Kun Opera (originally "Kun") is an ancient Chinese opera tune and type. It was originally called "Kunshan Opera" or simply "Kun Opera". It has been called "Kun Opera" since the Qing Dynasty and is now also known as "Kun Opera". For "Kun Opera". The accompaniment instruments of Kun Opera are mainly qudi, supplemented by sheng, xiao, suona, sanxian, pipa, etc. (percussion instruments are also included). The performance of Kun Opera also has its own unique system and style. Its greatest characteristics are its strong lyricism, delicate movements, and the ingenious and harmonious combination of singing and dancing.
This play was named a "Masterpiece of Oral Heritage and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" by UNESCO on May 18, 2001. The country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Kun Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.
Sanqu was called "Yuefu" or "Modern Yuefu" by the Yuan people. The name of Sanqu was first seen in literature, Zhu Youdun's "Chengzhai Yuefu" in the early Ming Dynasty. However, the Sanqu mentioned in this book refers specifically to Xiaoling, and does not yet include sets. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the scope of Sanqu gradually expanded to include sets. By the beginning of the 20th century, after the publication of a series of treatises by music masters such as Wu Mei and Ren Na, Sanqu was finally established as a complete stylistic concept that encompasses Xiao Ling and Tao Shu. The emergence of Sanqu is very similar to the emergence of Ci. It originated from folk songs and slang.
It is a kind of long and short lyrics combined with music. After a long period of brewing, in the Song and Jin Dynasties, it absorbed some popular folk lyrics, especially the invasion of ethnic minority music, and merged it with the traditional music of the Central Plains. As a result, traditional lyrics and lyrics could no longer adapt to new music forms, so a new poetry form gradually formed. It can be said that the rise of Sanqu and the decline of Ci are almost at the same time. It originated in the north during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, so Sanqu is also called Northern Qu. It includes several main forms such as Xiao Ling, Tao Shu and the belt song in between.
The reason why Sanqu is called "San" is relative to the entire set of Yuan Zaju operas. If the writer purely expresses emotions in a musical style and has nothing to do with the plot of Kebai, it is "scattered". It is a genre that can exist independently. Its characteristics have three points: First, in terms of language, it needs to pay attention to a certain rhythm and absorb the free and flexible characteristics of spoken language. Therefore, it often appears colloquial and the syllables of a certain part of the music are scattered. Second, in terms of artistic expression, he used the "fu" method to elaborate the narrative more than modern poetry and lyrics.
Thirdly, the rhyme of Sanqu is relatively flexible, it can be used as a smooth and oblique rhyme, and it can also be interspersed with words in the sentence. Beiqu can have more or less linings, while there is a saying that "no more than three linings" can be used in Nanqu. Lining characters obviously have the function of colloquialism and slang, making the meaning of the song clear and lively, and exhausting the meaning of the song.