Sound is produced by the vibration of objects, and vibration produces sound waves. Sound waves spread in the air and act on the hearing organs, making them hear sound. The sound that the human ear can hear is roughly between 1 1 Hz-20000 Hz per second.
Sound has four attributes: pitch, sound value, volume and timbre.
Pitch is determined by the number of times the pronunciation body vibrates per second. The more vibrations, the higher the sound. The vibration times are less,
The voice is very low.
The sound value is determined by the duration of the vibration of the pronunciation body, which is long and loud; On the contrary, the sound is short.
The volume is determined by the amplitude of the hair when it vibrates. The sound with large amplitude is strong and the sound with large amplitude is weak.
Timbre is determined by many factors, such as the number of overtones when receiving sound vibration, the nature and shape of the sound.
The four attributes of sound have different functions in music expression.
Regular vibration and obvious pitch are called "musical tone"; The vibration is irregular and the pitch is not obvious, which is called "noise".
The tones used in music are mainly musical sounds, but noise is not indispensable.
The sum of the basic musical tones used in music is called "musical tone system".
The tones of a music system are called "levels".
Arranging the sounds of the music system from low to high or from high to low according to a certain pitch relationship and order is called "sound train"
In the music system, the smallest calculating unit of pitch relation is called "semitone". When two semitones are added together, it is called "whole tone". On the keyboard, two adjacent keys (including black keys) form a semitone, and keys separated by a key form a whole tone.
In the musical sound system, all the famous sounds have their own names, which are called "sound names". There are c, d, e, f, g, a, b and so on.
Do, re, mi, fa, sol, la and si are mostly used for singing, so they are called "roll call".
A scale named after seven letters is called a "basic scale".
What you get by raising or lowering the basic pitch level is called "changing the pitch level".
In order to distinguish different sounds with the same name, another group of sounds is produced, which is the "sound group"
The middle group of small characters are represented as c 1, d 1, e 1, f 1, g 1, a 1, b 1, and the lowest order on the right is "small character group 2". The fifth group has only one sound "c5".
To the left, the order is "small group" and "to large group". Small characters are marked with lowercase letters, big characters are marked with uppercase letters, and big characters are marked with "1" in the lower right corner of uppercase letters. There are only two sounds "A2 B2" in the second group of Chinese characters.
Rhythm and beat are important parts of music creation, which is of great significance in music performance. Rhythm and beat always coexist in music, and music is organized by the length and strength of sound and the fixity and accuracy of their relationship.
There are strong and weak in the same time period. Repetition in a certain order is called "beat"
"Rhythm" refers to the relationship between the length of sound organized by strength and weakness.
In musical works, the typical rhythm is called "rhythm type". ?
Each time period in the beat is called "unit beat", that is, a beat.
When there is only one strong note in each cycle of the beat, the unit beat with strong notes is called "strong beat" and the unit beat without strong notes is called "weak beat".
The unit beat of the beat, expressed by fixed notes, is called "beat"?
The mark indicating the beat is called the "time sign". Time symbols are expressed by fractions, and molecules indicate how many beats there are in a bar. ? In music, the part between the strong beat and the strong beat is called "bar" Vertical lines that separate bar lines from each other are called "bar lines". The bar line is always written in front of the racket as a mark of the racket. ?
The weak part of the music beat begins, which is called "weak rise". Music begins with a strong beat or weak part, which is called "weak section". Weak section is an incomplete measure.
In the music system, the relationship between two tones is called interval.
In the interval, the high notes are called "crown notes" and the low notes are called "root notes". The two sounds in the interval sound one after another, which is called "melodic sound" and can be divided into three types: ascending, merging and descending. Two sounds produced at the same time in an interval are called "harmony intervals".
When melody tone was written, the two sounds were recorded separately in order. When writing a harmony interval, the two tones should be aligned up and down. Except for the second interval, it must be staggered, with the bass on the left and the treble on the right.
Interval pronunciation: harmony interval, rising melody sound, all from root sound to crown sound; Parallel and falling melodic tones, be sure to explain the direction when reading.
The name of an interval is determined by its degree and number.
The number of lines and spaces contained in an interval on the staff is called the "degree" of the interval. The number of whole tones and semitones contained between two tones in an interval is called the "number of tones" of the interval. The number of tones is marked by integer, fraction and band fraction, 0 means semitone, and 1 means whole tone. ?
To identify intervals, we must take the "degree" and "number" of intervals as the basis, both of which are indispensable. Now list the degrees, numbers and names of various intervals composed of basic tones as follows?
A degree with 0 notes is called "purity". ?
The second degree marked 1/2 is called "second degree"; The second degree marked 1 is called a sophomore degree. ?
Three degrees with a number of 3/2 are called "small three degrees"; A third degree with two notes is called a "big third degree". ?
The fourth degree with a number of 5/2 is called "pure fourth degree"; Four degrees with three notes is called "increasing four degrees". ?
Five degrees with three notes is called "negative five degrees"; A fifth degree with 7/2 notes is called a pure fifth degree. ?
Six degrees with four notes is called "small six degrees"; Six degrees with 9/2 notes is called "big six degrees". ?
Seven degrees with five notes is called "small seven degrees"; The seventh degree with the note number 1 1/2 is called "big seventh degree". ?
Adding four degrees and subtracting five degrees is also called "three tones" because they all contain three whole tones. ?
From these intervals, we can also find a rule. That is, one, four, five, eight degrees, no size; Two, three, six, seven degrees, no purity. ?
Annotation of intervals: degrees are marked with Arabic numerals. The number of tones is marked by big, small, increasing, decreasing, pure, multiplying and decreasing.
An interval within or including octave is called a "single interval". An interval exceeding eight degrees is called a polyphonic interval.
Polyphonic intervals are formed by adding one or several octaves to an interval. Such as sophomore year separated by an octave, pure four separated by two octaves. ?
Polyphonic intervals not exceeding two octaves, and their independent names. The names of these intervals are based on the degrees they contain, indicating size, size, increase, decrease, purity and so on. The name of the sound program remains the same.
Pure intervals, large intervals, small intervals, increasing by four degrees and decreasing by five degrees are called "natural intervals".
Natural intervals can be formed at the basic level or at the changing level. ?
Except for increasing by four degrees and decreasing by five degrees, all increases, decreases, increases and decreases are called "changing intervals". Changing intervals come from natural intervals. ?
Raising the crown or lowering the root of an interval can increase the number of tones in the interval, while lowering the crown and raising the root can reduce the number of tones in the interval.
According to the auditory impression of harmony interval, interval can be divided into "harmony" and "disharmony".
An interval that sounds pleasant and complete is called a "concordant interval" and an interval that sounds complete is called a "dissonance interval"
Extremely harmonious interval: pure first degree, pure eighth degree, full harmonic interval: pure fourth degree, pure fifth degree, incomplete harmonic interval size three degrees, size six degrees, dissonance interval: size two degrees, size seven degrees, full increase, decrease, multiply, double decrease interval.
The root sound and crown sound of an interval are reversed, which is called "interval transposition" When the interval is transposed, it can be within an octave or above. You can move the crown or root, or you can move the root and crown together.
Interval transposition has the following rules:
Turn into octave, turn into octave; After the second interval is shifted, it becomes the seventh interval. After the seventh interval is transposed, it becomes the second interval; The third interval; The fourth interval is transposed into the fifth interval, and the fifth interval is transposed into the fourth interval. ?
After the major interval is transposed, it becomes a minor interval. After the minor interval is transposed, it becomes a major interval; After the transposition of the extended interval, it becomes a shortened interval, and after the transposition of the shortened interval. Become an extended interval; After doubling the interval, it becomes a doubling interval, and after doubling the interval, it becomes a doubling interval. After the pure interval transposition, it is still a pure interval. ?
After the natural interval is transposed, it is still a natural interval; After the change interval is transposed, it is still a change interval; Harmony interval is still harmony interval after transposition, and dissonance interval is still dissonance interval after transposition; After the transposition of a single interval, it may be a single interval or a complex interval. After a polyphonic interval is transposed, it may be a polyphonic interval or a monophonic interval.
The isolation of two intervals sounds exactly the same, but the meaning and writing in music are different, which is called "equal interval"
There are two kinds of equal intervals: 1, the same degree, 2, and the different degree.
A chord composed of three tones that can be superimposed according to the third interval relationship is called a "triad". In triads, when arranged in intervals of three degrees, the following sounds are called "root sounds" and marked with the number "1"; The alto is called "three tones", marked with the number "3", the upper tone is called "five tones" and marked with the number "5". A triad is a major third from the root to the third note, a minor third from the third note to the fifth note, and a pure fifth from the root to the fifth note, which is called a major third. The triad from the root to the third note is a minor, the third to the fifth note is a major third, and the root to the fifth note is a pure fifth, which is called a minor chord. From the root sound to the third sound, the third sound to the fifth sound is a major third degree, and the root sound to the fifth sound is an existential chord that increases by five degrees, which is called "increasing triad". A triad is a minor from the root to the third tone, a minor from the third tone to the fifth tone, and a triad from the root to the fifth tone minus five degrees, which is called "minus triad". Major and minor chords are concordant chords, and increasing and decreasing triads are dissonant triads. Major chords and minor chords are used more.
The sum and tail of four tones that can be stacked in a three-degree interval relationship are called "seven chords". The four tones in the seventh chord are arranged in three-degree intervals, which are called "root tone, three-tone, five-tone and seven-tone" from low to high, and are marked with the numbers "1, 3, 5 and 7" respectively. The name of the seventh chord comes from the root and the seventh degree of the seventh note. The commonly used seven chords are: "big and small seven chords, small seven chords, minus seven chords, minus seven chords". The root, third and fifth notes are major triad, and the root to seventh notes are minor seventh chords, which are called "major and minor seventh chords". The root, third and fifth tones are minor chords, and the root to seventh tones are minor seventh chords, which are called "minor seventh chords" or "minor seventh chords" for short. Root, triple and pentatonic are chords with negative triad and negative seventh degree from root to seventh tone, which are called "negative seventh chord" or "negative seventh chord". The root note, the third note and the fifth note are minus three degrees, and the root note to the seventh note are minus seven degrees, which is called "minus seven chords" or "minus seven chords" for short. As can be seen from the above example, the names of all kinds of seven tones are named according to the category of triad and the interval relationship between root and seven tones, that is, the first word represents the category of triad and the second word represents the seventh degree from root to seven tones. All seven chords are discordant.
A chord with the chord root as the bass (lowest bass) is called "in-situ chord". A chord in which the bass is the third, fifth or seventh note of the chord is called a "transposed chord". A triad has two notes besides the root, so it has two inversions. Taking three notes as bass is the first letter of a triad, which is called "the sixth chord" and marked with the number "6". Taking the pentatonic scale as the bass is the second transposition of the triad, which is called "46 chord". Besides the root, the seventh chord has three notes, so the seventh chord has three inversions. Taking three notes as the bass as the "first inversion" is called "five or six chords" and is represented by the number "". Taking the pentatonic scale as the bass is the second transposition of the seventh chord, which is called "third and fourth chords" and is represented by the number "".Taking the seventh tone as the bass is the third transposition of the seventh chord, which is called "second chord" and is represented by the number "2". The sign of the inverted seventh chord is based on the relationship between the root sound after the position, the second interval of the seventh tone and the interval of the bass. The symbol of chord modulation only indicates chord modulation. Does not indicate the category of chords, so when labeling transposed chords, words must be used to indicate the category of chords.