Shi, Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and Ying Shao's Custom Tong Yi, it is a musical instrument. People all know the allusion of "making up a few things", which shows its popularity in ancient times. According to this, Huang Tao, an ancient man, wrote a poem "Province Test-Blowing": "It is not difficult to know whether it is true or not. If you want to make the sound sound different, you must make everyone blow. There are no mistakes in succession, and whether it can be established is uneven. The second teaching is single, and the palace business is different. "
Now the common cucurbit silk belongs to the musical instrument.
"Bamboo" includes Xiao, yuè, Di and Chi.
The flute unearthed in a cultural site in Henan has a history of 8, years. It is the earliest sounding instrument with scales found in the world. It is made of thick bones on eagle wings and is blown vertically. Historical Records records that: "The Yellow Emperor made Ling Lun cut bamboo in Kun, chop it to make a flute and blow it into Fengming", and bamboo is a great progress in flute making. One is that bamboo has better vibration than bone and its pronunciation is crisp; Both bamboos are easy to process. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were seven bamboo flutes, and two flutes were invented. Cai Yong, Xun Xu and Liang Wudi all made twelve flutes, that is, one flute was uniform.
Xiao is divided into Dong Xiao, Qin Xiao and Paixiao. The sound of Xiao is low and it is played vertically. Zhou Li contains: "Xiao Guan Xian Ge." Huainanzi: "If the wind is too small." "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says: "Xiao, the uneven wind music is also like the wings of a phoenix." The Xiao mentioned here should be the Paixiao.
Generally, the flute is played horizontally, and the sound is loud and clear. The flute is blown vertically, with a low voice and a small volume. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, the words "flute and flute" were often mixed. After Zhang Qian brought back a kind of flute from the Western Regions, the names of flute and flute were slowly separated, and the names were basically settled until the Song Dynasty. Even today, Fuzhou dialect still calls the flute "Xiao".
When the ancients used the blowpipe, they found that the blowpipe could also pronounce, so they invented "Yu". Chi is a cross-wind bamboo wind instrument and a bass wind instrument. According to "Zhou Li Zheng Xuan Note": "Chi, such as tube, six holes"; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Guo Pu noted Erya: "Chi, with bamboo as its core, is four inches long and three inches around, with one hole coming out, three inches long, and the youngest is two inches long." It is recorded that Chi has six holes (including the upper and lower holes) and the bottom is closed. Judging from the two pieces of bamboo wind instruments unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period, they are similar to the characteristics of Chi described in the literature, but different from the flute. Chi, vigorous, elegant and solemn, is one of the main musical instruments in ancient China.
The musical instrument in the "Eight Tones" is called "Huaxia Old Music" or "Huaxia Old Instrument" in later generations, which means pure Chinese musical instruments, mainly to distinguish them from foreign musical instruments.