Beethoven

Beethoven (1770-1827) was a famous German composer. His father was a German court singer. He received strict music training from his father since he was a child, and learned to play the piano and Compose. Since 1792, he has been settling in Vienna, making a living by teaching, performing and composing music. Later, due to his creative achievements, he became one of the representatives of the classical music school in Vienna, Germany. His works have played a continuing role in the history of European music and have had a profound impact on the development of modern Western music. Beethoven's hearing gradually declined from the age of 28, and he was completely deaf in both ears by the age of 50. However, he endured this fatal blow, insisted on conducting and composing, and fought unyieldingly against fate. Beethoven's main works include nine symphonies, of which the third, fifth and sixth are also known as the Eroica Symphony, the Destiny Symphony and the Pastoral Symphony, plus the ninth choral symphony, all of which are famous Symphonic works. In addition, he also has 32 sonatas including "Pathétique", 5 piano concertos, 1 violin concerto, 6 string quartets and "Missa Solemnis" and many other works.

"Moonlight" is a piano sonata composed by Beethoven in 1801.

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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)

Is the world's most famous composer since the late eighteenth century german musician. Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine River in Germany on December 26, 1770. His grandfather was originally from the Netherlands. After immigrating to Germany, he served as the local court music director. His father was a tenor singer and his mother was the daughter of a palace cook. Beethoven grew up during the period when Joseph II implemented "enlightened autocracy", and the rulers of Bonn also implemented some reform measures. Bonn became one of the centers of the German Enlightenment at that time. Beethoven grew up in such an environment during his childhood. However, Beethoven had a very unhappy childhood. His father, who was addicted to alcohol, ruined the family business. He tried to turn the four-year-old Beethoven into a cash cow. He wanted his son to become a Mozart-style child prodigy, so he not only forced his child to He practiced piano, and often came home drunk in the middle of the night, dragging his children out of their sleep to play the piano. Beethoven, who was under eight years old, was forced to perform and perform in front of Cohen's audience. Beethoven, who was eleven years old, began to perform in the theater working in a band. This harsh childhood life enabled Beethoven to embark on the independent path of making a living through music very early, and at the same time developed his perseverance and stubborn character.

From 1781, while working in the theater, Beethoven studied Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier" and composition method with band conductor Neve. Neve was a very cultivated composer who was inclined to the Enlightenment. Conductor, he has contributed to the development of German national opera and oratorio. By learning from this teacher, Beethoven realized the importance of learning the German national music tradition. Under Neve's guidance, he also accepted the influence of the Enlightenment and developed a strong interest in the progressive literature of Germany at that time.

After 1787, Beethoven took on the financial burden of his family's life. But Beethoven did not succumb to the hardships and hardships. He managed to attend philosophy classes at the University of Bonn. He was obsessed with reciting and studying ancient mythology, Greek and Latin classical literature. He was fascinated by Shakespeare, Schiller, Goethe, etc. People's works are very popular. Although he did not have Mozart's precocious talent, nor did he have Mozart's superior learning conditions, his tireless self-study achievements were beyond the reach of all his predecessors. The French bourgeois revolution of 1789 and the progressive anti-feudal movement in the Rhine Valley played a huge role in Beethoven's ideological growth. He gradually regarded the pursuit of "liberty, equality and fraternity" as his political ideal. The cantata "The Death of Joseph II" he composed in 1790 praised Joseph II as the savior of the people. This not only showed his pursuit of democracy and ideals, but also reflected Beethoven's early support for reformism. unrealistic fantasies. This work is also Beethoven's earliest attempt to integrate vocal music and symphony. In 1792, with Haydn's encouragement and support, Beethoven came to settle in Vienna.

He first entered the noble families of Vienna as a talented young pianist, and was warmly received and protected by the nobles. He also once had illusions about the upper class society. However, Beethoven's era was different from that of Haydn and Mozart. The era gave Beethoven more mature bourgeois consciousness and personal self-confidence and self-esteem. Therefore, he was not willing to be a slave of the noble family from the beginning, but wanted to have an equal status with the nobles. Later, Beethoven gradually discovered that there was a great contradiction between his bourgeois ideals and the feudal society at that time. In addition, he began to face the threat of deafness in 1796, which caused Beethoven to quickly develop a dissatisfaction with reality and a rebellion against his personal destiny. thoughts and feelings. After 1797, Beethoven suffered from deafness, and his condition worsened year by year. For a musician, there is no heavier blow than this! The devil restricted the composer's contacts with the outside world and hindered his piano performance. He had to give up performing and lived in seclusion in the countryside of Vienna for a long time.

From 1800 onwards, Beethoven naturally gradually broke away from the influence of Haydn and Mozart in his creation, striving to create his own artistic style and pursue new ideals.

The "Third Symphony" ("Eroica Symphony") he completed in 1803 marked his entry into a new stage of development in creation - a mature period. His creative power during this period was extremely strong, showing giant-like working ability and producing many outstanding works. The basic ideological logic of Beethoven's mature works - "Victory through struggle" - was gradually established during this period. A new style of heroic and mass symphony was formed, with revolutionary content, dramatic symphony development techniques, Various major innovations in form, etc., have achieved further development during this period. Beethoven's most outstanding works were almost all created while he was deaf for the next thirty years of his life.

1815-1819 was a four-year period of crisis that Beethoven experienced. At that time, Europe fell into a period of reactionary feudal restoration, the revolutionary power of the bourgeoisie was strangled, and darkness enveloped the European continent. Beethoven's thoughts during this period were relatively complex, and his confidence and determination were disturbed by disappointment and wavering; his creative heroic style changed to a lyrical style; he produced very few works, and spent most of his time collecting, exploring and adapting folk songs from various European countries. superior. This fully shows that the pacifists in the period of rising bourgeoisie have their historical limitations. However, Beethoven finally struggled out of silence and passed his crisis period. From 1819 onwards, Beethoven once again focused his attention on the anti-feudal struggle. The five piano sonatas, five string quartets, and even the greatest of his creations, the Ninth Symphony (Choral Symphony), all have profound significance. But Beethoven's last years were the most miserable and painful years of his life. The threat of loneliness and poverty made him depressed and lonely. He died of illness in Vienna on March 26, 1827. It is said that at his last moment, amid heavy rain and lightning, Beethoven raised his withered arms to the sky in a final struggle. This spirit of endless fighting in life is all concentrated in his immortal masterpieces.

Beethoven is one of the greatest creators of human art. On the one hand, he has excellent musical talent, a fiery rebellious temperament and a strong character like a giant; on the other hand, his indomitable will and lofty thoughts arising from his sense of social responsibility form his special qualities as a musician. Through his own creation, especially in his nine symphonies, he reflected the great people's movement and the most progressive ideas of that era. Taking the fate of the times and individuals as themes, he wrote a series of symphonic works through a combination of profound philosophy and touching artistic images, which showed the rise of the bourgeoisie from struggle to victory, from darkness to light, and from suffering to happiness. The spiritual journey of the period, his nine symphonies will always shine like pearls. Through the research and analysis of Beethoven's nine symphonies, especially the analysis of four of them (i.e., the third, fifth, sixth, and ninth) title symphonies, we can not only understand the basic appearance of all Beethoven's creations and his That great and innocent thought, and you can understand the major innovations in symphony creation, and you can see how the symphony transitioned from the era of Haydn and Mozart to the new development period represented by Schubert and Mendelssohn. As early as Beethoven's lifetime, he was already recognized as a musician of world significance. He was not only a great classical composer, but also went down in history as a pioneer of the Romantics.