1. National singing

Broadly speaking, it refers to the singing methods including traditional Chinese opera, folk art, folk songs and songs with these three styles; In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to the technical methods and rules used in singing vocal music works with strong national style, which is a general term for "national folk singing method" and "combination of Chinese and Western singing method". Its characteristics are: on the basis of refining and inheriting the traditional singing method, drawing lessons from and absorbing some excellent skills in western singing method, thus forming a correct vocal method with China national characteristics. National singing pays attention to the nationality of the voice, and the timbre is more real, bright and forward. Pay attention to the sound and emotion, require deep breath, use local * * * sounds, use real voices for high notes, and have greater tension in vocal cords and throat muscles.

second, popular singing

also known as natural singing or popular singing, refers to the performance means used to sing popular and popular songs. His singing skills include air singing, falsetto singing and crooning singing. From the perspective of singing style, it can be roughly divided into three categories: strong song type, soft and beautiful type and artistic type. Generally speaking, the popular singing method is mainly light singing, with little use of * * * singing, no need to open the throat, shallow use of breathing, natural and smooth voice, little modification, wide range, and more effort on vocal cords and throat muscles. However, it pays attention to emotional expression, tends to attach importance to emotion and light tone, and the performance is random.

third, Bel canto

The word comes from the Italian word Belcanto, which means exquisite and beautiful singing. It is a kind of singing method that emphasizes the beauty of voice, and the intonation is more important than recitation or drama. Its remarkable feature is that through a series of methods advocated by human anatomy, the vocal organs are forced to adjust themselves with the most subtle changes, and the sound quality, intensity, timbre and * * * sounds related to human language are obtained to coordinate and change into musical sounds, so as to actively participate in the performance of musical images. These concepts can be established from the effectiveness of bel canto skills.

Therefore, Bel Canto pays attention to the scientific nature of sound, especially the sound, and pursues the brilliance, strength, coherence, fluency and softness of the sound. It is required that the breath is smooth, the three vocal regions of high, middle and low are unified, the vocal range is wide, and the sound amplitude is large. The voice always contains the "Vibrato" that enhances the sound, that is, the effect of "kneading strings" on stringed instruments. The amplitude of vibration is larger than other singing methods, and the tension of vocal cords and throat muscles is smaller than other singing methods.

Extended reading: Vocal classification

Tenor

Tenor is the highest voice of male voice, and its range usually ranges from the central C, that is, the C in the small group to the C in the small group. According to the characteristics of timbre, it can be divided into lyric and drama. The lyric tenor is as cold, ethereal and poetic as the lyric soprano, and is good at singing singing tunes. The tenor of drama has a strong timbre and is full of heroism. Good at expressing strong feelings. German, the hero of Tchaikovsky's opera The Queen of Spades, is a typical dramatic tenor.

baritone

The range and timbre of baritone are between tenor and bass, which have their own characteristics to some extent. The range generally ranges from a flat in the small group to a flat in the small group. Ode to the Yellow River in Xian Xinghai's The Yellow River Cantata is a famous baritone solo. This song shows a magnificent picture of the Yellow River with its warm tune and vigorous spirit. It symbolizes the great and noble spirit of our nation.

Bass

Bass is the lowest pitch of male voice. The range is usually from the e in the small group to the e in the small group. According to the characteristics of timbre, it can be subdivided into lyric bass and so on. The tone of bass is passionate and fiery, and it is good at expressing passionate feelings. Yang Bailao in the opera White-haired Girl composed by Kyle is the bass.

soprano

The soprano's range is usually from the central C, that is, the small group C to the small group C.. Because of the differences in timbre, range and singing skills, soprano singers can be divided into lyric, coloratura and drama. The lyric soprano's voice is cold, broad and ethereal, and she is good at singing singing tunes and expressing poetic and inner feelings. Xian Xinghai's The Yellow River Cantata's Yellow River Complaint is a lyric soprano solo. The coloratura soprano has a higher range than the average soprano. The voice is cold. For example, the Italian composer Benedict's vocal variation "Venice Carnival" is sung by a coloratura soprano. The dramatic soprano has a strong voice, can express complex emotions, and is good at singing dramatic chants. The Italian composer Verdi's opera Ayida has the first act, and The Return of Victory in the first scene is a typical drama.

mezzo-soprano

The range and timbre of mezzo-soprano are between soprano and contralto. The range usually ranges from A in the small group below the central C to A in the small group. Carmen, the heroine of French composer Bizet's opera Carmen, is a dissolute and provocative gypsy woman, and singing with mezzo-soprano just shows Carmen's wildness.

due to the limited roles and the fact that this sound area is close to pronunciation, it is difficult to form distinctive features. In other words, if there is no need for the plot, this true mezzo-soprano is difficult to play, so really excellent mezzo-soprano is quite rare. The famous mezzo-soprano roles are: Elda, the mother of the earth in Wagner's The Ring of Nibelungen, and Sang Song and Delilah (1872) by Saint-Sang. Saint-Sang made 13 operas in his life. Sang Song and Delilah is one of the rare operas featuring mezzo-soprano, and it is also the masterpiece of Saint-Sang. Sang Song's story is recorded in the Old Testament, taking Sang Song, an ancient Israeli hero, as the theme.

contralto

contralto is the lowest voice in a female voice, and its range usually ranges from F in the small group below the central C to F in the small group 2. The tone is masculine and bloody, and the enthusiasm is hot. Russian composer Tchaikovsky's opera "Yevgeny onegin", the first scene of "Olga's recitation" is sung by contralto.

The end of 18th century and the first half of 19th century were the golden age of contralto. The king's retinue in Weber's oberon and Malcolm in Rossini's Beauty on the Lake all give full play to the voice characteristics of this voice. Contralto can also play an extremely good boy or a teenager, such as Pirotto in Donnetti's Linda of Chamonix and Orsini in Lucrezia Borgia. In addition to cinderella in Rossini's Cinderella and assas in Sai Milla Meade, the image of contralto is often associated with passionate women.

In glinka's Ivan Susanin (1836), Vanya, Susanin's adopted son, was played by a contralto. In order to save the life of romanov, the newly established czar, he rushed to report the news overnight, which killed his mount. Here, Vanya's contralto singing is quite moving, leaving a deep impression on the audience.