Current location - Music Encyclopedia - NetEase Cloud Music - www.What is a dispersion?
www.What is a dispersion?

Mass is a mass. The meaning is as follows:

Mass is a song sung during Catholic Mass rituals and is an important genre in religious music.

The Mass celebration is divided into two parts: "Ordinary Mass" and "Special Mass". The words and music sung in ordinary masses are fixed, while special masses vary according to the church calendar or weddings and funerals.

The singing part of the Mass is performed by the choir, and the tune is originally a monophonic song with free rhythm [generally referring to the monophonic tune without strict rhythm in the European Middle Ages (500-1450), including St. Chant, Ambrosi antiphon, French Catholic chant (gallican chant), mozarabic chant (mozarabic chant) and other ancient European religious songs and similar secular songs. ]. The verbal part is recited by the clergy in a special "monotone". According to traditional custom, all texts are in Latin (only after 1960 did the church allow the use of translations in various national languages). The notation follows the four-line Newm notation used in the Middle Ages.

The masses sung in ordinary masses are as follows: 1. "Kyrie"; 2. "Gloria"; 3. "Credo"; 4. " "Sanctus"; 5. "Agnus dei". The masses sung in special masses mainly include "Introitus", "Graduale", "Allelujah", "Devotion" and "Communio".

Although there are many tunes used for ordinary masses and special mass activities, there are only more than 20 commonly used tunes. In a set of masses, the tunes are organized in the form of a suite and use only one mode.

There are many types of masses. For example, in ordinary masses where there are more clergy participating in the mass, the mass with more complete and exquisite music is called "high mass" or "solemn mass" "missa solemnis" (missa solemnis), otherwise it is called "missa lecta"; a mass sung in an event dedicated to a special purpose is called a "votive mass"; it is also called a "votive mass" when there is no recitation. Masses sung at Masses where there is no ceremony but only singing are called "concert masses".

Since the 13th century in Europe, composers have mostly composed masses for ordinary masses, but they have also composed requiem masses for special masses. At first, the composer only composed individual passages. Machaud's "Notre Dame Mass" (1350), composed for the coronation of French Emperor Charles V, was the first four-part choral work composed entirely by a composer. "Pope Marcelli Mass" (1567) composed by Palestrina in the 16th century is a model work at the peak of a cappella singing. Since the 17th century, the mass has developed and added instrumental music, and there have also been new attempts at harmony. For example, Mass in B minor by J.S. Bach, BWV232 (1749). Later, German and Austrian composers made many contributions in this area, such as Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, Op. 123 (1823); Bruckner's Mass in F minor (1871), etc. Modern composers such as Kodaly and Stravinsky wrote works of this genre in a new style.