The so-called musical literacy includes musical quality and musical accomplishment. That is to say, we should not only have basic and general knowledge and practical ability of music, but also have higher cognitive ability and aesthetic ability of music. Improving music literacy can strengthen students' comprehensive quality and deeper perception of external things. With the coming of the 21st century, China's education has reached a new level, and the educational mechanism of universities has gradually broken the tradition and moved towards the road of reform and innovation. How to strengthen the music literacy education of college students has become a subject that our college educators should seriously consider. First, the significance of strengthening music literacy education Music plays a very important role in people's lives. Good music can purify the soul, beautify sentiment and promote people's health and progress. In universities, setting up music courses properly and introducing healthy music will undoubtedly help to promote students' healthy physical and mental growth and adjust the tense learning atmosphere. Because music is good for developing intelligence and cultivating noble personality, some developed countries attach great importance to music education and take music as a compulsory course. The "National Education Outline of Music Education" in the United States "Goals in 199" stipulates: (1) All students should be exposed to music classes; (2) Middle schools should require at least one Carnegie credit in humanities and arts to graduate; (3) Universities should require humanities and arts students to take one credit before they can enroll. Confucius, a great educator in ancient China, is also the earliest and most influential music educator. Among Confucius' "six arts" for training his disciples (ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and numeracy), "music" takes the second place. In his educational philosophy, morality and music complement each other. "Governing the people in peace is not good at etiquette, changing customs, or being good at music". "Ceremony" means managing the order of yin and yang in heaven and earth, and "music" means achieving harmony. He advocates improving moral character with music. Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, further deepened the purifying effect of music on people's thoughts. He said, "Music education is much more important than other education." He believes that music education not only pays attention to moral and social education, but also undertakes to educate people into beautiful people and kind people. At present, China's education is relatively backward, which reflects that the overall quality of our people has not yet reached an ideal level. We should pay full attention to college music education and consciously improve students' music quality. Second, the status quo and constraints of university music education (I) The lag of the reform of education mechanism With the progress and development of the times, the education mechanism has gradually improved and matured, from the traditional education model to a more reasonable modern education that meets the training of new talents step by step, which is most obvious in the education mechanism of universities. However, due to the profound influence of the conservative education mechanism for a long time, there are still considerable drawbacks in China's education system. In university education, the educational consciousness is not open enough, and there are widespread phenomena of death and lag. The deep-rooted college entrance examination mechanism and traditional education model have greatly restricted the openness of education and also restricted the development of music education. (2) Neglect of the University Music Classroom In China, the music education for college students is a weak link, and the music classroom has not received due attention. In addition to the professional music classrooms and teaching equipment in colleges and universities with music majors, most ordinary colleges and universities only offer music elective courses, with few courses and low quality of classes, which makes many college students give up learning music knowledge subjectively or objectively, and students are poorly influenced and cultivated by music during their school days. According to the sample survey among students, more than 9% students think that the music knowledge they have learned in elective classes is too little, and teachers don't attach importance to teaching, so they usually play DVDs to perfunctory classroom teaching; A sample survey among teachers shows that more than 6% of the teachers' feedback information is that students themselves don't pay attention to elective courses, and schools don't pay attention to music education, which is full of obstacles and difficulties. Most colleges and universities have not included music in the compulsory teaching plan, and there are still many obstacles for teachers to make a qualitative breakthrough in music teaching, and there are also many practical difficulties in setting up the second classroom. According to statistics, in China, more than 8% of ordinary colleges and universities only take music as an elective course, and the music education level is shallow, and the teaching conditions are very limited. Many colleges and universities do not have a decent piano so far, which leads to the failure of music classroom and teaching. Therefore, it is difficult to make a breakthrough in music education in China at this stage. From the high school graduation examination to the college entrance examination and then to the university, the hidden rules of music class have been abolished, which has artificially dispelled students' initiative in learning music and seriously affected the improvement of students' overall quality and the cultivation of students' ability, which reflects the backwardness of the quality of culture and education in China. (3) The impact of western cultural thoughts With the tide of reform and opening up, western cultural thoughts are also increasingly impacting our traditional culture. "In China, in 1986 and 1998, people often expressed their concern to me that western music was increasingly dominant at the popular level and at the classical level, so that China's traditional music was in danger of being ignored or even extinct." Another challenge that every culture faces is how to achieve a healthy balance between learning and retaining its own traditional music and music that embraces foreign cultures. At present, in the field of music in China, the shock waves of pop music and rock music with strong western culture are getting higher and higher, and the traditional music culture in China has gradually lost its former glory. The pursuit of popular music is also very fanatical among college students, but the content of some popular music is unhealthy, and the lyrics of some songs are vulgar and extreme, which has to cause our concern. For children who are not deeply involved in the world and are in a semi-hazy stage of physical and mental development, decadent and free music will not be conducive to students' physical and mental health. Students are exposed to vulgar music too much, so they are easy to get lost in the direction of music learning and development, and their mentality is easy to be adversely affected, which may lead to extreme and impetuous personality, or even go astray seriously. (1) Expanding the space of music teaching In life, music is everywhere. Teachers should be good at expanding the teaching space and integrating education into their usual study, life, entertainment and activities, and they should not give up every opportunity and teaching sky. Teachers should try their best to make use of their spare time and the second class to create more opportunities for classroom teaching, enhance and cultivate students' music knowledge and ability in various activities, approach and understand students in activities, observe and guide them carefully in the process of contact with students, understand students' preferences and needs for music, correct bad preferences and misunderstanding, and open up a broader prospect and sky for music teaching. (3) Improving teaching methods Music teachers should adopt modern teaching methods such as multimedia to improve students' interest in learning music. With the acceleration of modernization, education has entered a new era. In music teaching, the application of multimedia courseware has brought new vitality to music classroom. In the teaching process, the introduction of situation, interest and emotion is vividly and stereoscopically strengthened: lively pictures, rhythmic accompaniment, detailed and pleasing explanations and practical topics with exercises. Using modern teaching methods, the teaching image is vivid, the students' perception is vivid and impressive, which is conducive to promoting the development of students' intelligence, improving the quality of students' mastery of knowledge and improving the quality and efficiency of education and teaching. In the book "Electronic Pedagogy", Professor Guonong Nan made a comparative demonstration on learning, attention and memory by experimental research. The research shows that when people study, 83% of them acquire knowledge through vision; Hearing accounted for 11%; The sense of smell accounts for 3.5%; Touch accounted for 1.5%; Taste accounts for 1%, and vision and hearing play the most important role in learning. Using visual media, the rate of attention is 81.7%; The attention of using auditory media is 54.6%; The former is much higher than the latter. It can be seen that the use of audio-visual multimedia teaching in improving teaching efficiency is self-evident. Modern teaching methods play a very important role in consolidating knowledge and all aspects of intelligent development (perception-understanding-memory-application, etc.). This new music curriculum reform is a good means to promote students' strong interest in learning music. Therefore, in the improvement of music curriculum, music teachers should actively create situations, develop interests and cultivate emotions. So that the music classroom is lively and interesting, and the enthusiasm of students to learn music is mobilized. (3) Strengthening the teaching of music theory Theory is the key and the law, and everything has laws. If we want to correctly understand the essence of things, we need to grasp its laws. The same is true for learning music. Music theory is the key to open the door to music. At present, the study of music theory knowledge is generally ignored in college music teaching, because the theoretical teaching makes students feel boring, and music teachers think that this may discourage students from learning music. Personally, I think that how to arouse students' enthusiasm for learning depends on whether the teacher can bring this content to the classroom vividly and interestingly, so that students can realize the importance of music theory and thus have a strong interest in learning. Mastering theoretical knowledge is conducive to grasping things accurately. The cognition of things should be understood and studied in essence, so as to improve it to a higher level. It is the truth that students should pay attention to and ask them to learn music theory well. Therefore, as a music educator, it is incumbent on students to understand and learn music in a deeper sense. If students' understanding of music is limited to singing, dancing and plucking notes in daily life, it is not enough. We should study, create and develop music on the basis of theory, and tap the truth and infinite charm of music. (D) Advocating the study and appreciation of elegant music. Good music can cultivate people's sentiments. Music can inspire people to have a sense of beauty and improve people's spiritual realm. Good music works not only have a bright and beautiful musical artistic image, but also have a pleasant sound, full of life, showing youthful optimism, which can inspire people's spirit and carry forward new social trends. In ancient times, music was divided into positive notes and evil (obscene) notes. Positive notes can change customs and purify people's minds, while uncontrolled evil notes will confuse people's minds. Xunzi was a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period in ancient China. He pointed out: "Where the sound is touching, it is against the gas, and the image of the gas is chaotic; The positive voice is touching and responsive, and it is good for the image. " Therefore, music with "positive sound" effect plays an important role in harmonizing the relationship between people and promoting social harmony and unity. Some bad pop music in today's society is "evil sound". Students in college are not fully mature, emotionally unstable and impulsive, and external stimuli are more likely to interfere with their behavior. Therefore, we should try our best to expose them to some calm, broad and elegant music. Students are unconsciously edified in the process of contact with music, and their personal accomplishment has also been improved. (5) Give full play to the important role of music teachers. Due to the neglect of music teaching in ordinary colleges and universities, many on-the-job music teachers do not attach importance to their own position, thus relaxing music education. Music teachers in many universities are perfunctory about music lessons. After a class, they just want students to sing a few songs, learn a few movements, or let them enjoy a few music works themselves, so as to make it simple and relaxed. In this way, music teaching has become indifferent to students, and it is not important to learn music knowledge. This will lead music education to a misunderstanding and seriously affect the formation and development of students' music literacy. In addition, as a music educator, a teacher's good attitude will play a decisive role in the music classroom. Teachers' own quality is high, and they have a good attitude in teaching. Beautiful teaching style will promote the healthy growth of students, and the living model will directly enter the students' field of vision and beautify their hearts. Grasp a good teaching mentality: a calm and quiet mind, full love, broad vision, elegant manners, sweet smile and beautiful voice. All these will directly touch students' hearts and cultivate their elegant aesthetic taste. Therefore, teachers should be strict with themselves, learn to create beauty in life and music, improve their musical accomplishment and aesthetic taste, so as to guide students' development and cultivate their good musical quality and personality sentiment.