Abstract: Yongxin Drum is one of the traditional operas in Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province, which originated from Taoism. Legend has it that it was formed in Yongxin, Jiangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty. In the early days, it was a fishing drum form for blind artists to make a living by singing in nursing homes for the orphans and the disabled. Later, some blind artists in Yongxin changed to drum accompaniment and changed their language intonation and performance style. They sang some short songs adapted from operas and novels, which gradually developed into Long song and lyrics, forming songs with local colors. The following article will introduce the artistic features and historical origins of Yongxin Drum. Let's have a look! Yongxin drum is a kind of Jiangxi music. Originated from Taoism. Legend has it that it was formed in Yongxin, Jiangxi Province in the Qing Dynasty. In the early days, it was a fishing drum form for blind artists to make a living by singing in nursing homes for the orphans and the disabled. Later, some blind artists in Yongxin changed to drum accompaniment and changed their language intonation and performance style. They sang some short songs adapted from operas and novels, which gradually developed into Long song and lyrics, forming songs with local colors. The performance form of Yongxin snare drum is that one stands and sings, mainly singing, and sometimes it is very clear. The singer wears a small drum with two faces around his waist and beats the drum. Singing is born out of the fishing drum, and its sentence structure and board cavity structure are similar to those of the fishing drum, but they have developed and changed. Melody ups and downs, can be narrative, but also lyrical. There are mainly two kinds of flat cavity and high cavity. Pingqiang is steady and deep, with downward melody, and is good at expressing humorous and ironic themes. The high-pitched voice is high, enthusiastic and powerful, and the melody is upward, which is suitable for expressing praise and praising the theme. There are more than 30 traditional tracks such as "Selling Flowers" and "Visiting Chang 'an Privately".

I. Historical origin

According to yongxin county annals, the sound of the horn was produced in Qianlong period (1740). At that time, there was a "Duen Hall" at the north gate of Yongxin County, which was dedicated to supporting some helpless blind, deaf and disabled people. Drummers came out of the blind people in this "Holy Grace Hall". Ouyang Chengxiang, the ancestor of Yunghsin Xiaogu, was born in Qingling Village, Yange, South Lane of Yunghsin (1722). He read some poems when he was young. After a serious illness, he was blind and was sent to the "Shengen Hall" for support. He didn't want to sit back and enjoy the success, so he gave full play to his talents. He replaced the fishing drum made of snakeskin with a small drum made of cowhide and tied it around his waist with a red rope. In this way, the timbre of the snare drum is rich and powerful, durable and easy to carry and sing. Then he matched a small bamboo pole with his left hand and a small bamboo board with his right hand. With his own memory, Ouyang Chengxiang changed the folk stories and operas he read when he was young into small drum characters. He paid great attention to the appetites (hobbies) of the local people at that time, made jokes and developed into a unique and rich local voice in Yongxin. The name yongxin has been in use since the founding of Ouyang until the early morning 1953, and it is still called yongxin by local people, especially Yongxin people who travel overseas will ask about this name when they return home.

In April, 1953, Yongxin Cultural Center held the first training course for artists. Comrade Zhang Tao, the former propaganda minister of Yongxin County Committee and later the vice chairman of Jiangxi Federation of Literary and Art Circles, instructed during the observation: "Yongxin's singing of the horn is very distinctive, so it should be well excavated and sorted out. In the explanation (voiceover), all countries are drums, but Yongxin is a small drum, so let's call it Yongxin Drum." Since then, Shui Xin's chant has been named Yongxin Drum.

Drum, formerly known as "Ming Hao", is a folk art for blind artists to make a living. It was only popular in Yongxin county in the early days, and then it was popular in several counties in Ji 'an city. According to textual research, it was produced in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1740 or so). At that time, Hubei suffered a serious flood, and a group of fishermen and drummers drifted to Yongxin and lived in the "Shengentang" in the north gate. The "Grace Church" is a place dedicated to supporting the helpless blind and deaf. A Hubei fishing drum artist named gourd pockmarked often sings in the streets and alleys, and the blind artist of "Shengentang" also learns to sing from him. Ouyang Chengxiang, the fastest receptive, read some poems in his childhood and knew a little about writing. After a serious illness, his eyes were blind, and his parents died one after another, giving him a "holy grace hall." He tried to imitate the gourd pockmarked and devoted himself to exerting his talents. He changed the long barrels and fishing drums made of snakeskin into flat double-sided drums made of cowhide and tied them around his waist with red ropes, which was not only convenient to carry and sing, but also vigorous and durable. Ouyang Chengxiang, together with other blind people, compiled poems, folk stories and operas he read when he was a child into small drum tracks, and integrated them with his familiar and popular songs, logging songs, labor songs and folk songs to make small drum songs, so he called them "singing trumpets".

Yongxin drum, formerly known as "singing the trumpet", is a traditional opera art mainly based on rap and spread in Yongxin. According to yongxin county annals, "chanting the horn sound" was produced in Qianlong period of Qing dynasty (1740), and its ancestor Ouyang chengxiang was born in 1722. He changed the fishing drum into a small drum made of cowhide and made a living by tapping and singing. After several generations, the blind will not be passed on to others. It has been more than 260 years since the liberation of the blind for ten generations. 1In April, 953, Yongxin County Cultural Center held the first blind art class, which was renamed as "Yongxin Sister-in-law". Amateur artist Zhu Yousheng came to the stage to rap, not sitting and singing, accompanied by a small band.

Drum rap is performed by a blind man who knocks and sings by himself. One person with many horns, no band. The rapper can only sit and sing. The rapper held two small bamboo boards between his fingers in his left hand, played drums with a small bamboo pole in his right hand, and hung the drums from his chest to his waist with a red cloth. He used humorous dialects, yongxin folk songs and trumpets to tell stories, operas and other things that happened around him, which directly reflected people's life, social conditions and ethical concepts. The small drum rap venue is simple and easy to use, and it can be seen everywhere, which is deeply loved by the people. Its rap features are of great artistic research value; Its historical value is mainly an educational method that is easy to understand, easily accepted by the people, influential and interactive. It is entertaining and plays a certain educational role. It is a kind of entertainment rooted in the people, with a strong flavor of life, which is almost a household name in Yongxin, making up for the lack of people's cultural life at that time. In the mid-1980s, the Cultural Center of our county organized the collection and collation of Yunghsin drum materials, and was selected into China Quyi Records to do some rescue work. However, with the decrease of blind people, the proper placement of blind people's life, the rapid development of people's cultural life, and the prohibition of performances after the Cultural Revolution, the art of small drum is in danger of being lost, leaving only the tenth generation of blind people Huang Huahua and amateur artist Zhu Yousheng. It is urgent to rescue and protect Yongxin Drum, a folk art.

1. development course

During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, the Red Army of Chinese Workers and Peasants and the Provisional Central Government of chinese soviet republic attached great importance to folk art, and organized artists of Yongxin Drum to rap everywhere, encouraging the masses to take part in the revolutionary struggle, and compiled and sang tracks such as Down with Warlords and Powers, Persuading White Soldiers and Rioting, which made Yongxin Drum popular in Taihe, Suichuan, Ninggang, Jinggangshan and Anfu. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, excellent songs such as "Brothers and Sisters Deliver Meals" were written, and the popular area of Yongxin Drum was also expanding.

2. Artistic features

(1) Performance Form

Yongxin drum solo, singing while talking, mainly singing. The singer held two small bamboo boards between his fingers in his left hand and a 7-inch-long bamboo stick in his right hand, beating the drum hanging on his chest and singing alone. There are two kinds of voices: flat cavity (including Allegro) and high cavity. Pingqiang is calm and deep, and is good at expressing humorous and ironic themes. Allegro after the flat cavity repeats the lyrics at a faster speed, strengthening the tone and rendering the atmosphere. High-pitched tunes are passionate and energetic, and the range is more active and ups and downs than flat tones, which can be long or short, elastic and rigid. The language of the play is simple, the lyrics are concise, and no attention is paid to literary talent or rhythm. Most of them are seven words and four sentences, and there is a delay at the end of each paragraph. Moreover, it is completely suitable for rhyming with local common languages, idioms, proverbs and local accents, and is deeply loved by the masses.

(2) Singing style

(No) is a person sitting and singing, talking and singing, mainly singing. The singer holds two small bamboo boards in his left hand and a seven-inch bamboo pole (shaped like chopsticks) in his right hand, and sings alone without musical instruments. His singing is ups and downs, humorous, gentle and lyrical, long or short, flexible and sometimes colloquial. Its repertoire language is simple, the lyrics are concise, and the local popular language, lingua franca, idioms, sayings and proverbs are fully used.

The local accent rhymes, and with the easy-to-understand, humorous and lively rhythm, the song is full of interest. There are stages where snare drum Jr. sings everywhere. Spring and summer are in sunny streets or open spaces during the day, and summer and autumn are not only in the hall, but also in the square where people enjoy the cool at night. Streets and even under the eaves are not limited by time and space, nor by the number of listeners. They can be as many or as few as possible, and will attract many people to watch and sing anytime and anywhere. Sometimes I sing until late at night and dawn. Soon, Yunghsin drums developed to the countryside and spread to Taihe, Jinggangshan, Ninggang, Lianhua, Anfu, Chaling, Lingxian and Ji 'an counties around Yunghsin.

(3) Singing characteristics

(1) As a means of livelihood handed down by the blind, the form of performance is very blind. A person sits and sings, and a person has many angles. He sings and sings by himself, all by mouth.

② The costume props are simple, and no special costume is needed. The singer holds two small bamboo boards in his left hand and drums with a small bamboo pole in his right hand, and hangs the drums from his chest to his waist with red cloth, which is convenient for carrying, walking and singing.

(3) The content of the small drum is mostly folk stories, operas and other folk events, which are compiled into small paragraphs to reflect people's life and social conditions, ethics and customs. The content is simple, easy to speak and easy to understand.

④ The language is concise and the lyrics are concise. Most of them use yongxin local dialect, and the sentences can be long or short. They rhyme with idioms, proverbs, proverbs and local voices. They sing and chat with Yongxin bugle and folk songs, which is very local.

⑤ Influenced by the geographical environment, it is simple, spicy, playful, ironic, both rigid and flexible, short and popular, and full of interest, and it has developed to this day, and it is even more colorful.

The rap venue is simple, as long as you can put a stool to sit down.

(4) Performance props

1, snare drum: cowhide is a drumhead with a diameter of 1 1cm and a drumhead of 10cm and a thickness of 4 cm;

2. Small bamboo pole:17cm; Dragon;

3. 2 bamboo boards: 8cm long and 5 cm wide (2 pieces);

4. Red cloth 1: hanging drums;

5. 1 small stool

Three. Inherit meaning

Yongxin Xiaogu was selected as a unique variety of China Quyi and was selected as a Quyi annals of China. As far as the content of her performance is concerned, she can closely cooperate with policies and politics for publicity, and her performance form is flexible, which can better persuade people to be good and lash out at ugliness. Judging from its rich historical origin, the small drum is a kind of China art deeply loved by the masses, which has been deeply rooted in people's hearts and extended to many counties and cities around Yongxin. Many overseas Chinese with Yongxin nationality will ask to listen to the first Yongxin bugle as soon as they return to Yongxin. It's a local product of Yongxin, and it's also a fixed dish in their hometown. It's already on the red soil of Yongxin.

With the progress of the times, the life of the blind has been improved. After liberation, the rule that "speakers are only for the blind" was broken. As a result, the drums for the blind and the drums for learning are basically over. After the reform, with the rapid development of people's entertainment, professional performances gradually replaced her vitality. In such an environment and climate, this kind of folk art is mostly just a little concern of cultural workers, and it has not supported her further development and improvement economically. As a result, yongxin drum, once a household name, is facing an endangered state. What should be done now is "emergency rescue". It's a timely help, not a icing on the cake.

More Jiangxi-related cultures: A Complete Collection of Traditional Customs and Cultural Knowledge in Jiangxi >>& gt