Beat (English: meter, commonly known as "time" in practical applications) refers to the pattern and accent position of the cyclically appearing measures or beats.
Beat is different from rhythm. The beginning may not sound, but it will be expected by the listener. There are many systems for organizing and playing beats in music all over the world, such as the Tara system in India, or similar systems in Arabia and Africa. ?
In Western music, the concept of beat is inherited from poetry (Scholes 1977; Latham 2002b), that is, the number of lines in a poem, the number of syllables in a line, and the length and intensity between syllables. Weak patterns (Scholes 1977; Latham 2002b).
The first self-consistent rhythmic notation system of modern Western music originated from the rhythmic pattern formed by quantitative beats based on the basic types of meter in ancient Greek classical poetry and Latin poetry (Hoppin 1978, 221 ). Later, the phrases in the pavan or jaya dance genre were designed to match fixed dance steps at a certain speed and time signature.
The word "measure" in English originally refers to the rhythm of poetry and the periodic duration of a section of music. It can also refer to a series of notes, words, and actions in four, eight, or sixteen sections. Sentence Melody (Merriam-Webster 2015).
Structure
Beat can be defined as a pattern of regular alternation of strong and weak beats. At the beginning of a work, a time signature is used to identify this recurring pattern of duration... Although beats are generally specified by time signatures, beats are much more than just a notation element. ” (Benward and Saker 2003, 9) Defining beat requires first identifying the pattern of strong pulses that appear regularly—pulse groups (corresponding to the steps in poetry).
The common definition method of pulse groups is: The beat is treated as the first pulse, and all pulses before the next repeat are counted as a pulse group (MacPherson 1930, 5; Scholes 1977).
The beat can generally be split. into two beats and three beats (MacPherson 1930, 5; Scholes 1977). The musical structure organization presented by beat is the lowest foundation of musical form (MacPherson 1930, 3). ?
From time. Rhythm is classified according to its various attributes, and can generally be divided into metrical rhythm, duration rhythm and free rhythm (Cooper 1973, 30):
1. Metrical rhythm (metrical rhythm): It is the most popular in Western music at present. A common type in which the numerical value of the time signature is a multiple or fraction of a fixed unit (one beat), and the beats appear regularly to form a systematic grouping (measures, multiplicative rhythms)
2. , Duration rhythm (measured rhythm): The value of the time signature is a multiple or fraction of a certain time unit, but there is no fixed repeat (additional rhythm)
3. Free rhythm (free rhythm): There is neither a time unit nor a fixed beat.
Music such as chant has a freer rhythm, similar to the rhythmic relationship between prose and verse (Scholes 1977). Works, Shakuhachi's main piece, and other music can be considered unmetered (Karpinski 2000, 19)
The Italian term senza misura (meaning "without meter") means not in time, but in rhythm. The length of a section is determined by time (Forney and Machlis 2007, ). Rhythm structure includes beat, tempo, and all rhythmic factors that produce time order and structure, on which the foreground details or time value of all musical works are presented. Patterns (Wittlich 1975, Chapter 3).
There are multiple tempo layers: the beat layer is the pulse in the basic time unit of the piece, the faster is the time layer, and the slower is the time layer (Wittlich). 1975, Chapter 3). Rhythm unit refers to the duration pattern in the time occupied by pulses of a certain length at a certain beat level.
Extended information:
Common types of beats
1. Duple meter
Duple meter is divided into two measures. Beats, or multiples of 2 (four beats). For example, a time signature of 2/4 (pronounced "two beats four") means that each measure has two beats (2) based on a quarter note (4).
6/8 uses a dotted quarter note as one beat, with 2 beats per measure. The corresponding four time signatures are 4/4, which uses quarter notes as one beat, and each measure has four beats; and 12/8, which uses dotted quarter notes as one beat, and each measure has four beats.
2. Triple meter
Triple meter divides each measure into three equal parts, or into equal multiples of three. For example, the time signature of 3/4 means that one beat is a quarter note (4) and each measure has 3 beats (3); while in 9/8, an eighth note is one beat and each measure has 9 beats.