knowledge of music theory of guzheng
The unified specification of guzheng is: 1.63m, 21 strings. Most panels of guzheng are made of paulownia in Lankao, Henan Province, and the frame is white pine. There are precious wood such as mahogany, old rosewood (Burmese rosewood), golden nanmu and rosewood on the side panels around the zither. The sound quality of guzheng depends on the panels and strings, and the surrounding materials have slightly improved the sound quality of guzheng, especially the old mahogany, red sandalwood and golden nanmu. From early to modern times, there were 12, 13, 18, 23, 25 strings, etc., and there are many ways to set the strings of Zheng in different regions. What are the new types of Zheng? Butterfly Zheng? 、? Turn the zither? Wait.
Panel
The sound quality of a guzheng depends on the panel and the strings. The middle section of the positive side of the panel is the best. The positive side means that the whole paulownia tree is placed in the water, and the side exposed from the water is the positive side, and the head is cut off and the tail is the middle section. Generally, paulownia trees with a age of 9-12 years are the best, especially the paulownia trees in Lankao, Henan Province. The sandy land and loose wood are conducive to sound quality transmission.
The best panel for professional guzheng performance is through-grain, and the spacing between mid-range textures is 5-9 cm, and the spacing between high-range and low-range is 1.5-2.5 cm. The thickness of the panel is generally 9mm, 11mm and 1mm, and most of the panels at the moment adopt chord cutting technology.
strings
in the early days, ponytail and deer tendon were used as raw materials, but at present, nylon steel wire strings are the mainstream, which increases the volume and charm. The strings are mainly made of steel wires imported from Germany, with uniform carbon content, long service life and good hand feel, and are represented by five-tone incomplete cards, Baoquan cards and Dunhuang cards, which are more popular among professionals.
Zheng code
Generally speaking, mahogany zither is matched with mahogany zither code, nanmu zither is matched with chicken wing wood zither code, and rosewood zither code is matched with rosewood zither code. It is also said that colored wood is the best material for zither code, but there is no conclusion yet. The zither code requires that the texture is vertical and downward, and the upper embedded ox bone and string-laying groove are generally the best.
The traditional common playing method of Chinese zither is to pluck the strings with the four fingers of the right hand, namely, the big finger, the middle finger and the unknown finger, so as to play the melody and master the rhythm. The left-handed playing method also adapts to the tension of the strings and controls the changes of the chords, so as to adjust the pitch and improve the melody. There are many fingering methods of the Zheng, including hooking, holding, chopping, picking, wiping, picking, beating, shaking, pinching, etc. in the right hand, and pressing, sliding, rubbing and trembling in the left hand. The traditional playing method of guzheng has made a new breakthrough in modern times. In 1953, Mr. Zhao Yuzhai created "The Year of Qingfeng", which liberated his left hand, used polyphony in tune, and adopted left-hand alternation and multi-voice playing method, which greatly enriched the playing skills and made a breakthrough in guzheng playing technology.
guzheng is divided into four groups. Treble 1, treble 12356, alto 12356(do re mi sol la), bass 12356 and double bass 12356.
when the music has 4(fa) or 7(si) tones, you can only rely on your left hand to press the 3 or 6 strings on the left side of the Zheng code to increase its tension. The specific method of playing four tones is to press the three strings hard at a distance of about 1 meter from the Zheng code, and then play this string with your right hand to play four tones. Similarly, when playing 7 notes, you can also press the 6-note string on the left side of Zheng code with your left hand.
Zheng is often used for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble and accompaniment of song and dance, opera and folk art, and is called "Zheng" because of its wide range and beautiful timbre. King of all music? Also known as? Oriental piano? .
the best temperature and humidity for the occasion of guzheng use is 2℃ and 5%. Generally speaking, it is beneficial for the vibration and pronunciation of the instrument to use the guzheng in the space with the temperature of 16-28℃ and the humidity of 5-7%.
The guzheng should be handled with care to avoid collision or violent vibration.
guzheng should be placed in a dry, cool and ventilated place to avoid direct exposure to moisture, rain and sunlight (in winter in northern areas, it should not be close to radiator to avoid exposure or deformation), and it should not be placed in the kitchen or in a place where it is easy to contact with lampblack, as the adsorption of lampblack will directly affect the timbre of musical instruments.
After using the guzheng, you can wipe the sweat stains on the strings with a dry soft cloth to prevent the strings from rusting. When not in use, it is best to cover the zither to reduce the erosion of the zither by dust, light or humid air.
Guzheng should be used frequently, which is conducive to the stability of string tension, and the body of the zither often vibrates, which can promote the sound quality to become more and more perfect.
the intonation of guzheng is influenced by temperature, humidity and vibration. Once the sound of the piano is found to be inaccurate, it should be tuned in time, otherwise it will affect the playing effect.
Take care of the guzheng regularly. Clean and wipe the body with a soft brush or dry soft cloth. Never rinse it with water. Consult the factory or local dealer for special circumstances.
If you don't play the zither for a short time, don't loosen the Killer or drop the zither column, as long as it is moisture-proof, sun-proof and dust-proof. Don't put it directly on the ground or hang it on a wet wall. When the humidity is heavy, put the guzheng in the box, and put the desiccant in the box.
the basic musical theory knowledge of guzheng
the changing tone level
in music, there are many tones that raise or lower the basic tone level, which are called changing tone levels. When you read the change of tone level, you should put? L? Or? Health? Read the words, such as up 4, down 5 and so on.
in order to distinguish it from the changing tone level, the basic tone level is also called the standard tone.
phonetic symbols
The symbols that raise, lower or restore the basic tone level are called phonetic symbols. There are five tone-changing signs-* * * used in the notation:
The rising sign # indicates that the basic tone level is raised by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to that of oblique Chinese characters? Well? .
the b-flat sign indicates that the basic sound level is lowered by a semitone. Its shape is somewhat similar to the English lowercase letter B.
the re-rising sign x indicates that the basic tone level is raised by a whole tone. It is shaped like a fork.
the heavy drop mark bb indicates that the basic tone level is lowered by a whole tone. It is made up of two flat signs.
the restore symbol means to restore a tone that has been raised or lowered to the basic tone level, that is, to the original tone. So the reduction mark can also be called the standard number.
when reading the changing tone level of rising or falling again, you should also put? Re-promotion? Or? Heavy drop? Read two words. Like what? Rise again by 1? 、? Heavy drop 6? Wait.
key signature
When we open the piano score, we can see the words 1=D or 1=G, which is the key signature in the notation. 1=D means that the tune is D, that is, 1 note is D.
temporary mark
A diacritical mark is written directly in front of a note. This diacritical mark is called a temporary mark. Temporary marks only work on sounds with the same sound as diacritical marks, and they are limited to one bar. After that, they lose their function.
Rhythm
In the music world, the sound not only fluctuates, but also changes in length, forming the effect of priority. People always refer to the relationship between the length and the specific strength of the sound as rhythm.
In life, many things also move regularly. For example, the ups and downs of our breathing, the swinging of the clock, and the rolling of the wheels when the train is moving? . So the word rhythm is also widely used in fields other than music.
Key points of music theory knowledge in guzheng training
Music sound
In the colorful music world, there are all kinds of sounds. Some of these sounds sound slender, while others sound rough. Some appear soft, while others seem low? . It can really be said that it is varied and changeable. Music is the art of sound? .
According to the law of sound production, we can divide sounds into two categories: one is called musical sound, and the other is called noise. Music has a fixed pitch, which is harmonious and pleasant to listen to. The sounds made by piano, electronic organ, violin, erhu and other musical instruments belong to musical sounds when people sing. The music world is mainly composed of musical sounds.
sound name roll
In order to address the musical sounds used in music, people use seven English letters. The arrangement of these seven letters starts with C, followed by C, D, E, F, G, A and B, which is called phonetic names. When singing, we use do, re, mi, fa, sol, la and si to sing the sounds on the score, which is called roll call. Phonetic names and roll names are not only related, but also have different uses, and they are used in different occasions, so we should pay more attention to them when using them.
There are certain modes in Chinese folk music, that is, five tones, namely, Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu.
basic sound level
seven names of c, d, e, f, g, a and b are used circularly, and these sounds with seven names are the basic sound level.
semitone
The smallest pitch distance between tones is called semitone, and two semitones form a whole tone. In the notation, between 7 and 1 and between 3 and 4 are semitones.
key points of music theory knowledge in guzheng training
notes
The symbols indicating the length of the notes in the score are called notes, and they are represented by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in the notation.
The notes commonly seen in music are: whole notes (such as 5-); Binary notes (such as 5-); Quarter notes (such as 5); An eighth note (such as 5).
The relationship between notes is the same as their names: whole note =2 bisectors =4 quartets =8 octaves =16 sixteenth notes.
rest
The sound in music doesn't stop all the time. Sometimes there will be a break in the middle and there will be a silent time. In this case, use another kind of symbol? Rest to indicate. The name of the rest is similar to the name of the note, and it is represented by in the notation. Commonly used are: full rest . Two-point rest , four-point rest , eight-point rest and sixteen-point rest . The length of a full rest is equivalent to a full note. The length of a binary rest is equivalent to a binary note, and so on.
dotted notes
Some notes need to be extended for a certain period of time. When recording the music, just put a dot on the right point of this note, which is called an attachment point. This note is also called dotted notes. The dot increases the duration of the original note by half. Commonly used dotted notes are: dotted quarter notes, dotted eighth notes and so on.
Suffix rest
Knowing what dotted notes is, you will know what Suffix rest is. Suffix rest also increases the duration of the original rest by half:
Extension of sustain line
Besides using suffix, there are two other methods to extend the duration of a sound. One way is to connect several sounds with the same pitch with a sustain line, and when playing, these sounds add up to make a sound. Such as: 5-∣ 5-.