Vienna, the capital of Austria, is located in the Vienna basin at the northern foot of the Alps in the northeast of Austria, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the danube passes through the city, surrounded by the famous Vienna forest. It covers an area of 414.5 square kilometers. The population is 1.563 million (2), accounting for more than one fifth of the national population. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria and the capital of Lower Austria. The railway hub from Western Europe to the Balkans, the Danube River Port.

BC was a Celtic settlement. In the 1st century AD, the Romans built castles here. It was first recorded as "Vinia" in 881 AD, and became a handicraft and commercial center in the 12th century. It was the capital of the Habsburg dynasty from the end of the 13th century to 1918, and then the capital of Austria. In 1137, it was the first city of the Austrian Principality. At the end of 13th century, with the rise and rapid development of Habsburg royal family, magnificent Gothic architecture sprang up like mushrooms after rain. After the 15th century, it became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. In the 18th century, Maria Tielesia's mother and son were keen on reform, attacking church forces, promoting social progress, and at the same time bringing prosperity to art, which made Vienna gradually become the center of European classical music and gained the reputation of "Music City". Since 1945, it has been managed by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. After the signing of the peace treaty with Austria in 1955, the armies of the four countries retreated.

Vienna is known as the "goddess of the Danube". Beautiful environment and attractive scenery. It is mild in winter and cool in summer. Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs, with green forests. To the west of the mountain are gorgeous residential areas surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River runs through the city, with beautiful water and picturesque scenery. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; East of the city faces the Danube Basin, overlooking the shining green peak of Carpathian Mountain. The broad grassland in the north is like a huge green tapestry, and the blue Danube meanders through it. Houses are built along the mountain, with heavy buildings and clear layers. Looking from afar, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 5 meters, and the inner city is within the circular avenue lined with trees to cover the sun. The cobblestone streets in the inner city are criss-crossed, with few high-rise buildings, mostly baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and Twin Towers in the Middle Ages rose into the clouds, and its south tower was 138 meters high, overlooking the city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, completed in 1869, is called the world opera center. Built in 1857, the 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue is flanked by important buildings such as museums, city halls, parliaments, universities and the National Opera House, making it one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular avenue and another parallel circular road, which is sandwiched by commercial areas, residential areas, palaces and churches. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, the Bulong Palace in Schon, located in the southwest of the city, attracts attention, which is a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. The "Beautiful Palace" in the southeast of the city was built by Emperor Karl in prinz eugen in the early 18th century, who made great achievements in resisting Turkish invasion. Tourism is developed. The northeastern suburbs and southern suburbs are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobiles, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country.

The name of Vienna is always associated with music. Many great musicians, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, John Strauss and his son, Gliuk and Brahms, have spent many years here. Haydn's Emperor Quartet, Mozart's The Wedding of Figaro, Beethoven's Symphony of Destiny, Pastoral Symphony, Moonlight Sonata, Heroic Symphony, Schubert's Swan Song, Winter Journey, johann strauss's The Blue Danube and The Story of the Vienna Forest were all born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums and conference halls are named after these musicians. Musicians' former residences and cemeteries are visited and mourned by people all the year round. Today, Vienna has the most luxurious national opera house in the world, a famous music hall and a first-class symphony orchestra. New Year's Concert is held in the Golden Hall of Vienna Music Friends Association on January 1st every year.

Besides new york and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. The Austrian International Center, also known as the "United Nations City", which was completed in 1979, has a magnificent momentum and is the concentration place of many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that dominated Europe for a long time; In 1814, Austrian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister metternich used conspiratorial and treacherous political tactics at the protracted Vienna Conference. In 1815, the emperors of Russia, the United States and Austria concluded the so-called "holy alliance" in an effort to put out the bourgeois revolution; In 1848, under the influence of the European Revolution, a barricade war broke out in Vienna and metternich fled to London. In 1867, it became the capital of Austria-Hungary, the dominant European power; In the early 193s, Hitler became the leader of Nazi Germany. In March 1938, he led his army into Vienna, which opened the curtain for the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times in turn, and many classical buildings were destroyed. In May 1955, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France and Austria signed the Treaty on Rebuilding an Independent and Democratic Austrian State in the conference hall of "Beautiful Palace", thus ending the 1-year occupation of the four countries. On October 16th, 1955, the Austrian Parliament declared the constitutional law "permanently neutral", which was designated as the National Day.

Austria is known as the "heart of Europe" and Vienna is the "heart of the heart". Since ancient times, Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting East and West Europe and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

Vienna-the capital of history and culture: Vienna is always full of colorful and attractive cultural programs. Whether it's classical music or modern drama, film, dance director or opera, musical, art exhibition or concert and concert-no matter when you visit, you will have unlimited exploration and deep impression. You can also sit leisurely in the world-famous Vienna Cafe with a strong atmosphere and have a cup of coffee, or visit the first-class traditional winery. In Vienna, you can also taste the delicious and advanced cooking techniques from European countries.

Vienna-music city: Music has been inseparable from Vienna for centuries. It is the holy land where musical geniuses Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert and John Strauss were born. Vienna's long musical heritage continues to this day. The Vienna Symphony Orchestra and the Vienna Children's Choir, which are famous all over the world, will always get warm applause from full audiences in their tour performances around the world. The Vienna Conservatory of Music constantly breeds musicians who stand out in the international music world. In addition, Vienna's rich and active modern pop music stages and places have attracted many young people. If you like music, Vienna is absolutely unforgettable.

Historical population

In the early 2th century, Vienna was once the sixth largest city in the world. The population of Vienna grew rapidly during the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867-1918), when many immigrants from other parts of the empire gathered in Vienna. After the First World War, many Czechs returned to their motherland, which led to a decrease in the population of this city. In the following immigration period, about one third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames.