Bach is one of the greatest classical composers in Germany and an organ player. His main works include John Passion and Twelve Balanced Piano Music Collection. Bach's works have a far-reaching influence on modern western music, so he is known as the "father of music" and the "unparalleled master" in western Europe.
Handel, a famous British German composer, has the Messiah and Hallelujah as his main works. His works, which combine German rigorous counterpoint, Italian solo art and English chorus tradition, have become a treasure in the history of world music. Together with Bach and Vivaldi, he drew a successful conclusion to the glorious Baroque era.
Vivaldi was a famous Italian composer and violinist in Baroque period. His most famous work is the violin concerto Four Seasons. His musical genius inspired later baroque musicians, especially his rich works and novel and scientific opera creation methods, which inspired the curiosity of modern Italian composers.
The content of characteristic theme has distinct humanistic characteristics; The melody sound line is beautiful and smooth; The texture of piano accompaniment is simple and simple; And the singing style is soft and lyrical.
Extended data:
Baroque period is an era in the history of western art, which is roughly17th century. Its earliest performance was in Italy in the late16th century, but in some areas, mainly Germany and South American colonies, it did not reach its peak in some aspects until18th century. The baroque period ended in the18th century, and its unique style changed into rococo style.
In music, the most significant turning point in the history of art occurred in Italy at the beginning of17th century. Although the ancient style continued to be popular, it was later used only for religious music, while the modern style was gradually used for non-religious music. Due to the expansion of music vocabulary, the differences between religious music and non-religious music, vocal music style and instrumental music style, and ethnic groups are becoming increasingly obvious. Therefore, the Baroque period in the music field, like other art fields, also embodies various styles. The music of this period didn't have much thought, emphasizing the beauty of rhythm. Opera, oratorio and chorus are some of the most important new forms of vocal music, while sonatas, concertos and preludes are created for instrumental music.
Claudio monteverdi (1567 ~ 1643) was the first great composer of "new music". He studied under Italian baroque opera masters Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 ~ 1725) and Giovanni Pegolesi (17 10 ~ 1736) in Italy. Italian instrumental tradition is embodied in the great baroque composers Correlli (1653 ~ 17 13), Vivaldi (1678 ~ 17465438) and Giuseppe. Giovanni Batista Luli (1632 ~ 1687) and jean philippe rameau (1683 ~ 1764) are two masters of French baroque music.
In Britain, Handel (1685 ~ 1759) made great achievements in vocal music after the prevalence of the mask drama of Stuart dynasty. Handel was born in Germany and received music training in Italy. Bach (1685 ~ 1750), a contemporary of him, later pushed baroque sacred music to a climax in Germany. Other famous German baroque composers are Xu Ci (1585 ~ 1672), Dietrich Baxter Hood (1673 ~ 1707) and Teleman (168655).
Portuguese Baroque, originally meant as an irregular pearl, now refers to the luxurious architectural style of Europe in17th century and18th century. Musicians borrow this phrase to explain the musical style of the same period.
Melody features: phrases vary in length and have a long breath. No matter vocal music or instrumental music, the melody is unprecedentedly gorgeous and complex, and there are quite a few decorative sounds and modes. Like the Renaissance melody, the development of melody is usually characterized by visualization and symbolism. What is striking is that there are obvious harmony attributes in the melody.
Rhythm: It can be divided into free rhythm and clear regular rhythm. The former is used for recitation, toccata, prelude and so on. , while the latter is used for aria, fugue, dance music, etc. Stay the same in motion. These two rhythms are often used together, such as recitation and aria, prelude (or toccata) and fugue.
Mode: The system of major mode and minor mode has replaced the "church mode" in the past.
Harmony: A complete harmony system with major and minor functions centered on subject, subordinate and subordinate is formed, and the tonality is changed by disharmony, which makes harmonic progression full of strength and emotion. /kloc-the invention of the law of twelve averages in the 0/7th century is closely related to the full development of the harmony system.
Basso continuo: (Full bass, also known as digital bass or basso continuo)
Unique composition techniques in baroque period. Write a clear note in the bass part of the score of a keyboard instrument (usually an clavichord) and mark it with a number to explain harmony (for example, the number 6 means that the note should have its sixth and third notes on it). The player plays bass and harmony according to this prompt, and the arrangement and texture of chords are chosen by the player himself.
Texture: Polyphony texture is dominant, and its writing technology has reached an unprecedented peak. The difference between polyphony and Renaissance is that it is a counterpoint method based on functional harmony. At the same time, there are also many works that use the theme texture.
Musical form: a multi-movement structure that contrasts with each other in rhythm, speed and style, such as suites, variations, concertos, oratorios, etc. , often used in the combination of prelude and fugue, recitation and aria. The internal structure of polyphonic music is a continuum written by imitation (not segmented), but we can see clearly the factors of presentation, development and reproduction. At the same time, there are also segmented structures, variations, Passacaglia and summer sky forms that change in a fixed bass melody.
Main music genres: vocal music: mass, classic songs, hymns, operas, oratorios, oratorios, suffering music and various solo and chorus songs. Instrumental music: toccata, prelude, fantasia, fugue, variations, suites, sonatas (mainly solo sonatas and trio) and concertos (orchestral concertos, concertos and solo concertos).
Emotional characteristics: maintain a basic emotion in an action, and form a contrast between actions.
Strength performance: instead of pursuing subtle changes that gradually become stronger and weaker, we adopt a clear "gradual strength."
Representative composers: George Friedrichandel (1685 ~1759), etc.
Reference link: Baroque Period-Baidu Encyclopedia