"The Book of Changes" ranks first among the Five Classics, and the Three Mysteries refer to "Laozi", "Zhuangzi" and "The Book of Changes".
"The Book of Changes"
Introduction
"The Book of Changes" is the "Book of Changes", one of the "Three Book of Changes" (Other view: It is believed that the Book of Changes is the Three Book of Changes) The Book of Changes (not the Book of Changes) is one of the traditional classics. It is said to have been written by Jichang, King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. The "Jing" mainly consists of sixty-four hexagrams and three hundred and eighty-four lines. Each hexagram and line has its own explanation (hexagram words and line words), which are used for divination. "The Book of Changes" did not put forward the concepts of Yin and Yang and Tai Chi. The book that talks about Yin and Yang and Tai Chi is the "Book of Changes" influenced by Taoism and Yin and Yang schools. "Zhuan" contains seven kinds of texts explaining hexagrams and line speeches and ten articles, collectively called "Ten Wings", which are said to have been written by Confucius.
Background of the book
Due to low productivity and underdeveloped science in early Chinese society, the ancestors were unable to make scientific explanations for natural phenomena, social phenomena, and human physiological phenomena. Therefore, The worship of God arose, believing that there is a supreme God behind things who controls everything in the world. When people suffer from natural and man-made disasters repeatedly, they develop the desire to use divine will to predict sudden disasters and the consequences of their actions, so as to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. In long-term practice, various prediction methods for communicating between humans and gods have been invented. Among them, the "Book of Changes" that best embodies the will of gods was produced under such conditions.
"Laozi"
Introduction
"Tao Te Ching", also known as "Tao Te Ching", "Laozi", "Five Thousand Words", "Laozi" "Five Thousand Essays" is a work written by the pre-Qin scholars in ancient China before they split up. It was admired by all the scholars at that time. It is said that it was written by Laozi (Li Er, a native of Luyi, Henan) in the Spring and Autumn Period. It is a Taoist An important source of philosophical thought. The Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The original text is the first part "De Jing" and the second part "Tao Jing". They are not divided into chapters. Later, they were changed to "Tao Jing". Chapter 37 comes first, and after chapter 38, it is "De Jing" and divided into chapters. For 81 chapters. It is the first complete philosophical work in Chinese history. Its ideological content is subtle but profound. He was hailed as the King of All Scriptures by the Chinese ancestors. The Tao Te Ching is the cultural masterpiece that has been translated into foreign languages ??the most and published besides the Bible.
Literary characteristics
Quote-style rhymes, with concise language, rich connotation, rigorous structure, strong ideological and charming charm, and multiple lines of parallel sentences. For example, "Misfortune comes, blessings depend on it; blessings come, misfortune lies behind" (Chapter 58), "The people are hungry because of the high food tax, so they are hungry; the people are difficult to manage, because of the food taxes above them." "Because it is difficult to cure; the people despise death because they seek to survive, so they despise death" (Chapter 75). The lyrics are concise and the syllables are sonorous. Although the theory is far-reaching, the text is rich in substance. Its rhetorical comparisons were mostly adopted by later generations of scribes. ?
"Zhuangzi"
Introduction
"Zhuangzi", also known as "Nanhua Sutra", is a Taoist scripture that was studied by Zhuangzi and his successors in the middle of the Warring States Period. After the Han Dynasty, it was revered as the "Nanhua Sutra" and Zhuangzi was named the True Master of Nanhua. His book, "Laozi" and "Book of Changes" are collectively called the "Three Mysteries". The book "Zhuangzi" mainly reflects Zhuangzi's critical philosophy, art, aesthetics, aesthetics, etc. It is rich in content, extensive and profound, covering many aspects such as philosophy, life, politics, society, art, and the theory of cosmogenesis.
Comments by famous experts
Pre-Qin Dynasty Sun Qing's "Xunzi Uncovering the Concealment": Zhuangzi was concealed by the sky and did not know people.
Pre-Qin Dynasty Han Fei's "Han Feizi·Wai Chu Shuo (top right)" ruled without naming names: "Don't persuade people with rewards and praise, don't be afraid of punishments and destruction. If the four are added and remain unchanged, then they will be eliminated. No." I am a minister of the emperor who is not friendly to the princes. I am afraid that he will disturb the law and change the teachings, so I will punish him first. "
Yang Xiong of the Western Han Dynasty, "Five Hundreds of Fayan": Zhuang and Yang did not follow the law.
Jin Dynasty Guo Xiang's "Preface to the Nanhua True Sutra": Zhuangzi Hongcai was born in this world, and he has many great poems in English. If what is true is contrary to what is said, a scholar who makes a tune will not be able to carry out his grand purpose and will make imaginary remarks. If there are "Yi" and "Yixiu" at the beginning, "卮yan", "Youfu", "Zixu", etc., there are three kinds of ingenuity. It may lead to the nearness, or it may lead to the birth of the roundabout, or it may be like "The Classic of Mountains and Seas", or it may be like the "Dream Divination Book", or it may come from "Huainan", or it may argue the form and name, and then join in the high rhyme, and the dragon and the dragon will control it, and The rhetoric is despicable, but it is not profound, but it is difficult to understand, and it is trapped and blocked, causing stagnation and loss of flow. How can it be the intention of Zhuangzi? Therefore, they are all omitted and not preserved. Now I have only cut down the length of it to reach the general outline, and compiled it into thirty-three chapters.