Chinese traditional culture is the fundamental creativity of the achievements of Chinese civilization. It is the overall collection of moral inheritance, various cultural thoughts, and spiritual concepts in the history of the nation. Chinese traditional culture is an entity system that is harmonious and inclusive of multiple cultures, including Laozi's moral culture as its main body, and Confucianism, Zhuangzi, Mozi's thought, and Taoist culture as its main body. It is the ideological spirit of the Chinese nation and the foundation of social politics and economy.
Introduction to traditional Chinese culture:
Benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, trust, loyalty, filial piety, brotherhood, integrity, forgiveness, courage and surrender; chess, calligraphy and painting, three hundred and six Ten elements, four great inventions, folk taboos, loyalty to the country, natural health, bamboo, folk songs, loess, Yangtze River, Yellow River, red, and the moon. Twelve zodiac signs: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, pig. Farmers and peasant uprisings; royal palaces, court culture, and imperial studies.
Hundred Schools of Thought
1. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi; thoughts: morality, inaction, carefree; "South China Classic", "Tao Te Ching" and "Guanzi"
2. Confucianism (Confucius, "The Analects", Mencius, "Mencius", Xunzi; Thoughts: benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, and faith; four books: "The Doctrine of the Mean", "The Great Learning", "Mencius" and "The Analects")
3. Legalism (Li Kui, Han Fei, Li Si, " Han Feizi's thoughts: centralized monarchy, ruling the country by law)
4. Mohism (Mozi, "Mozi", thoughts: universal love, non-aggression, promotion of talents, frugality)
5. Famous masters (Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gongsun Long, Huan Tuan "Gongsun Longzi")
6. Yin-Yang family (Zou Yan, Five Elements, Metal, Wood, Water, Fire and Earth)
7. Strategists (Gui Guzi, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, "Warring States Policy")
8. Miscellaneous Writers (Lü Buwei's "Lu Shi Chun Qiu")
9. "The Early Zhou Dynasty")
10. Military strategists (Sun Bin's "Sun Bin's Art of War", Sun Wu's "Sun Tzu's Art of War", Wu Qi, Wei Liao, Wei Wuji, and Bai Qi's thoughts: Know yourself and the enemy, and the military motto of being invincible in a hundred battles comes from this book. )
11. Physicians (Bian Que, Chun Yuyi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Wang Bing, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue)
Qinqi, calligraphy and painting
Flute, erhu, guzheng, Xiaodi, drum, guqin, pipa. "Sunset Flute and Drum", "Eighteen Beats of Hujia", "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace", "White Snow in Spring", "Qiao Qiao Qiao"); Chinese chess, Chinese Go, games, chess pieces, chessboards; Chinese calligraphy, seal cutting, and the Four Treasures of the Study (writing brush) , ink, ink stone, rice paper), woodblock watermarks, oracle bone inscriptions, bells and tripods, Han Dynasty bamboo slips, vertical line-bound books; Chinese paintings, landscape paintings, freehand paintings; Dunhuang murals; Eight Horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi)
Traditional literature
Mainly refers to poetry, music, and poetry.
The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu, and Sun Tzu's Art of War; pre-Qin poetry, Han poetry, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, and Yuan opera. Novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Four Great Classics ("Journey to the West", "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin"), "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", etc.
Traditional festivals
China has. Various traditional festivals, many things have various etiquette and customs. There are nearly 50 traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The following are the 15 major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Huachao Festival (Hundred Flowers Birthday). Shangsi Festival (March 3), Cold Food Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Ghost Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Kitchen Festival (Off Year), New Year's Eve. Each place also has local and national characteristics.
Chinese Opera
Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Qin Opera, Chao Opera, Kun Opera, Hunan Opera, Henan Opera, Qu Opera[1], Errenzhuan, Hebei Bangzi, Shadow puppet show, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese opera, Flower Drum Opera, Baling Opera, puppet show, facial makeup, Liyuan Opera, Gezi Opera, etc.
Chinese Architecture
Pavilions and archways, gardens and temples, bell towers, temples, pavilions and houses
Chinese characters in Chinese
Chinese characters< /p>
Chinese characters are one of the four most original scripts in the world (the other three are Egyptian script, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan script). The only one in use today is still full of vitality and lasting. new.
As an outstanding representative of ideographic (morpheme) characters, Chinese characters dominate half of the world’s written language (the other half is made up of various letters and phonetic characters).
Chinese characters and the Chinese language they record are exquisite, and their artistry is the highest among all texts. The only arts in the world such as classical metrical poetry, couplets, word puzzles, and fortune-telling were produced.
Few writings can become an art, and none can reach the height of the art of Chinese calligraphy. The inscriptions, seal carvings, plaques, couplets, scales and fans are all exquisite.
Every stroke of Chinese characters reflects the wisdom and understanding of the world of our ancestors. The so-called Chinese philosophy is most vividly reflected in the structure of Chinese characters.
From Spring Festival couplets, inverted Chinese characters for "福", to "attracting wealth and treasures", as well as the calligraphy and paintings of "福luxshou", as well as the fiery red character "囍" in the bridal chamber, and the solemn "Dian" in front of the mourning hall. Characters, Chinese characters are living folk customs and culture.
Chinese characters have maintained the unification of China for thousands of years. People from all over the world, ancient and modern, use the same Chinese characters, so communication is not hindered.
People today can still read bamboo slips from the Qin and Han Dynasties, and steles from the Tang and Song Dynasties. This is a unique miracle among all civilizations in the world.
Couplets, riddles (lantern riddles), idioms, idioms, idioms, shots, drinking orders, limericks, etc...
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, " "Huangdi Nei Jing", "Acupuncture Jia B Jing", "Mai Jing", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Qianjin Prescriptions", "Shen Nong's Materia Medica", "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", "Jingui Synopsis"
Religion Philosophy
Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Book of Changes, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Stem and Branch, Compass, Bagua, Divination, Feng Shui, Facial Phrase, etc.
Folk Crafts
Tide Embroidery , paper cutting, kites, Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.), Chinese knots, clay figurines, dough figurines, dough sculptures, patterns (taotie pattern, wishful thinking pattern, thunder pattern, fretboard pattern, Ba pattern, auspicious clouds), hyacinth eye, thousand layer base, eaves , Jiu
Chinese martial arts
Tai Chi, Wing Chun, Shaolin, Wudang
Regional culture
Chinese culture, Chaoshan culture , Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, North Lingnan, desert customs, Mongolian grassland, black soil, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Land of Abundance, Northwest, Guilin landscape, ends of the earth, Central Plains culture, Baling culture... Folk customs
Etiquette , Wedding (matchmaker, Yue Lao, betrothal gift, bridal chamber), funeral (filial piety, paper money, first seven), sacrifice (ancestors of heaven and earth); door gods, New Year paintings, firecrackers, glutinous rice balls, dumplings.
Clothes
The clothes of the Han nationality began with the Yellow Emperor and were prepared by Yao and Shun. Each dynasty has different shapes. China also has Chinese tunic suits, Tang suits, and cheongsams that were influenced by other ethnic cultures. Ethnic minority costumes, various traditional and modern accessories, shoes, hats, etc.
The Four Great Elegant Operas
Flowers, Birds, Fish and Insects
Animals and Plants
Dragon, phoenix, unicorn, tiger, leopard, crane, turtle, Giant panda...; the top ten famous flowers are orchid, plum blossom, peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, rose, osmanthus, azalea, narcissus and camellia.
The nine sons born in the dragon are: Qi Niu, Jia Sui, Chao Feng, Pulao, Suan Ni, Bi Xi, Bi Fan, Chi Kiss, Taotie, Jiao Tu, Earthworm and Pixiu.
Antique items
Jade (jade pendants, jade carvings...), gold and silverware, porcelain, mahogany furniture, cloisonne, Chinese lacquerware, painted pottery, purple sandware, batik, ancient weapons (armor, Swords, swords, eighteen kinds of weapons, etc.), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc.), tripods, gold ingots, wishful thinking, candlesticks, red lanterns (palace lanterns, gauze lanterns), rickshaws, snuff bottles, birdcages, longevity locks, bronze mirrors , large sedan chair, hookah, snuff bottle, banana fan, peach blossom fan.
Food and cooking skills
Seven things to do when going out: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea; tea ceremony; wine culture, Chinese cuisine, eight major cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan) , Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hunan), dumplings, glutinous rice balls, rice dumplings, rice cakes, moon cakes, chopsticks; shark fin, bear paw, sea cucumber, abalone...
Legends and myths
< p>Pangu created the world, Nuwa mended the sky, Houyi shot the sun, Chang'e flew to the moon, Kuafu chased the sun, Jingwei filled the sea, the match between gods, Liang Zhu, Meng Jiangnu cried at the Great Wall, the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, the Legend of the White Snake...Gods and monsters
Gods, monsters, Jade Emperor, King Yama, black and white impermanence, Meng Po, Naihe Bridge...
Traditional music
Refers to music created by the Chinese using their own nation's inherent methods, adopting their own nation's inherent forms, and having their own nation's inherent morphological characteristics. It includes not only ancient works produced in history and passed down to this day, but also contemporary works. It can be seen that traditional music includes "Chinese music" but does not include "new music", but they are all "Chinese music".
Traditional music is an extremely important part of Chinese national music. The difference between traditional music and new music does not lie in the order of creation, but in its form of expression and stylistic characteristics. For example, the erhu solos "Moon Reflected on Two Springs" and "Fishing Boats Sing Evening" are modern music works, but their performance forms are unique to the Chinese nation, so they are also traditional music. On the contrary, the school songs and the piano solo "Shepherd Boy Piccolo" are not traditional music because their musical morphological characteristics are borrowed from Western music.
The classification of traditional music was first seen in the "Introduction to National Music" compiled by the China Music Research Institute, which is divided into five major categories: songs, song and dance music, rap music, opera and instrumental music. However, most colleges and universities do not consider it in teaching. Song and dance music was merged into folk songs, so it became four major categories: folk songs, national instrumental music, folk art (i.e. "rap") music, and opera music.
In fact, "ethnic music", "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "ethnic music" includes traditional music and new music; while "folk music" is just traditional music A category of music. Moreover, China's national music is very rich. In addition to folk music, it also includes court music, religious music and literati music.
Mr. Du Yaxiong classified Chinese traditional music as follows: folk music, literati music, religious music, and court music; folk music includes folk songs, folk instrumental music, folk songs and dances, opera music, and rap music; literati music Including guqin music, poetry recitation tunes, and literati's own tunes; religious music includes Taoist music, Buddhist music, Islamic music, shamanism and other religious music; palace music includes sacrificial music, court music, welcome and parade music, and banquet music .
"Traditional Opera"
The "Four Major Tune" of Opera
The four major tunes are brilliant and have an influence on opera;
Kunshan The tune has been improved and artistically created.
Yiyang tune has a strong rhythm and is made high-pitched by adding rolling white;
Bangzi tune has a loud sound and a bitter sound, which can be used skillfully.
Pihuang tune, two combined into one, is called Erhuang, and Xipi;
Xipigang, Erhuang suppresses it, and later developed into Peking Opera.
Among the vocal tunes, Kunshan tune, Yiyang tune, Bangzi tune and Pihuang tune are the typical ones.
Top ten famous Chinese classical songs: "Mountains and Flowing Waters", "Three Plum Blossom Alleys", "Moonlight Night on the Spring River", "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace", "White Snow in Spring", "Questions and Answers of Fishermen and Woodcutter", "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" ", "Guangling San", "Pingsha Luoyan", "Ambush from Flying Daggers".
Chinese couplets
Couplets, also known as couplets or antithetical couplets, are parallel sentences written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood, or pillars. The language is simple and profound, and the antithesis Neat and harmonious, it is a unique art form of the Chinese language with one word and one sound. According to legend, the couplet originated from Meng Chang, the lord of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.
Couplets originated in the Qin Dynasty and were called Taofu in ancient times. Regarding the earliest couplets in China, Mr. Tan Chanxue wrote an article in the fourth issue of "Literary and Historical Knowledge" in 1991 and pointed out that the earliest couplets in China appeared in the Tang Dynasty.
The time span is from the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In ancient Chinese poetry, some relatively neat couplets appeared very early on. Several ancient ballads that have been passed down to this day have seen their origins. Such as "Dig a well to drink, plow the field to eat", "Work when the sun rises, rest when the sun sets" and so on. By the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, couplets were even more common. There are some neat parallel sentences in the hexagrams and lines of the "Book of Changes", such as: "The faint can see, the lame can walk." (Hexagram "63" of "Lu"), "First ascend to the sky, and then enter the earth. " (Hexagram "Shang Liu" of "Ming Yi") Dual and neat sentences are more common in "Yi Zhuan", such as: "Look up to observe the astronomy, and look down to observe the geography" ("Xici Xizhuan"), " The same sound corresponds to the same air, the water flows moistly, the fire becomes dry, the clouds follow the dragon, the wind follows the tiger... each follows its own kind."
Rhythm and couplet, a couplet in metrical poetry. This style of poetry, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but its origins can be traced back to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. During the Cao Wei Dynasty, Li Deng wrote ten volumes of "Sheng Lei" and Lu Jing wrote five volumes of "Yun Ji", which distinguished clear and voiced sounds and Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu sounds. In addition, Sun Yan wrote "Erya Sound and Meaning" and used Fanqie notation. He was the founder of Fanqie.
Chinese traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, lyrics, music, fu, national music, national drama, folk art, traditional Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, lantern riddles, shefu, drinking orders, idioms, Taoist culture, Zen Buddhism culture, food culture, filial piety culture, charity culture, traditional Chinese medicine culture, etc.; traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival (Lunar New Year) on the first day of the first lunar month, Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, and Chinese Valentine's Day on the seventh day of the lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, New Year's Eve on the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month, and various folk customs; ancient Chinese natural sciences, including the traditional calendar, and the traditions of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the Chinese nation. Culture is also an integral part of Chinese traditional culture.
Famous Mountains and Rivers
China’s Five Mountains: Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan, Songshan, and Taishan.
Ancient Taoist holy places for cultivating immortality: Mount Wutai in Shanxi, Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Jiuhua in Anhui, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang, etc.
The four most famous mountains in Taoism are: Mount Qingcheng, Mount Longhu, Mount Wudang, Mount Qiyun .
Buddhism now has four famous mountains: Mount Wutai in Shanxi, Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Jiuhua in Anhui, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang...
Don’t look at the mountains when you come back from the Five Sacred Mountains, and don’t look at the mountains when you come back from Huangshan!
Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Liaohe River, Haihe...