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Musical characteristics of Sichuan Qingyin

Initially, it was mostly performed by an actress alone in teahouses and bookstores, accompanied by pipa, erhu, bamboo drum, sandalwood board, etc. Among them, bamboo drum is a unique accompaniment instrument for Sichuan Qingyin. During the performance, the actress sings solo, hitting the bamboo drum with her right hand and the sandalwood board with her left hand, and sings by herself. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sichuan Qingyin entered the theater stage, changed from sitting singing to standing singing, and had duet, chorus or solo singing with accompaniment. During the performance, the actor hits the sandalwood board with his left hand and hits the bamboo drum with chopsticks with his right hand to control the rhythm and singing speed. The accompaniment instruments include sandalwood board, bamboo drum, pipa, Yueqin, erhu, Gaohu, etc. In recent years, she has begun to sing long-form pieces such as "The White Lotus Heroine", embedding confessions in the singing and singing, and singing verses and prose intertwined. Sichuan voiceless music is divided into Shanghe school and Xiahe school. The provincial tune of Chengdu is the Shanghe School. Its singing tune is light, delicate and mellow. In the tune, there is a unique and jumping continuous tone singing method - Haha tune. The singing form of Sichuan Qingyin used to be dominated by female actors, supplemented by male actors. They sang while sitting without performing, and the singers played their own instruments. There are usually three to five people in a class, formerly known as "Haihu Class". The repertoire of Sichuan Qingyin is rich, with more than 400 at the end of the Qing Dynasty. In recent years, about 200 tunes have been collected. Most of them are songs of sorrow and nostalgia, and many are lyrics and music for the occasion or sung stories about characters from legends and novels.

Sichuan Qingyin music has a very rich repertoire, and its structural forms include monomer, couplet and banqiang. The use of "ha-ha tune" and "tip-of-tongue sound" in moistening the tune are its outstanding features. There are more than 600 traditional repertoires, including those adapted from novels and operas such as "The Nun Descends the Mountain", "Little Joe Crying to the Husband", "Broken Bridge", "Sifan", and those that praise historical figures such as "Mulan" and "Zhaojun Goes Out of the Fortress". It absorbs folk songs from various places such as "Flying a Kite", "Little Husband", "Golden Plum Blossom", etc., and new songs that reflect real life and revolutionary historical themes such as "Huang Jiguang", "Ding Youjun", "Sister Jiang Goes to Huaying", "Send Off" "Gong Liang", "Little Accountant", "Flower Party". Famous voiceless artists include Chen Qiongrui, Li Yueqiu, Huang Dejun, Cheng Yongling, etc.

Li Yueqiu, a well-known voiceless singing artist, is highly accomplished in the ha-ha tune. Her voice is sweet and her accent is soft and melodious. She was known as Chengdu Zhou Xuan as early as the 1940s. Representative repertoire of Sichuan Qingyin include "Kite Flying", "Broken Bridge", "Autumn River", "Embroidered Lotus Color", "Huang Jiguang", "Flower Party", etc.

It is an art form of singing and singing. There are 8 major keys, more than 100 minor keys, and more than 200 arias that have been handed down to this day. Major tunes are mostly based on stories and legends, while minor tunes are mostly sung with folk songs, folk songs and other popular Sichuan tunes.

The "Selected Songs and Lyrics of Unvoiced Music" published in 1957, selected some excellent traditional music. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, work was done on the traditional repertoire of Sichuan Qingyin and many new repertoires were compiled and performed. The singing style is changed to the actress standing up, using sandalwood boards and bamboo drums (supported by drum stands) to control the rhythm, supplemented by necessary facial expressions, and the performers also play supporting roles and chorus. The famous actor Li Yueqiu once participated in the World Youth Festival and sang voiceless, and won a gold medal. Unvoiced music tunes are divided into three categories: major, qupai, and minor. There are 8 major keys, namely [Hou Diao], [Ma Tou Diao], [Parasite Diao], [Dang Diao], [Back Gong Diao], [Yue Diao], [Fan Xipi Diao], and [Tanhuang Diao]. . The tunes include "Half Moon", "Plate", "Seize the Son", "Stacked Broken Bridge", "Luojiang Resentment", etc.; the minor tunes include "Flower Flower Tune", "Yu'e Lang", "Four Seasons Tune", etc. There are three types of music structures: Qupai couplet, plank variation and single song.

The "provincial tune" in Chengdu is the Shanghe School. Its singing style is light, delicate and mellow. There is a unique style of "haha tune" in the singing style, which is a leaping continuous tone singing method. Li Yueqiu, a famous voiceless singing artist, has deep attainments in "Haha Tune". She has a sweet tone and a soft and melodious accent. As early as the 1940s, she was known as "Chengdu Zhou Xuan".