Bai Juyi's famous piece "Pipa Xing" is famous for its description of music and has always been praised by people. I use appreciative reading and comparative reading in teaching to inspire students' thinking and mobilize their reading ability. enthusiasm and achieved good teaching results.

1. Appreciative Reading

1. Appreciating the Beauty of Music

The music played by the Pipa Girl cannot be explained today, but the rhythm and melody of the music described by the poet , artistic conception, and emotions expressed by music, all of which leave us with a broad space for imagination. For example, when the author writes about the pipa girls' school string audition, it is already "the strings cover up the sound and thoughts", the sound is emotional, and the strings represent the heart. During formal performance, the music described from "the big strings are noisy like a pelting rain" to "the four strings are as loud as a cracking silk" can be divided into four sections: the first section: from "the big strings are noisy like a pelting rain" to "Big beads and small beads falling on a jade plate" expresses exciting and joyful emotions by describing the separate and intertwined ensembles of large and small strings; the second section: from "The flower bottom slides in the Guan Yingyu" to "Here "Silence is better than sound at times." The music goes from the lightness and smoothness of "The Orioles Whispering at the Bottom of the Flower" to the whimpering and even the cessation of the sound of "The Cold Spring", showing that after the lightness, the music gradually falls into a deep, sad and choked state, which makes people think, when music What was left after it stopped was the lingering sound. The endless meaning makes the reader fall into deep thought. The pause contains the coming of change. The beginning of the third section is "The silver screen breaks and the water enters". The music is exciting, vigorous, majestic and powerful, and the warm and spectacular scene of "the cavalry standing out and the sound of swords and guns" seems to be immersive and touching, and it is also the climax of the music. The fourth section is the end of the music: "In the middle of the music, the plectrum is carefully drawn, and the four strings sound like cracking silk", which expresses the vigor and power at the end of the music, and it ends abruptly after the climax. The whole music is sometimes like a gurgling stream, jumping happily out of a mountain stream, sometimes like a rushing river with turbulent waves; ups and downs, sometimes fast or slow, sometimes fast and sometimes slow, sometimes magnificent, crisp or ethereal. The poet describes for us an extremely changing musical world. Reproduce the beauty of music for us.

2. Diverse techniques of appreciating sounds

In order to reproduce the beauty of sounds, poets use a variety of description techniques.

Metaphor and imitation. Like pelting rain, whispers, warblers, springs, cracked silk, the sound of swords and guns, and the breaking of silver bottles, this is a world of intertwined sounds, a symphony of nature, and a convergence of souls.

Use the rhetorical device of empathy. The poet uses a lot of visual images to describe auditory images. "The noisy and mixed playing, big and small beads falling on the jade plate" makes us seem to see countless crystal clear orbs falling from high places into the exquisite and smooth jade plate during the interlaced playing of large and small strings. Pearlescent sparkling, crisp and jingling, in "The Orioles are Whispering at the Bottom of the Flowers", we seem to feel the warmth of the sun, the gentle spring breeze, and see the blooming flowers, the bright spring light, the whirling green shadows, the light and vigorous oriole, jumping around Beautiful view of the branches.

The poet expresses the beauty and touchingness of the melody by describing the emotion of the music. The music may be cheerful or deep, slow or rapid. Or they can tell about their personal frustrations, or they can express the bitterness and resentment in their hearts. She has an unfortunate life experience, the hardships of studying hard, the brilliance of being a famous artist, and the grievance and helplessness of being drifting and haggard now. Pipa Girl expresses her feelings and understanding of life through music, and presents it to the audience.

The poet also wrote about the emotional exchange between the performer and the listener. Xie Nu's miserable life experience and sad emotions. Everything she said with the sound of the piano was understood clearly by the poet. And produced a strong roar. So much so that he couldn't help but utter a deep call: "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before?" When I heard the pipa again, my blue shirt became even more wet with tears. The singing girl's piano sound is even more precious, beautiful and touching only in the ears of a "close friend".

2. Comparative Reading

1. Horizontal Comparison

In addition to this "Pipa Xing", Bai Juyi also has two poems describing music. One of them is "The singer who heard the song at night was banished from the capital to Xunyang and stayed in Ezhou" and "Ye Zheng". The former has many similarities with the time and scene described in "Pipa Xing". They are all about listening to the harp on an autumn night and seeing a singing girl. The sound of the harp is also sad and resentful, and the singing girl's life is miserable. At the same time, the singing girl has a high level of musical literacy. But comparing the two, it can be seen that the description of "Pipa Xing" is more specific and delicate. The description of music, the narration of the singer's life experience and the sigh of self-deprecation are all vivid and touching. The Pipa Girl was once a talented and beautiful woman, Now he is drifting and haggard, alone in an empty ship. His experience is pitiful, and the poet's loyal words have been demoted, so why does it not arouse deep sympathy from readers? When the poet sympathizes with the singer, isn't it a sentimentality and injustice for his own experience? The sincerity of the singer Sympathy is also a true expression of the sadness and indignation of the upright intellectuals in the feudal era who were unable to develop their ambitions and talents.

The other song is the quatrain "Ye Zheng": "In the bright moon with purple sleeves and red strings, I feel dark and depressed when I play. The strings condense and point to the place where the swallowing sound stops, and there is a deep feeling of ten thousand." This poem can be seen as an abbreviation of "Pipa Xing". The time of playing the zither, the atmosphere during the performance, the emotion of the music and the mood of the player are all very similar to "Pipa Xing".

"Purple sleeves with red strings in the bright moon" reminds people of the desolation of "Sending off guests on the Xunyang River on the first night, maple leaves rustling with flowers in autumn", "self-playing and feeling dark and low-spirited" reminds people of "low eyebrows, formalities to continue playing, saying everything The resentment of "There are infinite things in my heart", "The strings condense and point to the place where the swallowing sound stops", reminds people of the deep and solemn music when "the ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass the sound for a pause", "there is no deep feeling ten thousand times heavier" Reminding people of the sadness of "silence is better than sound at this time", the poet used description, foil and lyrical techniques to describe the touching power of music in a short quatrain. The beautiful sound of the piano is intoxicating and moving, and the silent music makes the listener even more breathtaking. Endless aftertaste. What is described here seems to be a silhouette. In the bright moon, a singer playing the kite has already been immersed in the music. The audience has also forgotten time and themselves, and is intoxicated in the wonderful artistic conception of the music.

Of course, these three poems describing music also have many different aspects. "Pipa Xing" is more delicate, vivid and rich in content than the other two.

2. Vertical comparison

This poem is compared with Han Yu's "Listening to Yingshi Playing the Qin", Li He's "Li Ping Konghou Yin" and later Liu E's "Minghu Ju Tingshu" They are all classic poems describing music. Fang Funan of the Qing Dynasty compared "Pipa Xing" with Li He's "Li Ping Kong Hou Yin" and praised it as the "best text" for copying sounds. They all use a variety of techniques to describe music, leaving a deep impression on people and bringing beautiful enjoyment to readers.

Li Shi and Han Shi only wrote about the beauty of music, but did not write about the life experience of the player and the poet's feelings. Bai Shi not only wrote about the beauty of music. It also narrates the life experience of Pipa Girl and her life of being demoted. By appreciating music, listening to his life experience, and making comparisons, the poet gained a deeper understanding of music and a deeper sympathy for the Pipa Girl. Therefore, he expressed the eternal sigh of "we are both fallen people in the world, so why should we meet before". Li He's poems are full of romantic imagination and vivid images.