When Taizu was assisting the Wei Dynasty, he paid tribute to Gaochang, so he learned his skills and taught them to prepare for banquets. In the sixth year of Tianhe's reign, Emperor Wu stopped his work to entertain the four barbarians in his court. Later, when Emperor Ping lived in Beidi, she acquired the music of Kangguo, Qiuci, etc., mixed it with the old music of Gaochang, and studied it in Dasi music. Adopting its sound, it was placed in Zhongshi, and it was made from "Zhou Guan" and presented.

In the second year of Emperor Wucheng's reign, on the first day of the first lunar month, he gathered his ministers in the Ziji Hall and began to use Baixi. In the first year of Baoding, Emperor Wu issued an edict to stop it. When Emperor Xuan ascended the throne, he recruited various actors and actresses and built hundreds of operas. Fish and dragons spread all over the place, often in front of the palace, working hard day and night without knowing how to rest. In order to make the young men in the city have good looks, the women will dress up and sing and dance with them, leading them into the back courtyard to watch and listen with the palace people. Excessive play and unruly travel.

Emperor Wu used Liang to advocate the twelve cases of Xiong Zhi. At every Yuan Zheng meeting, they were listed in the hanging room and played in harmony with Zhengyue. During the reign of Emperor Xuan, he reformed the previous generation's advocacy and compiled it into fifteen pieces. First, change the Han Dynasty's "Ibis" to "Xuanjing Ji", saying that Wei Daoling was late and Taizu started the royal business. Second, the Han Dynasty's "Si Bei Weng" was changed to "Conquest of Longxi", saying that Taizu raised an army to kill the marquis Mo Chenyue and clear up Longyou. Third, change the Han Dynasty's "Ai Ru Zhang" to "Ying Wei Emperor", saying that Emperor Wu was lucky to the west, Taizu welcomed him, and he lived in Guanzhong. Fourth, the Han Dynasty's "Shang Zhi Hui" was changed to "Ping Dou Tai", saying that Taizu supported the troops to fight against Tai, and he was captured and killed. Fifth, change the Han Dynasty's "Yongli" to "Fu Hengnong", saying that Taizu attacked and restored Shaanxi City and Guandong was shaken. Sixth, change the Han Dynasty's "Zhancheng Nan" to "Kesha Garden", saying that Taizu captured and killed hundreds of thousands of people in the sand garden, and Shenwu escaped to the river and escaped in a single boat. Seventh, change the Han Dynasty's "Wushan Gao" to "War on the River Yin", saying that Taizu defeated Shenwu on the river and killed his generals Gao Aocao and Mo Duolou. Eighth, change the Han Dynasty's "Shangling" to "Ping Handong", saying that Taizu ordered the general to Ping Suijun Anlu and capture tens of thousands of people. Ninth, change the Han Dynasty's "Jian Jin Jiu" to "Taking Bashu", saying that Taizu sent troops to pacify Shu. Tenth, the Han Dynasty's "You Si" was changed to "Ba Jiangling", saying that Taizu ordered generals to capture Xiao Yi and level the southern land. Eleventh, the Han Dynasty's "Fangshu" was changed to "Shou Wei Zen", saying that Emperor Min accepted the Wei Dynasty and ruled over all countries. Twelfth, the Han Dynasty's "Shangxie" was changed to "Xuan Chongguang", which stated that Emperor Ming had inherited the great unification and carried out the emperor's way. Thirteenth, the Han Dynasty's "Jun Ma Huang" was changed to "Philosopher Huang", saying that the great ancestor succeeded the heaven with his holy virtue, and the world turned to the wind. Fourteenth, the Han Dynasty's "Zhizi Ban" was changed to "Ping Dongxia", saying that Gaozu personally led the six divisions to defeat the Qi, captured the Qi leader in Qingzhou, and conquered Shandong in one fell swoop. Fifteenth, the ancient "Sage Chu" was changed to "Capture Mingche", saying that Chen general Wu Mingche invaded Yi Xu's tribe, and Gaozu sent his generals to capture all of them. Emperor Xuan went out in the morning and returned at night, and Heng Chen preached. Fortunately, I was in Tongzhou. From Yingmen to Chi'an, for dozens of miles, drums and music were played. Praying for the return of rain in Zhongshan, he ordered the ladies of the capital to play music in the alleys to welcome him. Public and private affairs are in ruins, leading to death.

After Emperor Gaozu received the order, he ordered that there be two bureaus on each side of the palace, connected by twelve bells, making it twenty bureaus. There is one person in each office. There are four people in Jiangu and one person each in Zhuhao. There are ten people on each side, singing, harp, harp, Xiao, Zhu, Zheng, Qiuzheng, lying konghou, and small pipa, under the chimes. There are eight people on each side of the sheng, yu, flute, transverse flute, Xiao, bamboo basket, chi, and flute, and they dance under the chimes. The palace hangs a stilt, a golden five-footed mountain, and is decorated with plum tree feathers. The instruments should be painted with lacquer, and the gods of heaven and earth should be painted in red, and the ancestral temple should be decorated with five-color lacquer paintings. There are thunder drums added to the sky god hanging, spiritual drums added to the ground only, and Lu drums added to the ancestral temple. There is one person for singing, one for bells and one for chimes, four people for singing, and harp and harp; one person. Its lacquer paintings and Boshan Qi Su Shuyu are the same as those in Gongxuan. The singers are Jie Gu, Zhu Lianchang and Wu Pilu. The people in the palace and the lower management are in plain turbans and Zhu Lianchang. Kaile people, Wu Bian, Zhu Yuyi, shoes and socks. Wenwu, Jinxian crown, Guangsha even clothes, silk inner singlet, soap leader's jacket, black leather, left holding Xian, right holding Zhai. The two of them hold the banners and lead the way. They are in addition to the number of dancers and wear the same clothes as the dancers. Wu Bian, Zhu Guangyi, black leather shoes. Thirty-two people, holding guns and dragons. Thirty-two people are relatives and turtles. The two of them stood in front of each other. Two people hold harps, two hold priests, two hold cymbals, and two hold spears. Four hold bows and arrows, four hold bows, four hold halberds, and four hold spears. Since the bow has been lowered, and there are no more dancers, the clothes and hats are the same as those of the dancers.

The hangings in the emperor's palace and the singing are the same as before. Those who applied for the paint were all painted in five colors. There is no drum inside the suspension.

The crown prince Xuanxuan went to the south and set up three bells in Chenchou Shen. The same goes for Sanjiangu. The number of singers who performed songs was reduced by two. Its Cuiya Jin Sanbo Mountain. All musical instruments are painted with vermilion lacquer. The rest are the same as Gongxuan.

Dagu, small drum, Dajia advocated and painted with red lacquer. The big drum is decorated with gold bracelets, kaile and festival drums, decorated with feathers. Its long sound, medium sound, and horizontal blow all have five-colored banners, scarlet palms, painted dragons, and five-colored feet. The same goes for the big horn flag. Dagu, Changming workers, Zaodi Yuwen; Jinzheng, Gu, Xiaogu, Zhongming, Wu Hengchui workers, Qingdi Yuwen; Kaile workers, Wu Bian, Zhu Yuyi, Hengchui, Feidi Yuwen. And for the hat, hakama pleats. Dajiao workers wear plain turbans, scarlet shirts, and white cloth hakama. The inner palace, drums, music, clothing, and color all conform to this.

The crown prince's cymbals and festival drums are painted in red lacquer and decorated with feathers. I advocated adding vermilion paint. There are no gold bracelets for the big drum and small drum. There are long, medium, and horizontal blows, five-colored banners, scarlet palms, and paintings of squatting animals and five-colored feet. The same goes for the big horn flag. Workers with big drums, long blasts and horizontal blows, purple hats and scarlet hakama pleats. Jin Zheng, drum, small drum, Zhongming workers, green hat, green hakama pleats. The cymbal player, Wu Bian, Zhu Yiyi. Big-horned workers wear plain turbans, scarlet shirts, and white cloth hakama.

The first product, cymbals and festival drums, painted in red lacquer, decorated with feathers. I advocated adding vermilion paint. There are long, medium, and horizontal blows, five-colored banners, scarlet palms, and paintings of squatting animals and five-colored feet. The same goes for the big horn flag.

Workers with big drums, long blasts and horizontal blows, purple hats and red cloth hakama pleats. Workers with golden horns, drums, small drums, and Zhongming, green hats, and blue cloth hakama pleats. Rao Chui Gong, Wu Bian, Zhu Yiyi. Big-horned workers wear plain turbans, scarlet shirts, and white cloth hakama. Grade three or above, red lacquer, decorated with five colors. Zou, coaxing workers, Wu Bian, Zhu Yiyi. Yu Tongzhengyipin. The fourth grade, cymbals and workers' clothes are the same as the third grade. The rest of the drums are all green and dark. Workers with gold zhengs, drums, and big drums, blue hats, and blue cloth hakama pleats.

In the second year of Emperor Kaihuang's reign, Yan Zhidui, the minister of Qi Huangmen, said: "The collapse of rites and music has its roots in a long time. Nowadays, elegant music is too often used, and Hu sounds are used to invite Feng Liang to study old things and search for classical music." Emperor Gaozu refused and said: "The music of Liang Dynasty was ruined, so how can I be forced to use it evilly?" Because of the fashion of Zhou music, he ordered workers Qi Shu to inspect the school's music hall and change the rhythm, but it was not good enough. Translated and memorialized by Eerzhu Kingdom and Peigong Zheng, please update and revise it. So he ordered Taichang Qing Niu Hong, Guozi Jijiu Xin Yanzhi, Guozi Dr. He Tuo and others to discuss Zhengle. However, it has been in error for a long time, and the music is too bad, and it has been undecided for many years. Emperor Gaozu was furious and said, "I have been under destiny for seven years, but Yuefu still sings about the merits of the previous generation. Is this evil?" He ordered Li E, the Censor of the Censor, Li E, and others to punish him. E said: "King Wu conquered Yin, and when Zhou Gong became king, he began to make rituals and music. This is a big matter and cannot be done quickly." Gaozu's intention was slightly understood. He also ordered people who knew the music to collect the ministers' books and discuss the music. Translation says: "When searching for the bells and stones of Yuefu, they all have the names Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng, Yu, Bian Gong, and Bian Zheng. Within seven tones, three of them responded obediently. Every time I kept asking for a visit, I couldn't get through. First, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, there was a person named Su Zhipo from Qiuchi who came to the country from the Turkic Queen. He listened to her playing and heard seven sounds in the middle. He answered: "My father is in the Western Regions." It has been passed down from generation to generation, and there are seven types of tunes. The first one is called "Satu Li", and the second one is called "Chicken Sound". ', Huayan has a long sound, which is the Shang sound. The third one is called 'Sha Shi', and the Huayan has a straight sound, which is the horn sound. It is called 'Sha La', which is the harmony sound of Huayan, which is the sound of Zheng. The sixth one is 'Bansu', which is the five tones of Huayan, which is the sound of Yu. The seventh one is 'Qi Li?', which is the sound of Hua Niu. Gong Sheng Ye. "The translation is based on practice, and only then can the seven tones be correct. However, it has seven tunes, and it is also called Wudan, and Dan makes seven tunes. Translated in Chinese dialect, Dan is called Junye. Its sound also corresponds to the five uniforms of Huangzhong, Taicu, Linzhong, Nanlu and Guxi. It has seven rhythms and no tonal sounds. Therefore, he twisted the strings and pillars of the pipa and drank together to make them even. He deduced the sound and established the seven equals. The twelve are combined to correspond to the law of twelve. The temperament has seven tones, and the sounds stand for one tune, so it becomes seven tunes and twelve tunes, which combine to eighty-four tunes. They rotate and intersect, and they all harmonize. It is still played by Taiyue in the school of sound examination. For Lin Zhong's palace, Lin Zhong is used as the palace, so Huang Zhong is used as the palace; Nan Lu is used as Shang, so Taicu is used as Shang; Ying Zhong is used as the horn, so it is taken Gu Xi is the horn. Therefore, the forest bell has seven tones in one palace, and three tones are violent at the same time. There are seventy-seven tones in the eleven palaces, all of which are obedient and unreasonable, and there is no one that is unparalleled. There are also eight in the series, so it is the music of the eight tones. In addition to the seven tones, there is one more sound, which is called the response sound. He translated and wrote more than 20 chapters to clarify his meaning. Zhishi translated his book to announce the imperial court and set up a plan to rectify it. At that time, Su Kui, the prince of the Duke of Pi State, also known as Mingle, refuted it by saying: "The music recorded in "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" is touching, and the five tones recorded in "Yue Ling" all have five, not to mention changing the palace, According to "Chun Qiu Zuo Shi", "Seven tones and six tones are used to support the five tones." According to this, each palace should have five tones. The origin of the work of seven tunes is unknown. "The translation of the answer is: "Zhou has a rhythm of seven tones, "Lü Li Zhi", heaven, earth, people and the four seasons are called the Seventh Beginning of Heaven, Lin. Zhong is the beginning of the earth, Taicu is the beginning of the people, which is the beginning of the third year. Guxi is the spring, Ruibin is the summer, Nanlu is the autumn, and Yingzhong is the beginning of the fourth hour. If the two changes are used to tune music, it will be the sound of winter and summer, and there will be no preparation for the four seasons. Therefore, each palace must have seven tunes. "Zhongcongyi. The translation also goes with Kui Ju: "In this case, the Huangzhong of Yuefu uses Lin Zhong as the first tune, which loses the meaning of the monarch and his ministers. The Qingyue Huangzhong Palace uses Xiaolu as the sign of change and the way to live well. Now please use the yellow bell of Yale Huangzhong Palace. Zhong was the leader of the tune, Qing Yue went to Xiao Lu, and Ruibin was also used as the commander. "Everyone followed it. Kui also discussed with the translator that if he wanted to separate the millet, he should make the law Lu. At that time, the music and rhythm had not been understood for a long time, and the translator, Kui, and others were able to do it one day, thinking that the sound of the music could be determined. But He Tuo used to learn from the past, and his elegance was believed by Emperor Gaozu. Emperor Gaozu was not interested in learning and did not know how to enjoy learning. He was also ashamed of being a Confucian scholar and did not understand translations. He wanted to discourage his work. He proposed that the twelve rhythms and melody phases should not be used as the palace, saying: "Although the scriptures say that the gyration phase is the palace, I am afraid that the reason is straightforward, and it cannot be used to adjust the moon, so it is not used in ancient times. If we follow Zheng Xuan and Sima Biao, It is necessary to use sixty rules to get the harmonious rhyme. The current translation only takes the main palace of Huang Zhong and captures the wonderful meaning of the seven beginnings. It does not mean the seven tunes, so he said: "According to modern records, people who play mandarin music, drums, harps, and flutes have three tunes. The sound of the three tunes has been around for a long time. Please save the three tunes." Mr. Niu Hong He knows the music, but Hong cannot know the music well. There is also Wan Baochang, a man who knows music, who cultivates old Luoyang music. He learned music and rhythm at a young age and studied under Zu Xiaozheng, who knew that the previous generation cultivated ancient music. The jade of the Zhou Dynasty, the teeth of the Yin Dynasty, eight hangings and seven, all prepared according to the "Li" of Zhou. The so-called Zhengsheng is close to the joy of the Han Dynasty and cannot be abolished. At this time, there were competing opinions and cliques, and the principles of right and wrong were confused. Or if you want to order everyone to build something, and wait for it to be completed, choose the one who is good and follow it. I'm afraid it will be successful, good and evil are easy to see, so I asked Gaozu Zhang Le to try it. So he first said: "Huang Zhong is the symbol of the virtue of a human king." When he played the tune of Huang Zhong, Gaozu said: "It is eloquent and elegant, and it resonates with my heart." If you use Huang Zhong in one palace, there will be nothing left. Lu, the Great Patriarch was greatly pleased, and the class bestowed upon those who cultivated music such as Tuo. Since then the translation has been discussed.

"Sui Shu" Tang Wei Zheng et al