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A computer, commonly known as a computer, is an electronic computing machine used for high-speed calculations. It can perform numerical calculations, logical calculations, and has a storage and memory function. It is a modern intelligent electronic device that can run according to the program and process massive data automatically and at high speed. It is composed of a hardware system and a software system. A computer without any software installed is called a bare metal computer.
It can be divided into five categories: supercomputers, industrial control computers, network computers, personal computers, and embedded computers. The more advanced computers include biological computers, photon computers, quantum computers, and neural network computers. Protein computers and more.
The computing speed of today's computer systems has reached trillions of operations per second, and microcomputers can also reach hundreds of millions of operations per second, enabling a large number of complex scientific computing problems to be solved. For example: the calculation of satellite orbits, calculations of large dams, calculations of 24-hour weather forecasts, etc. In the past, manual calculations took years or decades, but now computers can be completed in just days or even minutes.
The development of science and technology, especially the development of cutting-edge science and technology, requires highly accurate calculations. The reason why computer-controlled missiles can accurately hit the predetermined target is inseparable from the precise calculation of the computer. A general computer can have more than a dozen or even dozens of (binary) significant digits, and the calculation accuracy can range from a few thousandths to a few millionths, which is beyond the reach of any computing tool.
As computer storage capacity continues to increase, more and more information can be stored and memorized. The computer can not only perform calculations, but also save the data, programs, intermediate results and final results involved in the calculation for users to call at any time; it can also process various information (such as video, language, text, graphics, images, music, etc. ) perform arithmetic operations and logical operations through coding techniques, and even perform reasoning and proofs.
The internal operations of the computer are automatically controlled according to the programs programmed by people in advance. Users design the operating steps and programs in advance based on their problem-solving needs. The computer operates very strictly according to the steps specified in the program. The entire process does not require manual intervention and is executed automatically, achieving the user's expected results.
Supercomputers usually refer to computers composed of hundreds, thousands or even more processors (computers) that can calculate large and complex tasks that ordinary PCs and servers cannot complete. A supercomputer is a type of computer with the most powerful functions, the fastest computing speed, and the largest storage capacity. It is an important symbol of the country's scientific and technological development level and comprehensive national strength.
Supercomputers have the strongest parallel computing capabilities and are mainly used for scientific computing. It undertakes large-scale, high-speed computing tasks in meteorology, military, energy, aerospace, mining and other fields.
In terms of structure, although both supercomputers and servers may be multi-processor systems, there is no substantial difference between the two. However, modern supercomputers mostly use cluster systems and pay more attention to the performance of floating point operations. It looks like a high-performance server focused on scientific computing, and it is very expensive.
General super calculators consume a lot of power, and the electricity bill costs thousands per second. The CPU of a super calculator has at least 50 cores, which is about 10 times that of a home computer, and the processing speed is also quite high. Very fast, but this kind of CPU cannot be purchased, and the price is tens of millions.