The basic considerations are:
1 and the rising sign (#) indicate that the basic volume is raised by a semitone.
2. The falling tone symbol (b) indicates that the basic volume is lowered by a semitone.
3. The polyphonic symbol (×) indicates that the basic sound level is raised by two semitones (a whole tone).
4. The double flat sign (bb) indicates that the basic tone level has been reduced by two semitones (one whole tone).
5. The lowering mark (ヰ) indicates that the raised or lowered voice is lowered.
6.mf (medium strength)
7.f (strong)
8.ff (very strong)
9.sf (extremely strong)
10, pp (very weak)
1 1, p (weak)?
12, mp (moderately weak)
Extended data
1.semobrave/whole tone: A hollow white tone without a stem and a tail is called a whole tone. It is the big brother of the note family, and the duration of other notes is shorter than it (except the whole note), so it should prevail. Divided into two halves in turn.
2. Mini/Seminote: A white note with a stem and no tail is called "Seminote", which is only half the length of the whole note and is equal to the duration of the whole note1/2;
3. Tone sandhi/quarter note: Black notes with stems and no endings are called "quarter notes". Half less than half a note, equal to the duration of the whole note1/4;
4. Octave note/Octave note: A black note with a stem and the end of 1 is called "Octave note". Half smaller than the quarter note, equal to the duration of the whole note1/8;
Baidu Encyclopedia-music notation