"ballet [1]" originated in Italy and flourished in France. The word "ballet" was originally a transliteration of the French word "ballet", meaning "jump" or "dance".

the word p>ballet comes from the old Latin ballo. At first, the word only meant dancing, or performing dancing in public, and did not have the meaning of theatrical performance.

The earliest beginning of the history of ballet can be traced back to the Italian Grand Court in the heyday of the Renaissance in Europe and the court in Begendi in southern France. This kind of dance is performed to show wishes or add to the fun whenever you get married, meet foreign heads of state, or other big celebrations.

The Queen's Comedy Ballet, the first ballet in the history of ballet's growth, was staged in 1581. When Margaret Mies of Lorraine and Duke Yaoyous of Versaills got married instantly, the music score of this ballet is still preserved, which can be regarded as the oldest ballet music.

Prosperity

Ballet reached its peak in the era of Louis XIV (1643-1715). Louis XIV himself was an excellent dancer and loved ballet performances. In 1661, Louis XIV founded the first dance school in history-the Royal French Dance Academy, which specializes in teaching dance. This school now belongs to the Paris Opera House. The five positions of the limbs' behavior and some wonderful ballet postures were established here in 17.

under the vigorous advocacy of Beauchamp, the royal master dancer, and Cambefort and Lully, the importance of French ballet in culture and music has greatly increased. So ballet became the origin of many new court dances; Such as: Gavit, Passepied, Boree, Rigaudon, etc. Among these dances, the most important one is the Minuet. In 1653, Lu Li began to join the ballet activities of the French court and reached a high level. At that time, he was working with Moliere to build a so-called Comedie Ballet, which was a mixture of drama and ballet.

In p>1661, King Louis XIV of France ordered the establishment of the world's first royal dance school in Paris, which established five basic feet and seven hands for ballet, thus giving ballet a complete set of movements and systems.

Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, which was published in p>176, is the most famous representative work of this kind of dance drama. Lurie applied ballet to his operas, and his two successors, Campra and Rameau, followed suit.

Lamo's works, in particular, are even more funny because they assimilate Mexican, health and China and other foreign sentiments. This, of course, has something to do with his personality and scenery. The British side has also created an extraordinary ballet called "Masque". By the second half of the 17th century, Vienna had become the center of ballet performance. However, at that time, European ballet was in the debate between tradition and innovation, between harshness and lyricism, between pure dance and problem dance, and between ballet and modern dance. Today, in the 21st century, these unattractive ideas have more or less its aftermath, and sometimes they argue about

ballet

Since 1789, a number of early (also known as pre-romantic era) ballet masterpieces, such as The Imprisoned Daughter, have been presented. In the 19th century, the romantic ballet was presented in Paris, which was the golden age of ballet history. The masterpieces handed down from ancient times, such as Fairy (1832), Giselle (1841) and Gabriella (187), were introduced, and then it entered the heyday of the whole ballet history in Russia, leaving behind the classic ballet. In the 177s, the Li Sailiu Bishop's Palace Theatre began to be used in ballet performances. The change of the venue and the audience's viewing angle has caused the change of dance techniques and aesthetic views, and the actors' standing posture has become more and more open, thus formally determining the five basic positions of their feet, which have become the basis for the development of ballet technology. Professional ballerinas came into being, and gradually replaced the aristocratic amateurs. Professional ballerinas also began to perform on stage, and dance techniques developed rapidly. Ballet performance has gradually changed from a self-entertaining social activity to a theatrical performance art. Ballet in this period was subordinate to opera, and the court composer J.B. Luli added ballet scenes to the opera, which was actually a series of dance performances, but the plot seemed irrelevant, so it was called singing ballet or ballet opera. This situation lasted until the middle of the 18th century. The 18th century ballet master J.G. Novel is the most influential dance innovator in the history of ballet. He put forward the idea of "plot ballet" for the first time in "Letters of Dance and Dance Drama" published in 176, emphasizing that dance is not only a physical skill, but also a tool for dramatic expression and exchange of ideas. Novel's theory has promoted the wave of ballet innovation. With the continuous efforts of him and many actors and directors, ballet has carried out a series of reforms in content, theme, music, dance techniques, costumes and so on. These reforms have finally enabled ballet to be separated from opera and form an independent theater art.

in the history of ballet development, there are two main aesthetic viewpoints that have been playing a role. One view is that ballet is a "pure dance", while Beaujoyeulx, an Italian dance teacher in the 16th century and the director of The Queen's Comedy Ballet, thinks that ballet is a "geometric combination of several people dancing together". This view focuses entirely on the formal beauty of ballet, and almost completely ignores the content or plot of ballet, which often leads to the simple pursuit of superb and gorgeous skills. Before the mid-18th century, this view was dominant in ballet creation. Another viewpoint emphasizes that ballet is a "dramatic dance", and Novel's "plot ballet" theory represents this viewpoint most intensively. He believes that in a ballet work, the above two main viewpoints are still in effect today. Many directors are committed to creating dramatic or melodramatic ballet works, and some directors are keen on non-melodramatic ballet and pay attention to formal beauty. The excellent plays in both works are appreciated by the audience and often performed as reserved plays. Since the 2th century, the influence of various literary thoughts on ballet creation has become more and more obvious, and many works with different styles have appeared.

Ballet

The choreographer is the key figure in creating a ballet work. He conceives the ballet structure or dance structure according to a literary script (or a story, a poem, a musical work), and then it is reflected by the actors. Both the choreographer and the actor must master the ballet language (or ballet vocabulary)-ballet technical skills, and the ability to express specific content or emotions by using ballet language. The choreographer should know what they are good at and what they can't express. Actors, on the other hand, should be well-trained, able to adapt to and creatively embody the ideas of the choreographer. Only with these basic conditions can ballet creation be carried out and completed. Ballet structure forms include: solo dance, duet dance, three-person dance, four-person dance, group dance, etc. Classical dance, personality dance (staged national dance and folk dance), modern dance, etc. According to the above forms, multi-act ballet (divided or not, such as Swan Lake), one-act ballet (such as Fairy) and ballet sketch (such as This structural form of ballet developed to a high degree of standardization and stylization in the late 19th century, which affected and restricted the development of ballet. In a large number of ballet works created by directors in the 2th century, these norms and procedures have been greatly broken through, and new explorations and creations are constantly emerging.

Ballet

There are seven first-class classical ballet companies recognized in the world: Kirov Ballet and Moscow Theatre Ballet in the former Soviet Union, New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theatre in the United States, Royal Ballet in Britain, Paris Opera Ballet in France and Royal Danish Ballet. Contemporary ballet has shown unprecedented popularity and prosperity. The representative figures and collectives are Czech Jiri Kirian (1947-) and his Dutch Dance Theatre, as well as American William Forsyte (1949-) and his Frankfurt Ballet.